Dermatology Assessment – Flashcards
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Tinea corporis
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Enlarged raised red rings with central area of clearing. Edge of rash appears elevated and scaly. Skin surrounding may be dry and flaky. Also known as ringworm, tinea circinata and tinea glabrosa. "Corporis" occurs in the body.
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Tinea capitus
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Generally limited to epidermis and expands in a centrifugal pattern. May be asymptomatic or pruritic or burning sensation. Lesions are erythematous, scaly plaque. Scales, crust, papules, vesicles, or bullae may develop along the border. "Capitus" occurs in the head.
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Tinea cruris
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Tinea is a superficial dermatophyte infection characterized by inflammation or noninflammatory lesions. Common caused by trichophyton (most common), microsporum, and epidermophyton. "Cruris" also known as jock itch, occurs around groin area.
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Malignant melanoma
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ABCDE's of melanoma. A = asymmetry, one half is unlike the other half. B = border, irregula, scalloped or poorly defined border. C = color, varies from one area to another, shades of black or tan, can be white, red or blue. D = diameter, greater than 6 mm. E = evolving, mole or skin lesion that looks different than others and is changing in size, shape or color.
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Most common form of skin cancer. Develops mostly on skin that are exposed to sun, such as head, neck and back of hands. Common on face, nose although can be found on any body part. Can appear as dome-shape skin growth with visible blood vessels. Often pink or skin-colored. Can be black or have flecks of color. Grows slowly, may flatten in the center, ooze and crust over. Tends to bleed easily.
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Sqaumous cell carcinoma
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Develops on skin that is exposed to sun. Bump or lump on skin that feels rough. Can become dome-shaped and start to bleed. Sore does not heal. Flat, reddish, scaly patch that grows slowly.
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Actinic keratosis
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Forms when skin is badly damaged by ultraviolet rays or from indoor tanning. Rough-feeling patch on skin that cannot be seen. Feels painful when rubbed. Can be itchy or burn. When on lips, feels constantly dry.
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Atopic dermatitis
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Rash that appears suddenly and makes skin dry, scaly and itchy. Forms on scalp and face, mostly on cheeks. Can ooze and weep fluids.
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Pityriasis rosea
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Benign papulosquamous disease that occurs mostly in spring and fall. Begins as solitary macule that is 2-10 cm in diameter with more rashes appearing after several days on torso and extremities.
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Eczema
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General term that refers to skin that swells and discolors, can be itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping and crusting patches. Interchangeable with "dermatitis."
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Herpes Simplex
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DNA viruses that cause acute skin infections that present as grouped vesciles on an erythematous base around the mouth or face, may occur on the genitals, buttocks or anal area. Infection occurs from transmission of body fluids. No cure, infection self-limited, anti-viral therapy will help shorten symptoms.
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Herpes Zoster
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Clusters of vesicles are initially clear, but may then become cloudy, rupture, crust and involute. Pain may not resolve and may persist for years. Vaccine available.
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Common warts
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Benign skin growth caused by viral infection of top layer of skin. Can be found on most body parts including face and foot. Common warts have black dots and feel like rough bumps. Found on fingers, around nails and on backs of hands.
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Erythema multiforme
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Exist as both minor and major forms. Minor is self-limiting, whereas major can be life-threatening. Presents as raised, edematous papules with mild itching pink-red botches, symmetrically arranged starting at extremities.
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Psoriasis
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Multiple types of psoriasis. Common recurring condition that itches characterized by skin lesions, including red, scaly patches, papules, and plaques. Plaques can appear anywhere on the skin. Nail problems such as pits in the nail, crumbing nail or nails falling off can occur.
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Vitiligo
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Causes loss of color or pigmentation. Can happen on skin, hair, inside mouth or genitals. May have itching or pain.
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Acne
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Most common skin condition in United States. Acne appears when pore in skin clogs. Trap dead skin and bacteria cause pores to become inflamed. Can appear as blackheads, whiteheads, papules, pustules (pimple), cysts or nodules.
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rosacea
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Flushing and redness in the center of the face. Visible broken blood vessels (spider veins). Swollen skin, may be very sensitive. Skin may sting and burn. Dry skin, roughness or scaling. Have a tendency to flush or blush more easily than other people.
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Chickenpox
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Skin rash accompanied by low-grade fever and intense pruritus in mostly children/adolescents. Caused by VZV, highly contagious and acquired via inhalation of airborne droplets or direct vesicle contact.
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intertrigo
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Infection at site of broken skin due to inflammation. Develops from chafing of warm, moist skins in areas of inner thighs, genitalia, armpits, under the breasts, belly, ears and between toes and fingers. May appear red and raw-looking, may itch, ooze and be sore. Overweight and diabetic individuals are more at risk.
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scabies
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Common skin condition cause by mites burrowing into skin. Itching can begin from 1-4 days for prior exposures to 2-6 weeks for new infection. Scabies cause itching mainly at night, rash that look like hives, tiny bites or pimples. Sore develops from scratching and can form crusts.
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Impetigo
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Gram-positive bacterial infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis. Bullous or nonbullous. Red 2-5 mm macule or papule that turns into a fragile vesicle, which develops into superficial 1-cm flaccid bulla with minimal surrounding erythema, later ruptures to become honey-yellow crusted papule or plaque. Usually asymptomatic but may have occassional pain or pruritus.
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folliculitis
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Inflammation within the wall and ostia of one or more hair follicles, creating a pustule. Appears as small papules on an erythematous base pieced by a central hair.
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impetigo
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Highly infectious bacterial skin infection. Begins as red sore near the nose or mouth which breaks, leaking pus or fluid and forms honey-colored scab, followed by a red mark which heals without leaving a scar. Sores are not painful, but may be itchy.
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Erysipelas
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Type of cellulitis that extends into the superficial cutaneous lymphatics, most commonly caused by group A streptococci. Skin infection begins as a small erythematous patch that progresses to a fiery-red, indurated, tense and shiny plaque. Margins are sharply demarcated.
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Molluscum Contagiosum
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Cutaneous infection caused by DNA poxvirus and manifests as raised, pearl-like papules/nodules with a central depression and a plug of cheesy material. Lesions may appear firm, smoth and umbilicated papules about 2-6 mm in diameter. Papules may be painless or itchy and tender, be in clusters or widely distributed, varying in color.
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Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
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Viral illness with oral and distal-extremity lesions, commonly caused by coxsackievirus. Oral lesions are typically 2-3 mm vesicles on an erythematous base. Other lesions are 2-10 mm erythematous maclues with a central, gray, oval vesicle. Lesions are elliptical with long axis parallel to the skin lines. Incubation of 3-7 days and symptoms include fever, rash, headache, sore throat, oropharyngeal ulcers and loss of appetite.
