question

What are the four points of skin assessment history

answer

Activity status, nutritional state, elimination pattern, cognitive state

question

In the acute care setting, skin assessments should be performed when

answer

On admission and then every 24 hours, or if the patient's condition changes

question

In the long term care setting, skin assessments should be performed when

answer

On admission and then weekly for 4 weeks then quarterly or whenever the pt's condition changes

question

In the home health care setting, skin assessments should be performed when

answer

On admission and then on every visit

question

Clear and watery drainage composed of serous portion of blood

answer

Serous drainage

question

Fluid drainage containing a large number of red blood cells and looks like blood

answer

Sanguineous drainage

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Fluid drainage mixed with serum and rbc's, which is light pink to blood tinged in color

answer

Serosanguineous drainage

question

Fluid drainage composed of white blood cells, liquified dead tissue debris and both dead and live bacteria. Drainage is thick, often musty or foul odor, and varies in color. (Such as dark yellow or green)

answer

Purulent drainage

question

Provides sinus tract after incision and drainage of abscess, in abdominal surgery

answer

Penrose drain

question

For bile drainage after gallbladder surgery

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T-tube drain

question

Decreases dead space by collecting drainage after breast or abdominal surgery

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Jackson-Pratt drain

question

Decreases dead space by collecting drainage after abdominal or orthopedic surgery

answer

Hemovac

question

Allowing healing from base of wound after removal of hemorrhoids or on infected wounds

answer

Gauze, iodoform gauze, Nugauze

question

What laboratory criteria indicates nutritional factors indicating risk for decubitus ulcers

answer

Albumin <3.2 mg/dL, pre albumin 8.1%, glucose > 120

question

procedure consisting of placing very thin, short, sterile needles at particular acupoints, believed to be centers of nerve and vascular tissue, along a meridian to either increase or decrease the flow of chi along the meridian, restoring the balance of yin and yang, and thereby contributing to healing

answer

Acupuncture

question

Methods not included in the conventional scope of medicine

answer

Alternative modalities

question

Treating disease with a conventional method using drugs having opposite effects than the symptoms

answer

Allopathic medicine

question

A characteristic feature of neuropathic pain, is pain that occurs after a weak or nonpainful stimuli, such as a light touch or a cold drink, which normally should not cause pain

answer

Allodynia

question

Consists of seven layers that surround the body and relate to the chakras

answer

Aura

question

A science of life that delineates the diet, medicines, and behaviors that are beneficial or harmful for life and considers that balance among people, the environment, and the larger cosmos is integral to human health

answer

Ayurveda

question

Concentrated areas of energy aligned vertically in the body, which relate to each other as well as to specific areas of the body/mind/spirit

answer

Chakra

question

C.A.T The belief that Mind, body, and spirit are integrated and together influence health and illness

answer

Complementary and Alternative Therapy

question

A theory and philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole

answer

Holism

question

nursing practice built on a holistic philosophy

answer

Holistic nursing

question

Pain lasting from seconds up to 6 months

answer

Acute pain

question

Pain lasting longer than 6 months, may be intermittent or continuous

answer

Chronic pain

question

drugs typically used for other purposes, but also used to enhance the effects of opioids by providing additional pain relief

answer

Adjuvant

question

Acting to relieve pain

answer

Analgesic

question

Temporary flare-up of moderate to severe pain that occurs even when the patient is taking around-the-clock medication for persistent pain

answer

Breakthrough pain

question

Superficial pain usually involving the skin or the subcutaneous tissue

answer

Cutaneous pain

question

The endorphin having the most potent analgesic effect

answer

Dynorphin

question

Morphine-like substances released by the body that appear to alter the perception of pain

answer

Endorphin

question

Opioids that are widespread throughout the brain and dorsal horn of the spinal cord and are believed to reduce pain sensation by inhibiting the release of substance P

answer

Enkephalins

question

Belief that one's own ideas, beliefs, and practices are best, superior, or most preferred to those of others; using one's cultural norms as the standard to evaluate others' beliefs

answer

Ethnocentrism

question

Period in chronic illness when the symptoms of the disease reappear

answer

Exacerbation

question

Theory that explains that excitatory pain stimuli carried by small-diameter nerve fibers can be blocked by inhibiting signals carried by large-diameter nerve fibers

answer

Gate Control Thoery

question

Severe pain that is extremely resistant to relief measures

answer

Intractable

question

Process by which the sensation of pain is inhibited or modified

answer

Modulation

question

endogenous opioid chemical regulators that appear to have analgesic activity and alter pain perception

answer

Neuromodulators

question

Pain that results as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting abnormal functioning of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) or central nervous system (CNS)

answer

Neuropathic pain

question

Substances that either excite or inhibit target nerve cells

answer

Neurotransmitters

question

Pain receptors

answer

Nociceptors

question

Pain from a normal process that results in noxious stimuli being perceived as painful

answer

Nociceptive pain

question

More correct term for narcotic analgesics, since these drugs act by binding to opiate receptor sites in the central nervous system

answer

Opioid

question

amount of stimulation required before a person experiences the sensation of pain

answer

Pain threshold

question

Point beyond which a person is no longer willing to endure pain (i.e., pain of greater duration or intensity)

answer

Pain tolerance

question

Conscious process of organizing and interpreting data from the senses into meaningful information

answer

Perception

question

Sensation of pain without demonstrable physiologic or pathologic substance; commonly observed after the amputation of a limb

answer

Phantom Pain

question

Phenomenon in which the body physiologically becomes accustomed to an opioid and suffers withdrawal symptoms if the opioid is suddenly removed or the dose is rapidly decreased

answer

Physical dependence

question

Latin word meaning, "I shall please"; an inactive substance that gives satisfaction to the person using it

answer

Placebo

question

Pain for which no physical cause can be identified

answer

Psychogenic pain

question

Pain in an area removed from that in which stimulation has its origin

answer

Referred pain

question

Period in a chronic illness when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms of the disease

answer

Remission

question

Pain originating in structures in the body's external wall

answer

Somatic pain

question

Occurrence of the body's becoming accustomed to an opioid and needing a larger dose each time for pain relief

answer

Tolerance

question

Activation of pain receptors, histamine is released, substance P released, prostoglandins released, bradykinin released, glutamine released

answer

Transduction

question

Conduction of pain sensations from the site of an injury or inflammation along clear and unclear pathways to the spinal cord and then on to higher centers

answer

Transmission

question

Pain originating in the internal organs in the thorax, cranium, or abdomen

answer

Visceral pain

question

Physical suffering of a person due to injury or illness

answer

Pain

question

Physiological, Behavioral, and affective

answer

Three types of pain

question

Pain syndrome follows an acute central nervous system infection, such as herpes zoster (shingles). The herpes syndrome is characterized by a vesicular eruption and neuralgic pain, which is usually unilateral and encircles the body in band-like clusters. The severity of the pain may be mild to severe. Intractable pain may persist for months to years

answer

Postherpetic neuralgia

question

Pain occurs in the area of a partially injured peripheral nerve (the most common lesions are of the brachial plexus or median or sciatic nerve). The pain is described as burning, severe, diffuse, and persistent and is elicited by minimal movement or touch of the affected area. It increases with repeated stimulation and continues even after stimulation ceases.

answer

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Causalgia)

question

Paroxysms of lightning-like stabs of intense pain in the distribution of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve. Pain is usually experienced in the mouth, gums, lips, nose, cheek, chin, and surface of the head and may be triggered by everyday activities like talking, eating, shaving, or brushing one's teeth

answer

Trigeminal Neuralgia

question

A common complication of long-term diabetes mellitus. Metabolic and vascular changes result in damage to peripheral and autonomic nerves. Sensory loss can result when peripheral nerves are involved and eventually lead to injury progressing to infection and gangrene. Symptoms include sensations of numbness, prickling, or tingling (paresthesias).

answer

Diabetic Neuropathy

question

The Numeric Rating Scale, the verbal descriptor scale, and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised are recommended for what age group. This age group commonly prefers a vertical pain scale such as the Iowa Pain Thermometer

answer

Older adults

question

PCA: A machine allowing patients to self medicate

answer

Patient Controlled Analgesia

question

CSI: A method of medication administration.

answer

Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion

question

Changes in attitudes, values, and feelings

answer

Affective learning

question

The study of teaching adults

answer

Andragogy

question

Storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain

answer

Cognitive Learning

question

Pact made between two persons or parties for the achievement of mutually set goals

answer

Contractual Agreement

question

Giving guidance, assisting with problem solving

answer

Counseling

question

Predictable patterns of behavior and change occurring throughout the lifespan

answer

Developmental Crisis

question

Planned teaching based on learner objectives

answer

Formal Teaching

question

Ability to read, understand, and act on health information

answer

Health Literacy

question

Unplanned teaching sessions dealing with the patient's immediate learning needs and concerns

answer

Informal teaching

question

Increasing one's knowledge; having one's behavior changed in a measurable way as a result of an experience

answer

Learning

question

Patient's willingness to engage in the teaching-learning process (emotional readiness) and experiential readiness to begin the challenge of learning

answer

Learning Readiness

question

An ineffective teaching strategy that uses criticism or punishment

answer

Negative Reinforcement

question

A registered nurse who integrates coaching competencies into any setting or specialty area of practice to facilitate a process of change or development that assists individuals or groups to realize their potential

answer

Nurse Coach

question

Science of teaching that generally refers to the teaching of children and adolescents

answer

Pedagogy

question

Affirmation of the efforts of patients

answer

Positive Reinforcement

question

Tune into the patient, Edit patient information, Act on every teaching moment, Clarify often, Honor the patient as a partner in the education process

answer

TEACH acronym

question

A method devised to help family members become effective problem solvers and support your teaching efforts using Creativity, Optimism, Planning and Expert information.

answer

COPE model

question

What is my main problem, What do I need to do, Why is it important for me to do this

answer

Ask me 3 questions brief tool

question

A tool developed to assess the level of a patient's understanding of new health information

answer

UPP- Understanding Personal Perception tool

question

What are the three learning domains

answer

Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor

question

Rescue, alarm, confine, evacuate

answer

R.A.C.E.

question

Subjective and objective data is analyzed and a plan of care is created

answer

S.O.A.P. Charting format

question

an exaggerated response to mildly obnoxious stimuli

answer

Hyperalegesia

question

Drug and alcohol use, age related physiological status, medical problems, Environment

answer

D.A.M.E fall risk

question

How many hours of sleep does an Infant need

answer

14-20

question

What medication used for sleeping disorders can cause hangover-like symptoms

answer

Flurazepam (Dalmane)

question

What part of the brain is responsible for sleep and waking

answer

Hypothalamus

question

The medical term for sleep walking

answer

Somnabulism

question

An individuals sleep-wake cycle is usually fully developed at what age

answer

2-3 years

question

What stage of sleep is it easily to arouse a person and constitutes around 50-55% of total sleep

answer

Stage 2 sleep

question

What stage of sleep lasts only a few minutes where a person may experience involuntary muscle jerking, and are still aware of surroundings

answer

Stage 1 sleep

question

What stage of sleep is a person hard to arouse, also known as delta sleep

answer

Stage 4 sleep

question

What is an example of a parasomnia

answer

Enuresis

question

What is an example of a Dyssomnia

answer

Restless leg syndrome, insomnia

question

How many hours of sleep does a newborn usually sleep

answer

16-17 hours

question

During what stage of sleep does the pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, metabolic rate, and body temperature increase, whereas general skeletal muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes are depressed.

answer

REM sleep

question

How does Hyperthyroidism affect sleep

answer

It makes it difficult to fall asleep

question

What type of sleep deprivation does Hypothyroidism cause, resulting in fatigue, lethargy, depression and difficulty executing tasks of everyday living

answer

It tends to decrease the amount of NREM sleep

question

How many hours do adults need of sleep

answer

7-9 Hours

question

Growing children need how many hours of sleep

answer

10-14

question

The amino acid L-Tryptophan affects sleep in what way

answer

Promotes sleep

question

What foods is the precursor to serotonin; amino acid L-Tryptophan found in

answer

Milk, Cheese and Turkey

question

Seizures from epilepsy are more likely to occur in what type of sleep (environmental factors)

answer

NREM

question

Seizures from epilepsy are depressed in what type of sleep (environmental factors)

answer

REM

question

Gastric secretions increase during what type of sleep (environmental factors)

answer

REM

question

What two diseases cause a reversal in day-night sleep patterns (environmental factors)

answer

Liver failure and Encephalitis

question

How does Hypothyroidism affect sleep

answer

Decreases NREM sleep especially in stages 2 and 4

question

How do Barbiturates, amphetamine and antidepressants affect sleep

answer

Decrease REM sleep

question

How do Hypnotic-sedatives affect sleep

answer

Disturb both NREM and REM sleep

question

The loss of high frequency, sensoineural hearing

answer

Presbycusis

question

What is the sense of taste known as

answer

Gustatory

question

A person who is drowsy but responds normally to stimuli is said to be

answer

Somnolent

question

A person who can be aroused by extreme or repeated stimuli is said to be

answer

Stupor

question

A state of optimum arousal is known as

answer

Sensoristasis

question

Farsightedness

answer

Hyperopia

question

Nearsidedness

answer

Myopia

question

Lazy eye, or impaired or dim vision without any obvious defect or change in the eye, typically treated using an eyepatch, lasix surgery, corrective lenses, or administering levadopa

answer

Amblyopia

question

Hearing loss involving the dysfunction of the nerves

answer

Sensorineural

question

A defect in the eye or in a lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature, which results in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus

answer

Astigmatism

question

double vision

answer

Diplopia

question

What vitamin is important in young children to avoid developing night blindness

answer

Vit A

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