Naming Babies in Orthodox Judaism

Birth: Babies named after father. Male children are named 8 days after birth, when the ritual circumcision is done. Female babies are named during the reading of the holy Torah. Care of Women: Woman is considered to be impure when she is bleeding (menstrual cycle, and after child birth). During this time her husband will not have physical contact with her. When bleeding stops she will bathe herself in a pool called mikvah. An orthodox Jewish man will not touch any women other than his wife, daughters and mother. Dietary Rules: 1)Kosher dietary laws- no mixing of milk and meat at a meal, no consumption of food not slaughtered in accordance with Jewish law. Separate cooking utensils for meat and milk. If both are served for a meal, dairy should be served first. Meats included only vegetarian animals and cloven hoof animals. 2)During Yom Kippur a 24 hour fast is required unless unable due to medical reasons. 3)During Passover, no leavened products are eaten 4)Observant Jewish patients often wish to say prayers over bread and wine before meals. Time and a quiet environment should be provided for this. -fish that have scales and fins are allowed Sabbath: Observed from sunset Friday - sunset Saturday. Orthodox law prohibits riding in a car, smoking, turning lights on or off, handling money, using TV and phone. Death:Defined as occurring when respiration and circulation are irreversibly stopped and no movement is apparent. 1) NO euthanasia! 2)Before death, it is a religious duty for friends and family to visit. The Torah and Psalms are often read and prayers recited. Witness needs to be present when a person prays for health so if they die, God will protect the family and the spirit will be committed to God. No talking about death unless initiated by the patient. Patient should have someone with them when the soul leaves the body. After death the body isn't left alone until burial within 24 hrs. 3)When they die, no one touches the body for 8 - 30 minutes. Only an Orthodox person is permitted to care for the body. No handling of the corpse on the Sabbath. If a nurse has to touch the body, gloves must be worn. Mirrors covered to symbolize death has occurred. 4)No autopsies, but if one is required, all body parts must remain with the body. 5)Body buried within 24 hrs. No flowers permitted. A fetus is required to be buried. 6) 7-day mourning period is required by the immediate family at home except for the sabbath worship. 7)All body parts should be buried with the body so that everything can return to the earth. Birth Control and Abortion: Birth Control is not encouraged. Vasectomy is not allowed. Abortion is permitted only to save the mothers life. Organ Transplant: Transplants not permitted unless with rabbinical consent. Shaving: Beard is a mark of piety. Shaving is need done with a razor but with scissors or electric razor because no blade should contact the skin. Head covering: Men wear skull caps sometimes, and women cover their hair after marriage. Some women wear wigs as a mark of piety. Conservative Jews only cover their head during worship or prayer. Prayer:Praying directly to God, including a prayer of confession is required.

Birth: Some adhere to Orthodox Jew practices and some don't. They favor circumcision but it's not imperative. Care of women: Do not observe the rules against touching Dietary Rules: Don't usually observe kosher dietary restrictions Sabbath: Usually worship in temples on Friday evening. No strict rules Death: Advocate the use of life support without heroic measures. Allow for cremation but suggest that ashes be buried in a Jewish cemetery. Organ Transplant: Donation or transplantation of organs is allowed with permission of Rabbi. Head Coverings: Variable, but generally men and women pray without head coverings

Birth:Infant baptism is mandatory (believe unbaptized children are cut off from heaven). Newborns with grave prognosis, stillbirth and all aborted fetuses need emergency baptism. Priest is called immediately to perform the baptism unless they are about to die any minute, then anyone can perform the baptism by pouring warm water on the infants head and saying "I baptize you in the name of the father, son and Holy Spirit". All info is recorded and priest and family are notified. Holy Eucharist: For anyone receiving communion, abstinence from solid food and alcohol is required for 15 min before reception of the consecrated wafer. medicine, water and non-alcoholic drinks are permitted at any time. If the patient is close to death the fasting requirement is waived. Anointing the sick: Priest uses oil to anoint the forehead and hands and if desired the affected area. People receiving the sacrament seek complete healing and strength to endure suffering. Nurse calls priest before patient becomes unconscious if possible but also when there is sudden death. Everything is recorded. Dietary Habits: Obligatory fasting is waived during hospitalization. If no health restrictions then they still observe: 1)Anyone 14 years or older has to obtain from meat on Ash Wednesday and Fridays during lent. 2) Anyone 21 - 59 are required to limit themselves to one full meal and 2 light meals on Ash wednesday and Good Friday. 3)Eastern Rite Catholics are stricter about fasting an fast more frequently than Western Rite Catholics. Death: Are to participate in anointing and the eucharist and penance before death. The body is not to be shrouded until after these sacraments are done.All body parts retain human quality and are required to be appropriately buried or cremated. Birth Control: Prohibited except for abstinence or natural family planning methods. Nurses or Doctors can teach natural family planning methods. Sterilization is prohibited unless there is a medical reason. Organ donation: Acceptable as long as donor is not harmed and is not deprived of life. Religious objects: Rosary prayers are said using rosary beads. Medals bearing images of saints, relics, statues, scapulars are important objects that are often pinned to hospital gown or pillow.

Birth: Child required to be baptized within 40 days after birth. If sprinkling or immersion into water is not possible baptism is performed by moving the baby in the air in the sign of the cross. A priest or deacon must perform the baptism. Holy eucharist: Priest is notified if patient desires this sacrament Anointing the sick: Priest conducts this in the hospital room. Dietary Habits: Fasting from meat and dairy is required on Wednesdays and Fridays during Lent and other holy days. Exempt from fasting if detrimental to health. Special Days: Christmas is January 7th. New Years January 14th. Death: Last rites are obligatory. handled by ordained priest who is notified by the nurse while patient is still conscious. Doesn't encourage autopsy or organ donation. Euthanasia and cremation are discouraged. Birth Control: BC and abortion are not permitted.

Baptism: complete immersion is practiced when the individual receives Jesus Christ as their savior and Lord Holy Communion: Notify Clergy if patient desires Anointing the sick: Members believe in divine healing through prayer and laying on of hands. Dietary habits: Abstinence from alcohol, tobacco, and all illegal drugs is encouraged Death: No special practices Other practices: Faith in God and in the health care providers is encouraged. Members sometimes speak in tongues during prayer.

Baptism: no infant baptism Holy Communion: Notify clergy if its desired Dietary habits: Total abstinence from alcohol is expected. Death: No general service provided, but clergy does minister through counseling, prayer and scripture and patient is encouraged to believe in Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord. Other Practices: The Bible is the word of God so allow quiet time for reading or offer to read to the patient.

Baptism: No infant baptism, but have dedication service. Believers are baptized by immersion. Holy Communion: Open communion is celebrated each sunday and is a central part of worship services. Death: no special practices Other Practices: Church elders as well as clergy are appropriate to notify to assist with meeting the patients spiritual needs.

Baptism: No infant baptism, but have dedication service. Holy Communion: Usually received in the church but clergy will give it in the hospital if requested. Anointing the sick: Practiced for physical healing as well as spiritual uplift and held in high regard by the church. Death: Clergy is notified for counsel and prayer.

Baptism: Parents have choice of baptism or dedication for their infant. Emphasis on the believers baptism. Holy Communion: Pastor will administer if patient wishes Dietary Habits: Use of alcohol and tobacco is prohibited Death: Cremation is permitted, and stillborn term infants are buried. Other Practices: Believe in divine healing but not to the exclusion of medical treatment.

Baptism: Infant baptism is considered urgent if the infant is critically ill. Lay persons are permitted to baptize in an emergency Holy Communion: Notify priest if patient desires Anointing the sick: Priest often administers this rite when death is imminent, but not mandatory Dietary habits: Some abstain from meat on Fridays others fast before eucharist, but not mandatory Death: No special practices Other practices: Confession of sins to a priest is optional.

Baptism: Baptise only living infants any time, but usually 6 - 8 weeks after birth. Adults are also baptized. Modes include sprinkling, pouring and immersion Holy Communion: Notify clergy if desired Anointing the sick: Patients sometimes request anointing if prognosis is poor Death: Service of Commendation of the Dying is used at the patient or families request

Baptism: No infant baptism, but dedication is sometimes performed Holy Communion: twice a year with foot washing as part of the ceremony Dietary Habits: abstinence from alcohol is urged for all Death: Prayer is important at the time of crisis so contacting a minister is important Other Practices: Women sometimes wear head coverings during hospitalization. Anointing with oil is administered in harmony with James 5:14 when requested.

Baptism: Notify clergy if parent desires baptism for a sick infant Holy Communion: Notify clergy if patient wants this before surgery or other health crisis Anointing of the sick: If requested, clergy will come pray and sprinkle patient with olive oil Death: Scripture reading and prayer are important during this time Other practices: Donation of ones body or part of the body at death is encouraged

Baptism: Infant baptism is practiced by pouring or sprinkling. Immersion is practiced at times for adults Holy Communion: Given when appropriate and convenient at patients request. Death: Notify local pastor or elder for prayer and scripture reading if desired

Baptism and Holy Communion: Friends have no creed; therefore a diversity of personal beliefs exists, one of which is that outward sacraments are usually not necessary because there is the ministry of the spirit inwardly is such areas as baptism and communion. A few friends baptist with water. Death: Believe the present life is part of God's kingdom and generally have no ceremony as a rite of passage form this life to the next. Ascertain that patient's personal beliefs and wishes then act on the patients wishes Other practices: The name of the Quaker infant is recorded in official record books at the local meeting

Baptism: No particular ceremony, but do have infant dedication Holy Communion: No particular ceremony Death: Notify the local officer in charge of the Army Corps for any soldier who needs assistance Other Practices: The Bible is seen as the only rule for one's faith therefore make the scriptures available to a patient. The Army has many of its own social welfare centers with hospitals and homes where unwed mothers are cared for and outpatient services provided. no medical or surgical procedures are opposed, except abortion on demand.

Baptism: No infant baptism, but dedication is performed Holy Communion: Not required of hospitalized patients, but clergy is notified if patient desires Anointing of the sick: Clergy are contacted for prayer and anointing with oil. Dietary Habits: Body is viewed as the Temple of the Holy Spirit, health living is essential. No alcohol, tobacco, coffee, and tea and the promiscuous use of drugs are prohibited. Some are vegetarians and most avoid pork. Over eating is prohibited, 5 - 6 hours between meals with NO snacking is practiced. Special Days: Sabbath is observed on Saturday Other related practices: No hypnotism. Homosexual or lesbian orientation are ministered to in the hope of "correction" of these practices which are believed to be wrong.

Baptism: Practice infant and adult baptism. Modes used: pouring, sprinkling and immersion Holy Communion: Clergy is notified if desired Death: Notify clergy if counsel or prayer is desired

Birth: Baby is immediately bathed after birth before given to the mother. Father or Mother whispers the call to prayer in the child's ears so that the first sounds it hears are about the Muslim faith. Circumcision is recommended before puberty. A baby born at least 130 days of gestations given the same treatment as any other infant Dietary habits: No pork or alcohol. All halal meat must be blessed and killed in a special way. During Ramadan, fasting occurs during the daytime. Death: Before death, family is present to read the Koran and pray with the patient. Imam will come if requested. Patients face Mecca and confess their sins and beg for forgiveness in the presence of their family. After death the patient is washed by the family same sex muslim, prepared and in a position facing Mecca. Health care providers can do this if they wear gloves. Burial is performed ASAP. Grief may be expressed through slapping or hitting of the body. Cremation is forbidden. Autopsy is also forbidden unless for legal reasons and then no body parts can be removed. No donation of body parts or organs, because according to culturally developed law, people don't own their bodies. Abortion/Birth Control: Abortion is forbidden, and birth control is not encouraged. Believe it interfere with God's purpose, others believe it is best for a woman to have only as many children as her husband can afford. Contraceptive is permitted by Islamic Law Personal Deviations: At prayer time, washing is required, even by the sick. Privacy is important during prayer Religious objects: Koran is not to be touched by anyone ritually unclean, and nothing placed on top of it. Some wear taviz (black string with words from the Koran) Don't remove and must remain dry. Bangles have religious significance and shouldn't be removed unnecessarily. Care of women: Husband must be present for signing of consent forms because women are not allowed. Women are modest and wear clothes that cover all of the body. Respect modesty during examinations. Women prefer women drs. For 40 days after giving birth and during menstruation a woman is exempt from prayer because this is a time of cleansing for her.

No Baptism Dietary Habits: No pork, or traditional "black culture" food like collard greens and corn bread Death: Family is contacted before any care is given to the deceased. Special procedures for washing and shrouding of the body Other practices: Quiet time is necessary to permit prayer. members are encouraged to use black physicians for health care.

Birth: Use physician or midwife during child birth. No baptism ceremony Dietary Habits: alcohol and tobacco are considered drugs and not used. Coffee and tea are often declined Death: No autopsy unless required by law. Organ donation is unlikely, but is an individual decision Other practices: Normally don't seek medical care because they approach health in a primarily spiritual framework. Commonly use surgeons to set a bone but decline drugs and other medical or surgical procedures. Hypnotism and psychotherapy are declined. Seek exemptions from vaccines but obey legal requirements. The Christian Science Journal lists available Christian Science Nurses.

No baptism is practiced. Baptism by complete immersion of adults is done as a symbol of dedication to Jehovah because Jesus was baptized Dietary Habits: alcohol and tobacco is discouraged because they harm the body. No eating of food which blood has been added. They can eat animal flesh if the blood has been drained. Death: Autopsy is a private matter to be decided by the persons involved. Burial and cremation are acceptable Birth Control and Abortion: Birth control is a personal decision. Abortion is opposed Organ transplants: Organ transplant is a private decision, if used must be cleansed with a non-blood solution Blood transfusions: Violate God's laws and are therefore not allowed. Patients do respect physicians and will accept alternatives to blood transfusions. (non-blood plasma expanders, careful surgical techniques to decrease blood loss, autologous transfusions, and auto transfusion. Jehovah's witnesses are prepared to die rather than break God's law.

Baptism: If a child over 8 is very ill, whether baptized or not, call a member of the church's priesthood Holy Communion: patients often desire a member of the church priesthood administer this. Anointing the sick: Mormons are frequently anointed and given a blessing before going to the hospital and after admission by laying on of hands Dietary Habits: No tobacco, caffeine, or alcohol. Mormons eat meat but encourage the intake of fruits, grains and herbs. First Sunday of the month is optional for fasting. Death: prefer burial of the body. Notify church elder to assist the funeral director in the dressing of the body in special clothes Birth Control and Abortion: Abortion is opposed except when mothers life is in danger. Only natural means of birth control are recommended. Artificial means are permitted when the health of the woman is at stake. Personal Care: Cleanliness is very important. A sacred undergarment must be worn at all times and removed only in emergencies Other practices: Allow quiet time for prayer and reading of sacred writings. Church maintains a welfare system to assist those in need. Family is very important.

No baptism Cremation is preferred over burial Other practices: Birth control is advocated as responsible parenting. Strong support of women's right to choose an abortion. Advocate the donation of body parts for research and transplants.

No baptism Special Days: Sunday mornings are used to honor Reverend and Mrs. Moon as true parents and members get up at 5 am, bow to a picture of the moons three times and vow to do what is needed to help the reverend accomplish his mission on earth Death: Believe that after death one's place of destiny will depend on their spiritual quality of life and goodness while on Earth. In the afterlife, one will have the same aspirations and feelings as before death. Hell is not a concern, because it will not be a place as Heaven grows in size. People who leave the Unification Church are warned of the possibility that Satan will try to possess them. Other Practices: All marriages are required to be solemnized by Reverend Moon to be part of the perfect family and have salvation. The church supplies its faithful members with life's necessities. Members sometimes use occult practices to have spiritual and psychic experiences.

Communication: head nodding does not always mean agreement. Prolonged eye contact may be interpreted as ruddiness or aggressiveness. Personal questions may be viewed as intrusive. Time orientation: may include past, present or future orientation. Varies by subculture. Members may be late because they deem current relationships and events as more important than being on time. Members are comfortable with close personal contact with family and friends. Social Roles: Large extended family. Older adults are respected. Many families are single parent families headed by the woman. Religion is important. Health and illness: Religion affects ideas about health and illness. Food preferences include: fried foods, chicken, pork, greens, and rice. Pregnant women sometimes engage in pica. Health risks: Sickle cell anemia, hypertension, heart disease, cancer, lactose intolerance, diabetes, obesity. -Alternative modes of healing include: herbs, prayer and laying on of hands. -Family is central to care of the terminally ill -displays of emotion are acceptable -organ and blood donation are not allowed -members prefer to die at home Health System Belief: Highly diverse. Biomedical system mixed with folk health beliefs. Prayer is important.

Old Order Amish: Members live in N. America and are known for their plain dress and limited use of technology Amish Mennonites: Churches that split from the old order amish. Some have lifestyle similar to old order and some don't. Beachy Amish: Have fewer limits on use of technology and don't shun those who join mennonite churches. New Order Amish: Least restrictive amish group. Use electricity in the home and shunning is not practiced. -Men have beards but NO mustaches -Men dress in plain, dark colored suits; women wear plain dresses with long sleeves, bonnets and aprons -No jewelry, watches or zippers -Rumspringa: a period at age 16 where youth decide whether to be baptized into the amish church or leave the community. Some have relaxed standards during this time. -Marriage outside the faith is not allowed. -Women can't hold positions of power, but decisions regarding health care should be directed to both the husband and wife because they consider themselves partners in life. -Patriarchal society -Unmarried women are under the authority of their fathers -Wives are submissive to their husbands -Reject materialism and worldliness -Prefer not to be photographed -Avoid technology, electricity and cars. -Highly value responsibility, generosity and helping others -Often work as farmers, builders, quilters and homemakers. -Use traditional health and alternative health care such as healers, herbs and massage. -Health is a gift from God -Risk of genetic disorders is higher because of intermarriage. -Don't have health insurance because the the Amish community maintains mutual aid funds to help with medical costs. -permit organ donation except heart transplants -women are usually buried in bridal dress

-Alcohol is usually prohibited -Many are lacto-ovo vegetarians -Some eat fish and some only avoid beef -encourage organ donation (view as act of mercy) -Shrine to buddah may be placed in clients room -Time for meditation should be respected -May refuse medications that alter awareness -After death, a monk may recite prayers for 1 hr

-Many are vegetarians. Those who eat meat don't eat pork or beef. -Fasting rituals vary -Children do not participate in fasting -prefer cremation and cast ashes in the holy river -Death rituals include tying thread around the neck or wrist of the dying person, sprinkling of special water, and placing a basil leaf on the tongue -After death, thread is not removed

-Silence is valued -Eye contact may be considered inappropriate or disrespectful -Criticism or disagreement is not expressed verbally -Head nodding doesn't always mean agreement -The word "no" may be interpreted as disrespect for others. -Time orientation is past, but includes emphasis on present and future -Formal personal space is preferred except with family and close friends -Members don't touch during conversation -Some cultures, touching between genders is unacceptable -The head is considered to be sacred, and touching of the head is disrespectful. -devoted to tradition -Large extended families -Family is structural and hierarchical -Men have power and authority, and women are expected to be obedient -Education is very important -Health is a state of physical and spiritual harmony with nature and a glance between the positive and negative energy forces. (yin and yang) -Yin foods are cold, yang foods are hot. One eats cold foods for a hot illness, and hot foods for a cold illness. -Food preferences include, raw fish, rice and vegetables -Respect physical boundaries. -Request permission to touch client -Limit eye contact -Avoid gesturing with hands -Female clients prefer female health care prodders -Encourage family involvement -Alternative modes of heating include: herbs, acupuncture, restoration of balance with foods, massage and prayers and incense. -Don't tell patient diagnosis or prognosis -Dying at home = bad luck -organ donation is not allowed

-Verbally expressive -Avoid eye contact with people of authority, may indicated respect and attentiveness -Direct confrontation is disrespectful and the expression of negative feelings may be impolite. Dramatic body language may be used to express emotion or pain. -Members are usually more oriented to the present -Members may be late for appointments because they value relationships and events rather than being on time. -Comfortable with close proximity with family, friends and acquaintances -very tactile, like embraces and handshakes -Value physical presence of others -Politeness and modesty are important. -Large extended family -Needs of the family take precedence over the needs of an individual. -Men are decision makers and wage earners, women are the caretakers and homemakers -Strong church affiliations -Health is viewed as reward from God or good luck -health may be a result of physical and emotional balance -Some use folk medicine -Allow time for client to discuss treatment with family members -Ask permission before touching a child -Alternative methods of healing include herbs, lay healers, restoration of balance with hot or cold foods, prayer and religious medals. -withhold diagnosis or prognosis from client -several family members at dying patients bedside -vocal expressions of grief are acceptable -refuse procedures that alter the body (organ donation, autopsy) -Dying at home = bad luck

-Silence indicates respect for the speaker -eye contact viewed as a sign of disrespect -body language is important - members are oriented to the present time -personal space is important -light touches of the hand in greeting -massage used for newborns to promote bonding between infant and mother. -prohibit touching of a dead body -family oriented -Matriarchal society -grandparents are family leaders -elders are honored -children are taught to respect traditions -Father does all the work outside the home mother assumes domestic duties -sacred myths and legends provide spiritual guidance -health is considered a state of harmony between the individual, family and environment -illness is caused by supernatural forces and disequilibrium between person and environment. -client may be attentive even when eye contact is absent -use body language - obtain input from extended family -encourage client to personalize health care space -In the home assess for running water and modify infection control and hygiene practices as necessary. -Alternative modes of healing include: herbs, restoration of balance between person and universe, traditional healers. -avoid contact with the dying (prefer to die at the hospital)

-Silence is used to show respect or disrespect -Eye contact indicates trust worthiness -Members are usually future oriented -Time is valued BE ON TIME! -Avoid close physical contact -Handshakes are used as greetings -Nuclear family is the basic unit -Man is the dominant figure -Health is viewed as the absence of disease -Rely on modern western health care

-accept biomedical but belief system is often heavily mixed with folk practices -sustained direct eye contact is considered rude, immodest or dangerous. Women and children are susceptible to mal ojo and avoid eye contact -touch is used to neutralized mal ojo -closeness and physical contact are valued in familial situations -Modesty is highly values -Male family members are usually consulted before health care decisions are made -Only wife cares for husbands genitalia if care is being given at home

-Holistic belief system is primary influence. Will accept biomedical interventions for serious illness -eye contact is considered ill mannered and disrespectful -uncomfortable to sit face to face, prefer right angles -Touching is not usual during conversation, regarded as disrespectful and impolite -touching in public of opposite sexes in unacceptable -loyalty and devotion to family is more important that individual feelings -taking care of family members brings honor to the family -Older children have authority over younger ones

-holistic -essential to preserve modesty -use same sex health care providers as much as possible -Always examine a female in the presence of another female -Patient may wish to have doctor consult with Imam when planning care -women don't shake hands with men -women keep head, arms and legs covered -Allow Imam to visit -Allow privacy to pray -Identify muslim patients on chart and bracelet -Post signs to alert male staff to avoid the room with a female muslim patient -decision making unit is the family not the individual -Husband will be consulted in any decisions about family