UConn Nursing 1130 Exam One – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Florence Nightingale
answer
Defined nursing education curriculum by setting up first nursing school in London (1860)
question
Yale University
answer
First US school that had a nursing program for education and NOT need
question
Lillian Wald
answer
Founded many programs: Henry Street Settlement, visiting nurses, Department of Special Needs, Children's Bureau, etc.
question
Mary Breckinridge
answer
Introduced midwives and spread healthcare to rural areas
question
John Snow
answer
Found contaminated water caused cholera
question
Clara Barton
answer
Founder of the American Red Cross (1881) and aided soldiers in civil war
question
Loretta Ford
answer
Co-founder of the nation's first nurse practitioner program and was Dean of Nursing at Rochester University
question
Federal Nursing Training Act of 1964
answer
Gave funding to collegiate nursing programs
question
NINR (National Institute of Nursing Research)
answer
Opened in 1983 to help nurses study at the graduate level
question
The Future of Nursing report
answer
Report in 2010 that used data to support nursing and their higher education
question
What was public health like in the 1700s?
answer
Unsanitary conditions that caused massive outbreaks
question
Endemic
answer
A disease regularly found among people in a certain area
question
Pandemic
answer
An epidemic of infectious disease across a large region, like continents
question
Polio Vaccine
answer
Polio's largest breakout was 1952, and the vaccine was created for it in 1955 (oral version made in 1960)
question
Hospitals in 1820s
answer
"Poorhouses" made to medically serve poor people
question
Pesthouse
answer
Place for people with contagious diseases to stay (quarantine)
question
Where were the first hospitals located?
answer
NYC, Boston, Philadelphia
question
Who owned the first hospitals?
answer
Primarily physicians, and the conditions were terrible
question
Narcotic Control Act of 1929
answer
Hospitals were made for drug addicted patients
question
Change in ER protocols in 1980-90s
answer
ERs now have to screen/stabilize patients regardless of their ability to pay
question
Joint Commission
answer
Issued standards to increase consumer awareness
question
When was the blueprint for insurance established?
answer
1929, laid foundation for BC/BS
question
Who opposed the National Insurance Plan in the 30s?
answer
The AMA
question
When (decade) was the Patient Bill of Rights created?
answer
1970s-80s
question
What happens when Medicare patients return within 30 days of their hospital visit with the same ailment?
answer
Hospital loses reimbursement from the Medicare payments
question
How much of the payment did the first insurance plans cover?
answer
Only the hospital fees to not take money from private physicians
question
What is the DRG?
answer
Developed diagnostic system to control costs for Medicare reimbursement
question
How does the DRG work?
answer
It breaks ailments from 20 major body systems into 500 different groups for reimbursement
question
Who does the SSA insurance cover?
answer
People in older age
question
What does COBRA do?
answer
Requires employers to provide some coverage to terminated employees
question
What does FMLA do?
answer
Allows employees up to 12 weeks unpaid leave due to family illnesses
question
What does HIPAA do?
answer
Makes it easier to carry insurance while switching jobs and increases patient confidentiality
question
What is CHIP?
answer
Children's Health Insurance Program
question
Who was the first state to mandate that all its citizens carry insurance?
answer
Massachusetts
question
What does the ACA do?
answer
Made it illegal for insurance companies to rescind insurance on sick individuals; can't impose limits on essential benefits
question
What are the three levels of "government" healthcare?
answer
Federal, state, local
question
What are some examples of health agencies?
answer
CDC, CMS, FDA, CMHS, AHRQ
question
What does the iron triangle consist of?
answer
Quality, access, and cost
question
What is the OECD?
answer
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; stimulates economic progress and world trade in 34 countries
question
Around how many uninsured Americans are there?
answer
41,000,000
question
Which groups are more likely to be uninsured?
answer
Colored people and adults
question
What is Title One about?
answer
Affordability and Accessibility to Healthcare
question
What is Title Two about?
answer
The Role of Public Programs: Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP
question
What is Title Three about?
answer
Improving Quality and Efficiency of Care
question
What is Title Four about?
answer
Prevention of Chronic Disease and Improving Public Health
question
What is Title Five about?
answer
Healthcare Workforce
question
What is Title Six about?
answer
Transparency and Program Integrity
question
What is Title Seven about?
answer
Improving Access to Innovative Therapies
question
What is Title Eight about?
answer
Community Living Assistance Services and Supports (CLASS)
question
What is Title Nine about?
answer
Revenue Provisions
question
What is Title Ten about?
answer
Strengthening Quality Affordable Care
question
To achieve the three aims of the NQS, what are the six priorities?
answer
Reducing harm in delivery of care Each person is engaged in their care Promoting communication Promoting most effective prevention and treatment Work with communities Make care more affordable
question
What are the three main aims of the National Quality Strategy?
answer
Better care, healthy people and communities, and affordable care
question
What are the five largest areas of health care costs?
answer
Hospital care, physician/clinician services, prescription drugs, nursing expenditures, and home health care expenditures
question
How does legislation target the five areas of high healthcare costs?
answer
Increasing quality assurance and providing reimbursement, providing accessibility regarding quality of their health, and increasing access
question
What are some consequences of being under/uninsured?
answer
Worse access to care, less likely to receive preventative care, more likely to be hospitalized and charged more
question
What are some examples of essential health benefits insurance companies must offer?
answer
EMS, ambulatory, hospitalization (surg.), maternity/newborn, mental health, prescription drugs, labs, rehab, peds, chronic disease management
question
What is the consequence of not having insurance under the ACA?
answer
Billed fees per year, increasing in cost with each year
question
Who does the ACA uninsured fee not affect?
answer
The insured, very low income, certain religious sects, and federally recognized Indian tribes
question
What are Cadillac taxes?
answer
Taxes on generous insurance plans in an effort to get more money to employees; would generate 91 billion in 10 years
question
How far (%) does Medicaid cover beneath the FPL (Federal Poverty Line)?
answer
133%
question
What does PCORI (Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute) do?
answer
Compares outcomes of disease treatment to aid doctors, patients, and policymakers in improving healthcare outcomes
question
Why was the National Prevention Council established?
answer
To develop a national health prevention strategy
question
What are the strategic directions of the National Prevention Strategy?
answer
Healthy and safe communities, clinical and community preventive services, empowered people, and elimination of health disparities
question
Why was the National Health Care Workforce Commission established?
answer
To review healthcare workforce and projected needs
question
What is the Elder Justice Act?
answer
An act to prevent and eliminate elder patient abuse which targets abuse, neglect, and exploitation of the elderly
question
What is "greying of population"?
answer
The population gets progressively older, therefore there will be more disease and difficulty
question
What percent of older Americans experience elder abuse?
answer
At least 10%
question
Where are victims of elder abuse more likely to end up?
answer
Three times more likely to wind up in a hospital and four times more likely to end up in a nursing home
question
What happened to the CLASS insurance program?
answer
Found not to be a viable service and was repealed
question
According to Title Nine, how do employees know the value of their insurance program?
answer
Employers report the value of their health insurance benefit coverage on their W-2 form
question
What is the ACA "cafeteria plan" system?
answer
Allows employees to choose different benefits based on their lifestyle; more cost effective
question
To strengthen quality affordable care, what websites were developed?
answer
Physician Compare, Nursing Home Compare, and The Cures Acceleration Network
question
What is some of the information the Physician Compare website provides?
answer
Contact info, education, languages spoken, gender, specialty, Medicare acceptance, and sponsor hospital
question
What is some of the information the Nursing Home Compare website provides?
answer
Quality measures (# residents with bed sores, incontinence), quality of care and staffing information, and the facilities' inspection records from the past three years
question
What does the Cures Acceleration Network do?
answer
Works to reduce time to move new drugs and therapies to market, advances development of high-need cures, funds/addresses scientific and technical changes
question
What does the future of the ACA look like?
answer
Trump's vision of "insurance for all"
question
What are the ANA's three main principles for health system transformation?
answer
Ensure universal access to a standard package of essential healthcare services to all, optimize privacy while supporting cost-effectiveness, encourage mechanisms to stimulate economical use of health care services for all, and ensure a sufficient workforce
question
What does the ANA's principle for the health system include?
answer
An essential benefits package, prohibition of coverage denial due to pre-existing conditions, inclusion of kids on parents' insurance until 26, and expansion of Medicaid
question
What would change for Indian tribes if the ACA was repealed?
answer
A portion of the law might be cut that provides federal funding for tribal health care around the country
question
What does the ACA require for expectant/new mothers?
answer
Workplaces must have a dedicated lactation room that isn't the bathroom and provide breastfeeding equipment with no co-pay
question
What changed about habilitative care when the ACA was put in place?
answer
Skills that weren't originally there can be treated now, ex. speech therapy for a child who never learned to speak
question
Around what percent of the GDP does healthcare expenditures comprise?
answer
Around 17.5%, the highest of the world
question
Who are some of the major stakeholders in the healthcare industry?
answer
Consumers, employers, hospitals, nursing and residential care facilities, nurses and other healthcare professionals, home healthcare services,outpatient care centers, labs, government, insurance companies, educational and training organizations, research organizations, professional associations, and pharmaceutical companies
question
What is the principle of duty to treat?
answer
Any person deserves basic care
question
What is charitable care?
answer
Provider does not expect payment after the person's inability to pay has been determined
question
What is bad debt?
answer
Efforts to secure payment have failed
question
Where does the healthcare industry rank on how many people it employs?
answer
It's the largest U.S. employer
question
Are hospitals more inpatient or outpatient care based?
answer
Inpatient
question
What are two of the three nursing/residential care facilities?
answer
Elderly in assisted living, children in group homes, and drug rehabilitation centres
question
Who provides the majority of care in nursing facilities/homes?
answer
Nursing aides
question
What are some CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) practitioners?
answer
Yoga, chiropractor, and acupuncturists
question
What is the purpose of NCCAM (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)?
answer
To explore CAM practices, train CAM researchers, and disseminate information
question
What is home telehealthcare?
answer
Healthcare delivered to patients in their homes in part by telecommunication devices like a phone and a telecommunication-ready monitor, like a bp cuff
question
What is mHealth?
answer
The use of computers and phones for health services and information
question
Which federal department is in charge of approving drugs for human use?
answer
The FDA
question
What are some examples of outpatient care centres?
answer
Kidney dialysis centres, mental health and substance abuse clinics, and surgical/emergency centres
question
What are some examples of ambulatory health services?
answer
Transport services, blood and organ banks, and smoking cessation programs
question
What is Tricare?
answer
Gives care to members of the military and their dependents
question
What is the name of the major professional nursing association?
answer
ANA (American Nursing Association)
question
What does the ANA do?
answer
Advance the nursing profession for all
question
What are some examples of working environments?
answer
Hospitals, outpatient centres, schools, churches, labs, prisons, and physician offices
question
Where do healthcare providers rank in the injury/illness scale?
answer
One of the highest, with nurses and nursing assistants at the highest injury rate of all occupations
question
Around what percent of ER patients were admitted in 2015?
answer
Around 9.3%
question
What are the life expectancy trends for the US?
answer
The life expectancy rates are increasing/living longer
question
Why is life expectancy trending the way it is?
answer
Improving health care, lifestyle changes, and increased public health education
question
How do we compare regarding life expectancy to other countries?
answer
Lower than Spain and Switzerland, but higher than Mexico
question
How does education affect life expectancy?
answer
Higher education increases life expectancy by around 6 years
question
What is the US' infant mortality rate?
answer
It's around 5/1000, which is higher than Iceland etc. but lower than India
question
Roughly how many people die per year due to tobacco use?
answer
6,000,000, 10% of those deaths are from second hand smoke
question
What has caused a decline in tobacco use?
answer
Public health campaigns, smoke-free-environment policies, and increased price of tobacco products
question
Roughly how many deaths does alcohol cause worldwide per year?
answer
Around 3,300,000
question
What is alcohol use associated with?
answer
Cirrhosis of the liver, strokes, MVAs, violence, suicide, and reduced work productivity
question
Roughly what percent of adults in the US are overweight or obese?
answer
Roughly 53.8% for the US (Japan's the lowest at 3.7%)
question
How many children are overweight in the US?
answer
Around 1 in 3
question
How did Michelle Obama intend to fight back against childhood obesity?
answer
Empowering parents, serving to healthier school lunches, access to healthier food options, and increasing physical activity
question
What's the most common type of brain disorder that diminishes cognitive function?
answer
Alzheimer's
question
Only three nations in the OECD do NOT have Universal healthcare. Which are they?
answer
Greece, Poland, and the United States
question
What is the US satisfaction rate with healthcare?
answer
80.9%, lower than the OECD average of 85%
question
What are some of the factors in the patient satisfaction rate with United States healthcare?
answer
Communication with providers, time spent, clarity of explanations, and opportunities to ask questions about care
question
What does the QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses) do?
answer
Addresses the challenge of preparing future nurses to improve the quality and safety of their healthcare systems
