Chapter 4 Workbook [hartmann Nursing Assistant Care – Flashcards
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The largest organ and system in the body is:
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The skin
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Skin prevents_______ to internal organs
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Injury
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Skin also prevents the loss of too much______ which is essential to life
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Water
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The skin is also a ______ organ that feels heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure
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Sense
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Blood vessels_________ or widen, when the outside temperature is too high
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Dilate
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Blood vessels__________ or narrow, when the outside temperature is too cold
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Constrict
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Normal or Sign: Thinning Skin
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Normal
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Normal or Signs: Bruises
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Sign
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Normal or Signs: Cut in Skin
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: Wrinkles
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: Brown Spots
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Normal
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Normal or Sign :Thinning of fatty tissue
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Normal
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Normal or Sign:Flaking skin
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Sign
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Normal or Sign:Thinning Skin
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Normal
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Normal or Sign:Less elastic skin
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: Reddened Skin
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Sign
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Normal or Sign:Swollen Skin
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: Gray Hair
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Normal
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Normal or Sign:Orange-peel look or skin
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Sign
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The body is shaped by
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muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.
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The human body has_______ bones
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206
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Bones _______ the body's organs
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Protect
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Two _____meet at a joint.
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Bones
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Muscles allow ___________
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movement of body parts
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Range of motion exercises help______
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Prevent problems related to immobility
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Atrophy occurs when the muscle _________
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Weakens, decreases in size, and wastes away.
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Falls can be prevented by ______
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Keeping paths clear no keeping walkers or canes within easy reach
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Normal or Sign:Bruising on Skin
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: Weakening of Muscles
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: loss of muscle tone
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: Change in ability to do routine movements or ROM exercises
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: Loss of bone density
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: Increased brittleness of bones
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: aches ; Pains
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: Loss of height
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Normal
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Normal or Sign:pain during movement
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Sign
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Normal or Sign:increased swelling of joints
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: white, shiny, and worn area over a joint
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Sign
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Normal or Sign:Slowing or body movement
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Normal
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Arthritis is a general term referring to _________ of the joints
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Swelling
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What happens with an autoimmune illness?
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The immune system attacks normal tissue in the body
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Osteoarthritis is common in
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The elderly
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If an NA sees NWB on a residents car plan, the resident ________
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Is unable to support any weight on one or both legs
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Which side should residents recovering from hip replacements dress first?
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Affected (weaker side)
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Fractures are broken bones and are often caused by
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Osteoarthritis
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What kind of pillow immobilizes and positions the hips and lower extremities after a hip replacement?
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An abduction pillow
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Which of the following statements is true of a knee replacement?
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A knee replacement can help restore motion to the knee.
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The nervous system
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Controls and coordinates body functions
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The two main parts of the nervous system are
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Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
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Normal or Sign: inability to move one side of the body
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: depression
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Sign
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Normal or Sign:fatigue with movement
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: shaking
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Sign
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Normal or Sign:Decreased sense of heat and cold
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Sign
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Normal or Sign:slurred speech
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: decreased ability to perform ADLs
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: slower responses and reflexes
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: trouble swallowing
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: confusion
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: decrease sensitivity of nerve endings in skin
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: violent behavior
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: violent behavior
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: minor short term memory loss
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: changes in vision or hearing
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Sign
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Residents with paralysis or loss of movement
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Need physical therapy
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Leg exercises help
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Improve circulation
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When helping with transfers or ambulation,
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The NA should stand on the resident's stronger side
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The NA should always use a fair belt for safety when
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Helping a resident who has had a stroke to walk
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Gestures are important in
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communicating with a resident who has had a stroke
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Residents who suffer confusion or memory loss due to a stroke may feel more secure if
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The NA keeps a routine of care
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Residents with a loss of sensation
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could easily but themselves
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The NA should an questions that CNA be answered with
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A yes or no when communicating with a resident who has had a stroke
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Parkinson's disease is a progressive disease that causes
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A section of the brain to degenerate
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Parkinson's disease causes a
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shuffling gait and a mask life facial expression
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Multiple sclerosis causes the protective ______ for the nerves, spinal cord, and white mater of the brain to break down over time
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Covering
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For a person with MA, nerves cannot send
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Messages
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Symptoms of MS include_____vision, fatigue, tremors, Poe balance, and trouble walking
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Blurred
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The NA should offer _______ periods a necessary for residents with MS.
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Resting
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He NA should give residents plenty of time to ________because people with MS down have trouble forming their thoughts.
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Resting
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The NA should give residents plenty of time to _______because people with MS often have trouble forming their own thoughts
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Communicate
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_______can worsen the effects of MS so the NA should remain calm and listen to residents when they want to talk
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Stress
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The effects of a spinal cord injury
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Depend on the location of the injury and the force of impact
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The higher the injury on the spinal cord,
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The greater loss of function will be
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Paraplegia is a
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Loss of function of the lower body and legs.
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Residents with head or spinal cord injuries will need
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Emotional support as well as physical help.
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People with spinal cord injuries may
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not feel burns because of loss of sensation
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The NA should help residents change positions at least
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every two hours to prevent pressure ulcers
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The circulatory system is made up of
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The heart, blood, and blood vessels
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The blood carries
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Food, oxygen, and other substances cells needed to function
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The circulatory system removes
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Waste products from cells.
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Normal or Sign: severe headache
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Sign
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Normal or Sign heart pumps less efficiently
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: chest pain
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: swelling of hands or feet
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: changes in pulse rate
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: pale or bluish hands or feet
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: fatigue
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: shortness of breath
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Sign
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What are three possible causes of hypertension?
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Kidney disease, tumors of the adrenal glands and pregnancy
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) lowers _______
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the supply of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart and can lead to heart attack or stroke
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The heart needs _______ oxygen when the body is at rest
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less
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The pain of Angina Pectoris is usually described as
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pressure or tightness in the left side of the chest
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A person suffering from angina pectoris may
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sweat, look pale, and have trouble.
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If a person with CAD rests,
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it helps the blood flow return to normal
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Residents with CAD may need
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to avoid heavy meals and intenses exercise
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What are five guidelines for recovering from a myocardial infarction
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Exercise, Low-fat/cholesterol/sodium diet, Medication, Quit Smoking,Stress Management
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Congestive heart failure can be treated and controlled with
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Medication
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Medications help remove excess_______
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fluids, which means more trips to the bathroom
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Limited activity or___________
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may be prescribed for CHF patients
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Residents may need to be _____
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weighed at the same time every day
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Extra pillows may help
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residents who have trouble breathing
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A common side effect of CHF medication is
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dizziness
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Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a condition in which the legs,feet, arms, or hands do not have enough
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Blood circulation
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PVD is caused by
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fatty deposits in blood vessels
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Respiration occurs in
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the lungs
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Expiration is_____
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breathing out
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The respiratory system brings
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oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide
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Regular exercise and______
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deep breathing should be encouraged
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Normal or Sign: Decreased lung strength and capacity
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: discolored sputum
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: Need to sit after mild exertion
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: Shallow breathing
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Sign
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Normal or Sign:Pale or bluish lips, arms, or legs
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Sign
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Normal or Sign: Weaker voice
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Normal
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Normal or Sign: Coughing or wheezing
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sign
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Normal or Sign: nasal congestion
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sign
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Normal or Sign: change in respiratory rate
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sign
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Residents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have difficulty with
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breathing
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A common fear of a person who has COPD is
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not being able to breathe
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The best position for a resident with COPD is
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sitting upright
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Part of the NA's role in caring for a resident with COPD includes
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being calm and supportive
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Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are grouped under
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD
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Two vital functions of the urinary system are
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eliminating waste and maintaining water balance
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Two functions of the gastrointestinal system are
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digestion and elimination
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Upright
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keeping the body in this position during sleep may help when a person has gastroesophageal reflux disease
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Hemorrhoids
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enlarged veins in the rectum that causes itching and burning
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Fiber
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Treatment fo constipation often includes increasing the amount of this eaten
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Stoma
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an artificial opening in the body
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The frequent elmination of liquid semi-liquid feces
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Diarrhea
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Abbreviation for gastroesophageal reflux disease
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GERD
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The endocrine system is made up of
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glands
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hormones
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are chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions
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As a person ages, the body is less able to handle
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stress
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Diabetes is a condition in which the pancreas does not produce enough or properly use
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insulin
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Sugars collecting in the blood cause problems with
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circulation
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Type 1 Diabetes
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continues throughout a person's life
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Changes in the circulatory system from diabetes can cause
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heart attack and stroke
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The most common form of diabetes is
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Type 2 Diabetes
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Poor circulation and impaired wound healing may result in
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Gangrene
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What condition occurs when a person's blood glucose level is above normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?
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Pre-diabetes
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Careful foot care is
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vitally important for people with diabetes
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The reproductive system allows humans to
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create human life
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The male and female sex glands are called
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gonads
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The end of menstrual periods in females is called
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menopause
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Vaginitis can be caused by
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bacteria, protozoa, or fungi
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The immune system protects the body from disease causing
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bacteria, viruses, and organisms
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Nonspecific immunity
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protects the body from disease in general
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Specific Immunity
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protects against a disease that is invading the body at a given time
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The lymphatic system removes excess
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fluids and waste products from the tissues
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Lymph is a
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clear yellow fluid that carries disease-fighting cells called lymphocytes
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Care for the person who has HIV or AIDS should focus on
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providing relief of symptoms and preventing infection
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If a resident with AIDS has a poor appetite, the nursing assistant (NA) should
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serve familiar and favorite foods
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Residents who have AIDs and have infections of the mouth amy need to eat food that is
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low in acid
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A resident with AIDs who has nausea and vomiting should
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eat high-fat foods
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Fluids are important for residents who have diarrhea because
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Diarrhea rapidly depletes the body of fluids
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The following is help[ful ind ealign with numbness, tingling, and pain in the feet
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using a bed cradle
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If a resident with cancer is experiencing pain,t he Na should
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assist with comfort measures
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Which of the following would be the best response by the NA if a resident with cancer expresses fear and concern about her condition?
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"I understand you're scared. Do you feel like talking?"
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To help promote good nutrition for a resident with cancer the NA should do the following:
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serve favorite foods that are nutritious
