Lifespan Ch. 19 & 20 – Flashcards
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involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one's life has not been well spent
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erikson's integrity vs. despair
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looking back at one's life experiences, evaluating them, and interpreting/reinterpreting them
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life review
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discussing past activities and experiences with another individual or group
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reminiscence therapy
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could involve educational, careers, marriages, finance/money, family conflict/children's problems, loss and grief, and health -downward social comparisons
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regrets
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the more active and involved older are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives
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activity theory
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older adults become more selective about their social networks, spending more time with individuals with whom they have had rewarding relationships
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socioemotional selectivity theory
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emotional; knowledge-related
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as older adults perceive that they have less time left, they spend more time pursing _____________ satisfaction as compared to ____________ satisfaction
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careful, more organized and easy going person -low levels predicts earlier death -high levels related to higher mortality risk
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conscientiousness
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-being widowed, institutionalized, or physically impaired -having a low religious commitment -declining health
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reasons for self-esteem decline
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what individuals might become, what they would like to become, and what they are afraid of becoming
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possible selves
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prejudice against others because of their age
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ageism
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-economy -cost of health care --> eldercare -generational inequity -income concerns -living arrangements -technology access
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policy issues in aging society
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true
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t/f: older adults who are married of partnered are usually happier and live longer than those who are single
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date
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an increased number of older adults ____
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daughters
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adult ____________ are more likely to be involved in the lives of aging parents
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new; close; new
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in late adulthood, _____ friendships are less likely to be forged and ______ friends are chosen over ____ friends
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security; anxiety
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attachment ____________ is associated with greater psychological and physical well-being than attachment __________
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individuals go through life embedded in a personal network of individuals to whom they give and from when they receive social support
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convoy model of social relations
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1. health 2. security 3. kinship/support - family and community resources
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factors for living the good life
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1. have valuable knowledge 2. control key family/community resources 3. engage in useful valued functions as long as possible 4. role continuity 5. aged-related role changes that give greater responsibility, authority, and advisory capacity 6. extended family 7. respect for older adults
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factors to predict high status for older adults
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result of: -proper diet -active lifestyle -mental stimulation and flexibility -positive coping skills -good social relationships and support -absence of disease -a sense of self-efficacy
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successful aging
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integration
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the less ___________, the more chance of coronary heart disease in older adults
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associated with positive outcomes like constructive activities and productive roles, social integration and enhanced meaningfulness
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volunteering
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feminine; masculine
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older men often become more __________ but women do not necessarily become more __________
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true
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t/f: in most societies, death is not viewed as the end of existence; the spiritual body is believed to live on
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78 years
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life expectancy today
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80
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____% of deaths in the US today occur in institutions or hospitals
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when all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time -flat EEG
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brain death
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process of patients thinking about and communicating their preferences about end-of-life care
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advanced care planning
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a legal document that reflects the patient's advanced care planning
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living will
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states that life-sustaining procedures shall not be used to prolong their lives when death is imminent
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advanced directive
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the act of painlessly ending the lives of individuals who are suffering from an incurable disease or severe disability
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euthansia
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treatment is withheld
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passive euthansia
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death is deliberately induced
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active euthansia
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involves physical comfort, support from loved ones, acceptances, and appropriate medical care
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good death
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a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible -usually at home -emphasizes palliative care
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hospice
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1. make a living will 2. give someone power of attorney 3. give doctors specific instructions 3. discuss with family whether or not you want to die at home 4. check insurance to see if it covers home care or hospice
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avoiding pain at the end of life
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reducing pain and suffering, helping individuals die with dignity
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palliative care
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young children think the dead can be brought back to life; older children view death as universal and irreversible
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child attitude toward death
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death = remote and may be avoided, glossed over, or kidded about -death off loved ones brings it to the forefront -more abstract conceptions than children
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adolescent attitude toward death
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older fear death more than younger; forced to examine the meanings of life and death more frequently
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adult attitude toward death
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-privacy and autonomy in regard to their families -inadequate info. about physical changes and medication as death approached -motivation to shorten their life
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areas of concern w/ death
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1. denial and isolation; denies that he or she is going to die 2. anger; why me? 3. bargaining; hope that death can be postponed 4. depression; withdrawal, crying, grief 5. acceptance; sense of peace
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kubler-ross's stages of dying
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50; 20
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more than ____% of americans die in hospitals and nearly ____% die in nursing homes
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may be an adaptive strategy for remaining alert and cheerful
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perceived control
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insulates and allows one to avoid coping with intense feelings of anger and hurt
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denial
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-can close their lives in accord with their own ideas about proper dying -they may be able to compute plans and projects and make arrangements and decisions -they have the opportunity to reminisce and converse with others -they have more understanding of what is happening to them
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open communication
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emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love
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grief
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difficulty moving on with their life, grief that involves enduring despair and remains unresolved over an extended period of time
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prolonged grief
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an individual's grief involving a deceased person that is a socially ambiguous loss that can't be openly mourned or supported
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disenfranchised grief
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focus on the deceased individual
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loss-oriented stressors
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secondary stressors that emerge as indirect outcomes of bereavement
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restoration-oriented stressors
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loss; restoration
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effective coping involves oscillation between coping with _____ and coping with _____________
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reliving
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a ____________ of the events leading to the death is common
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widowed
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_________ women are probably the poorest group in america
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2/3; 1/3
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approximately _____ are buried and ____ cremated
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privately
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in the US, funerals are conducted ___________ and are followed by a memorial ceremony
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meal; black armband
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in some cultures, a ceremonial ______ is shared after a death, while in others a ______ __________ is worn by bereaved family members for a year following a death
