Primal Religions/Lakota Review – Flashcards
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Most important point about primal religions
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They are non-literate
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Sacred Texts for Primal Religions
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None only Oral Traditions
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Animism
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Belief of primal religions that everything has a soul
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Taboos
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Primal religion way to discourage certain behaviors
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Sacrifice rituals
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Important to primal religions by helping tribe to survive.
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Non-Theistic
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Primal religions believe a Great Deity may have created the world but is not worshipped or believed to be personally involved with people
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Totem
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Symbol for Primal Religions that serve as a tribe emblem or connection to a particular item
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Tricksters
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Primal religions gods or demons who cause trouble among tribe members just to see reactions
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Shaman
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Important figure in Primal Religions - the tribe's "Medicine Man"
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Lakota Creation story
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World is destroyed by rain because of sinfulness. Great Creator creates new world and gives people "Sacred pipe"
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Animals involved in Lakota Creation story
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Loon, Otter, Beaver and Turtle - Turtle most important
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Lakota Creation story similarities to Catholic Creation story
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God/Creator God creates new world after flooding old one due to sin, God creates people out of mud, people are given guidance - Lakota: sacred pipe, People in Bible are given Ten Commandments and Holy Spirit
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Lakota Sacred Number
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Four
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Chanupa Wakan
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Sacred pipe given to Lakota to guide them by White Buffalo Calf Maiden
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Wicasa Wakan
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Lakota medicine man; assists in all Lakota rituals
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Wakan
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Lakota word for sacred
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Wakantanka
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Lakota word for Great Mystery or God
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Wachishu
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Lakota word for white person
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Spirit Path
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Path Lakota souls (ni) walk if judged to have lived a good life (The Milky Way)
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Lakota
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Native American tribe whose name means "alliance of friends"
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Sioux
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Name for Lakota meaning "treacherous snakes" that was given to them by their enemies the Ojibwe
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Black Hills
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Most sacred space for Lakota where Creator put all parts of his song for creating the world
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Lakota cardinal virtues
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Wisdom, selflessness, fortitude, generosity
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Lakota code of ethics
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Lakota Cardinal Virtues
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"Walk in Beauty"
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Lakota way of living in harmony with world and himself
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Qualities of Wakantanka
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Omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, Non-theistic
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Most sacred animal for Lakota
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Ta-tanka (buffalo)
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Manitu-tanka
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Lakota word for wolf, another sacred animal
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Lakota Medicine Wheel
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Sacred cycle of all things
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Reasons for Lakota Medicine Wheel
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Serves as a calendar, has a meditative function, represents all knowledge of universe
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Center of Medicine Wheel
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Creator Stone which represents Wakantanka
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Symbol of Wakantanka
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Eagle feathers
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Nagi
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Lakota's essence or spirit that consists of four parts
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Ni
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Lakota essence that is personality of person and is judged at death
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What happens after a Lakotan dies?
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Ni is judged by old woman; if pure, the ni continues to walk along Great Path to meet up with ancestors along the Spirit Path, if not pure the ni returns to earth as a ghost
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Do the Lakota believe in reincarnation?
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Yes, the remaining parts of a person's essence or spirit is reborn into the tribe
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Information related to East Quadrant of Lakota Medicine Wheel
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Eagle or hawk is sacred animal; Sunrise, morning, Spring, birth/child
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Information related to Sout Quadrant of Lakota Medicine Wheel
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Coyote or wolf is sacred animal; Noon, Mid-day, Summer, Youth (adolescence)
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Information related to West Quadrant of Lakota Medicine Wheel
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Grizzly Bear is sacred animal; late afternoon/evening, The Fall, Middle Ages - mid life
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Information related to North Quadrant of Lakota Medicine Wheel
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White Buffalo is sacred animal; Night, Winter, senior citizens
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Virtues associated with East Quadrant of Lakota Medicine Wheel
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Illumination, Wisdom, clarity
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Virtues associated with South Quadrant of Lakota Medicine Wheel
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Love, trust, growth
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Virtues associated with West Quadrant of Lakota Medicine Wheel
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Strength, Experience, Introspection
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Virtues associated with North Quadrant of Lakota Medicine Wheel
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Cleansing, Renewal or purity
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Wiwanyag Wachipi
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Lakota sun dance ritual
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Inipi
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Lakota ritual that involves purification
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Hanbleceyapi
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Vision Quest ritual for Lakota
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Ishna Ta Awi Cha Lowan
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Female purity rite for Lakota
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Nagi Gluhapi
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Lakota Ritual regarding death and transition of deceased into Spirit World
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Hunkapi
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Lakota ritual that builds community through sharing of meal
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Tapa Wanka Yap
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Lakota ritual that involves competition - "throwing of the ball"
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Always present at Lakota rituals
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Chanupa wakan and Wicasa Wakan
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What happens in Inipi Ritual?
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Person builds a sweat lodge to simulate a return to womb to purify body and mind of Lakota Indian
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What elements in Inipi ritual symbolize Wakantanka
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Water, fire and rocks used to create steam needed for ritual
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What happens in Hanbleceyapi?
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Person fasts for three or four days up high, no food or water, minimal clothes to produce a vision to guide an individual
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What do all Lakota rituals try to do?
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Recreate the life and death moments that symbolize separating of earth and sky; brings person closer to Wakantanka
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Which ritual is performed before Sundance?
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Hanbleceyapi must be performed first
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Purpose of Wiwanyag Wacipi?
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Indian freely chooses to suffer for the good of tribe, often to receive a vision to guide the tribe
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What happens in Wiwanyag Wacipi?
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An Indian is pierced in the chest and attached to a rope tied to a wooden pole and dances around the pole for four days fasting from food and drink. Suffering leads to vision for tribe.
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Lakota ritual that involves vicarious suffering?
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Wiwanyag Wacipi (The Sun Dance)
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Ritual often performed before the hunt
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Hanbleceyapi (Crying for a vision)
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Roles of Lakota women
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Responsible for raising children, taking care of house (tipi), food gatheres
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why Lakota women are equal to men
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They give birth, have visions or dreams, role of women in Lakota myths
