Health Chapter 18 – Flashcards
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defensive medicine
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the use of medical practices designed to avert the possibility of malpractice suits in the future
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allopathic medicine
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conventional, Western medical practice; in theory, based on scientifically validated methods and procedures
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evidence-based practice
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decisions regarding patient care based on clinical expertise, patient values, and current best scientific evidence
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primary care practitioner (PCP)
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a medical practitioner who treats routine ailments, advises on preventive care, gives general medical advice, and makes appropriate referrals when necessary
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osteopath
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general practitioner who receives training similar to a medical doctor's but with an emphasis on the skeletal and muscular systems; often uses spinal manipulation as part of treatment
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ophthamologist
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physician who specializes in the medical and surgical care of the eyes, including prescriptions for glasses
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optometrist
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eye specialist whose practice is limited to prescribing and fitting lenses
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dentist
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specialist who diagnoses and treats diseases of the teeth, gums, and oral cavity
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nurse
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health professional who provides many services for patients and who may work in a variety of settings
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nurse practitioner
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professional nurse with advanced training obtained through either a master's degree program or a specialized NP program
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physician assistant
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a mid level practitioner trained to handle most standard cases of care under the supervision of a physician
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complementary medicine
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treatment used in conjunction with conventional medicine
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alternative medicine
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treatment used in place of conventional medicine
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holistic
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relating to or concerned with the whole body and the interactions of systems, rather than treatment of individual parts
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alternative (whole) medical systems
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complete systems of theory and practice that involve several CAM domains
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traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
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ancient comprehensive system of healing that uses herbs, acupuncture, and massage to bring the body into balance and to remove blockages of vital energy flow that lead to disease
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qi
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element of traditional Chinese medicine that refers to the vital energy force that courses through the body; when it is in balance, health is restored
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Ayurveda (Ayurvedic medicine)
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a comprehensive system of medicine, derived largely from ancient India, that places equal emphasis on the body, mind, and spirit, and strives to restore the body's innate harmony through diet, exercise, meditation, herbs, massage, exposure to sunlight, and controlled breathing
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homeopathic medicine
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unconventional Western system of medicine based on the principle that "like cures like"
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naturopathic medicine
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system of medicine originating from Europe that views disease as a manifestation of alterations in the body's natural self-healing processes, and that emphasizes health restoration as well as disease treatment
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manipulative and body-based practices
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treatments involving manipulation or movement of one of more body parts
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chiropractic medicine
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manipulation of the spine to allow proper energy flow
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energy medicine
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therapies using energy fields, such as magnetic fields or biofields
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acupuncture
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branch of traditional Chinese medicine that uses the insertion of long, thin needles to affect flow of energy (qi) along pathways (meridians) within the body
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acupressure
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branch of traditional Chinese medicine that uses application of pressure to selected body points to balance energy
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mind-body medicine
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techniques designed to enhance the mind's ability to affect bodily functions and symptoms
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biologically based practices
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treatments using substances found in nature, such as herbs, special diets, or vitamin megadoses
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nutraceuticals
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term often used interchangeably with functional foods; refers to the combined nutritional and pharmaceutical benefit derived through use of foods or food supplements
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generic drugs
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medications marketed by chemical names rather than brand name
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tinctures
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herbal extracts usually combined with grain alcohol to prevent spoilage
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managed care
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cost-control procedures used by health insurers to coordinate treatment
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capitation
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prepayment of a fixed monthly amount for reach patient without regard to the type or number of services provided
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diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)
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diagnostic categories established by the federal government to determine in advance how much hospitals will be reimbursed for the care of a particular Medicare patient
