question

To treat and manage disease, prevent complications, restore health through appropriate diet

answer

What is the goal of diet therapy

question

Through a physicians order

answer

How is the diet therapy obtained

question

Food and Fluid intake should be monitored; Weight Gain or loss; Percentage of meals eaten; and Ability to tolerate the diet should be included in documentation

answer

What factors Can assist in goals by a complete nutritional assessment

question

Have paralysis of the arms; Visually impaired Have IV line in their hand or arm; and Severely impaired or weak

answer

What type of patients need assistance with food

question

NPO

answer

What type of diet is usually prescribed for Pre operative patients

question

Clear liquid diet

answer

What type of diet is usually prescribed for Post operative patients

question

no food/drink 6 to 8 hours before procedure

answer

what are the NPO standard for Pre-operative patients

question

risk of vomiting while under anesthesia which could lead to aspiration of stomach contents.

answer

What are the risks if a patient doesn't follow NPO pre-operatively

question

Clear liquid diet

answer

What type of diet is usually prescribed for Post operative patients

question

when the patient can tolerate them without nausea, or abdominal discomfort; and once the patient has passed gas.

answer

When are solids usually added and prescribed post operative

question

Grape, Apple, and Cranberry Juice

answer

Clear liquid diet

question

part of a clear liquid diet

answer

Strained Fruit Juice is considered to be

question

part of a clear liquid diet

answer

Vegetable Broth, Clear broth, Carbonated Water, Clear fruit flavored drinks, Coffee and Tea

question

Jello, popsicles, clear candies

answer

Clear liquid diet

question

Introduce fluids with low residue: remains after digestion • easily digested• low risk of causing abdominal discomfort

answer

Factors why a clear liquid diet would be introduced

question

can cause injury to surgical incision

answer

What risk factors are associated with abdominal stress post operative

question

small amounts of protein and electrolytes

answer

Why would Bouillons (broth) be a choice over jello

question

Clear carbonated drinks such as lime soda or ginger ale

answer

What kind of carbonated drinks are acceptable

question

Full liquid diet

answer

What type of diet is usually prescribed for Post operative patients once a liquid diet has been tolerated

question

Long Term

answer

Full liquid diet can usually be used

question

Milk and milk beverages, cream, butter, margerines, Yogart, eggnog, pudding, Custard and ice cream, Sherbet, Popsicles

answer

Full liquid diet

question

part of a Full liquid diet

answer

Pureed meats and veggies in cream soup; Strained Fruit Juice; Veg. Juice are considered to be

question

part of a Full liquid diet

answer

Sweetened plain gelatin; Cooked refined cereals; Strained or blended gruel and Other Beverages are considered to be

question

are low in fiber, and foods have a soft consistency

answer

Soft Diets are typically

question

Diet includes: eggs, breads without seeds, boiled or mashed potatoes, soups, fruits, juices, tender cooked vegetables, ground or softly cooked meats, cooked cereals, and milk products.

answer

Foods that part of a Soft Diet

question

no specific diet, has no specific restrictions unless required because of a patients specific disease process.

answer

A General Diet has

question

mental disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain a normal minimum body weight, or becoming obsess, and a severe disturbance in body image.

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Anorexia Nervosa is a

question

Prevalent among adolescent and young women obsessed with being thin and Are extremely underweight

answer

Anorexia Nervosa

question

May refuse to eat, or food intake is dangerously low

answer

Anorexia Nervosa

question

Anorexia Nervosa

answer

What Disorder can be fatal if not corrected

question

patient must have the willingness to remain in psychological therapy and follow nutritional recommendations to achieve treatment success

answer

Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa states that

question

an eating disorder characterized by episodic binge, eating

answer

Bulimia is

question

Purging, fasting, and the Use of laxatives and excessive exercise

answer

Behaviors associated with Bulimia to prevent weight gain are

question

PUD, Esophageal ulcers: due to gastric exposures

answer

Medical conditions that arise from Bulimia

question

Includes: •Psychological treatment is necessary followed by nutritional supplements; Teaching should include principles of healthy weight maintenance, components or a healthy diet.

answer

Treatment for Bulimia

question

defined as excessive accumulation of fat

answer

Define Obesity

question

Genetics, environment, poor eating habits, lack of knowledge about good nutrition, body physiology, age and gender

answer

What are the factors that contribute to obesity

question

individualized

answer

Diet therapy is typically

question

Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes Melittus, Hypertension, gallbladder disease, and joint disease.

answer

What risk factors are associated with Obesity

question

a person is 20-30% above ideal weight

answer

What is characterized as mildly obese

question

a person is 100lbs over ideal weight

answer

What is characterized as morbidly obese

question

Nutritional status prior to pregnancy, age, and number of pregnancies

answer

What factors need to be considered when counseling a pregnant woman

question

2-4 lbs

answer

What is the ideal weight gain during the first trimester

question

1 lb per week

answer

What is the ideal weight gain during the second and third trimester

question

an increase of 300 calories

answer

What is ideal calorie intake per day during the second and third trimester

question

by decreasing appetite, decreasing financial resources for food, substitution of alcohol calories for food calories

answer

How does substance abuse interfere with food intake

question

Lead to impaired absorption and reduced storage and use of nutrients, as well as increased metabolic needs

answer

Substance abuse

question

alcohol abuse

answer

Thiamine deficiency is often present with

question

alcohol and substance abuse

answer

Liver damage is common in substance abuse

question

includes disease of blood vessels, hypertension, MI, CHF

answer

Common Cardiovascular Disease include

question

Diet therapy is focused on reduction of fat and sodium intake

answer

Diet therapy ideal for those with cardiovascular disease

question

can lead to Atherosclerosis

answer

Excessive fat intake

question

the accumulation of fatty deposits on the walls of the blood vessels and Leads to the narrowing of the vessel diameter, = decreased blood supply to major organs.

answer

Atherosclerosis is

question

HDL -(High Density lipoprotein); LDL - (Low Density Lipoprotein); and VLDL - (Very Low Density Lipoprotein)

answer

Three Types of Cholesterol in Blood

question

High Density Lipoprotein

answer

HDL

question

Low Density Lipoprotein

answer

LDL

question

Very Low Density Lipoprotein

answer

VLDL

question

Good Cholesterol

answer

HDL

question

bad Cholesterol

answer

LDL

question

Type of fat that contributes to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

answer

Triglycerides

question

Poor disease mangement

answer

Increased levels of Triglycerides may indicate

question

Management of cardiovascular disease

answer

Control of Sodium Diet can also be use as

question

= fluid retention

answer

Large amounts of Na

question

results in respiratory distress, edema in legs and feet, Hypertension

answer

Increased fluid volume in CHF =

question

Dietary Approaches to stop Hypertension

answer

DASH

question

low sodium high in fruits and veggies

answer

DASH diet includes

question

Vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, low fat dairy

answer

Low Sodium Diet includes

question

2300mg

answer

1tsp of salt is how many mg

question

250mg - 2g

answer

Sodium restriction is

question

the Disturbance of metabolism of carbohydrates and use of glucose by the body.

answer

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized as

question

Insulin dependant DM

answer

DM Type 1

question

Non-insulin dependent

answer

DM Type 2

question

DM Type 2

answer

Develops usually after age 40 (adult onset diabetes)

question

African American and Hispanic greatest risk

answer

Which demographics are predominately at risk for Diabetes Mellitus

question

70-100mg/ dL

answer

What is the normal blood glucose level

question

180mg/dL

answer

What is an acceptable blood glucose level following a meal

question

Complex

answer

Diabetics should consume what type of carbohydrates

question

Brown rice, pasta, whole-grain food, legumes

answer

Complex Carbohydrates include

question

lowering blood sugar level

answer

Fiber delays absorption of glucose by

question

Cardiovascular Disease, HTN, kidnesy disease, blindness and stroke

answer

DM patients are in a higher risk

question

severe diarrhea, profound weight loss, and muscle wasting

answer

HIV/AIDS can be associated with

question

Multiple infections, loss of appetite, malignancies, and GI disorders

answer

What result of 50% of the body weight an HIV/AIDS result in

question

Fluids and electrolytes, weight gain, replacement of muscle mass through protein intake and maintaining strength of immune system

answer

Diet therapy is directed toward replacement of

question

Emphasis on protein

answer

Calorie intake with HIV/AIDS patients should be increased with an

question

Milkshakes with added calories, proteins and supplements such has Ensure and Sustacal

answer

Dietary considerations for AIDS/HIV are:

question

difficulty swallowing

answer

Dysphagia is

question

Placed into the small intestine: Dudenal, Jejunostomy, ileum

answer

Gastrostomy Tube/ Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube

question

tube placement is usually temporary to provide nutritional support

answer

Nasogastric and Enteral Tubes

question

Decompression of stomach post surgery; Obtaining specimen for lab; Gastric lavage for patients with GI bleeding, or GI toxin removal; and Medications

answer

What are the purpose of NG Tube and Enteral Tubes

question

8-10 FR

answer

Size of a Small bore feeding tubes may be inserted

question

30-90 degrees or High Fowlers position

answer

What position is used during Enteral Feeding and Medication Administration

question

from the tip of the nose to the ear to the xiphoid process

answer

How do you measure an NG Tube

question

should be 1-4

answer

Verify pH of aspirated gastric fluid to check for placement

question

Usually 30-60ml of normal saline solution is sufficient to flush the tube when irrigating.

answer

Tube placement should be checked prior to each feeding and administering medications.

question

Reduced procedure time, cost, and recovery time; General anesthesia needed; Via endoscopy; Freedom to ambulate; Easily removal

answer

What are the advantages of a PEG tube

question

placement should be checked by aspirating for residual gastric fluid

answer

What should be done before each feeding and administering medication for both NG and PEG tubes

question

2000ml

answer

How much fluid is generally sufficient to meet nutritional requirements

question

Glycosuria

answer

Tube feedings contain high level of glucose to provide calories which can cause this

question

Sugar in Urine

answer

Glycosuria

question

via gravity and not be pushed as a bolus

answer

Feeding Formula should flow how

question

24hrs

answer

How often is the Feeding bag and tubes changed

question

through a PICC line

answer

How is a TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) Administered

question

Massive burns, intestinal obstruction, IBS, AIDS, cancer chemotherapy

answer

TPN May be used for patients receiving long term therapy such as

question

1000 - 2000 ml

answer

For TPN how much fluid administered the first 24 hours

question

infection, blood clot, fluid overload, increased glucose level, crackles

answer

Complications of TP

question

risk for edema, resp. distress, hyperglycemia

answer

Fluid overload

question

check blood glucose level

answer

What do you check for hyperglycemia

CHAPTER 27 – DIET THERAPY AND ASSISTED FEEDING – Flashcards

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