chapter 1,2,3,5 egans book – Flashcards
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what does AARC mean?
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American Associate for Respiratory Care
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what do they do for the respiratory care?
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they defend our working rights as respiratory therapist ( the voice of all respiratory therapist)
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what does NBRC mean?
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National Board for Respiratory Care
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what do they do for the respiratory care?
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they are the board that provides the testing for the credentials of being a crt/rrt/ and so forth
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what does Coarc mean?
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Committee on accreditation for respiratory care
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what do they do for the respiratory care?
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provide the funding and guidelines for educational programs for respiratory therapy to be taught.
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what does ARCF mean?
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American Respiratory Care Foundation
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what do they do for respiratory care?
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they provide scholarships and grants for respiratory students
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who is Thomas Beddoes?
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the father of respiratory
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when is respiratory care week?
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1982 delcared by Reagan it is the 3rd week in october
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how many specialty areas are there for respiratory?
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11
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what are the specialty areas?
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long term care neonatal-pediatrics surface and air transport pulmonary rehab polysomnography education critical care case management home care pulmonary diagnostic management
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what is a misallocation?
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when something has gone wrong / a mistake
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how can a respiratory therapist prevent misallocations?
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by following protocols
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what are three ways of misallocations?
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1. treatment wasn't started when it should have been 2. treatment wasn't stopped when it should have been 3. used the wrong kind of method
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what are the trends for the future of the profession?
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advances in treatment generational growing chronic diseases controlling cost prevent disease patient education pulmonary rehab
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what are examples of therapist protocol?
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aerosol therapy oxygen therapy suctioning pulse oximetry arterial blood gases
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what do respiratory therapist do?
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assessment, treatment,management control, diagnostic evaluation, educations, and care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities of the CP system.
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name at least three major people in history that have helped in the health care field
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Laennec invented the stethoscope Thomas beddoes is the father of respiratory Macewen performed oral endotracheal intubaion Roentgen discoverd the X-ray
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how many types of aerosol medications are there?
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2 types
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what are the two types
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bland aerosols and drugs
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what is a bland aerosol?
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sterile water and saline
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define quality?
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characteristic reflecting a high degree of excellence fineness or grade.
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why is delivering quality challanging
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because of the pressure of great health care quality but limiting the cost.
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who is our medical director?
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Dr. Joshi
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what is the responsibility of the medical director?
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they oversee the clinical education program.
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define professional
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a calling that requires specialized knowledge and intensive academic preparation
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what are ways to demonstrate professionalism?
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complete an accredited RCP program obtains professionalism credentials maintaining the highest practice standards by engaging learning/continuing education conducting research to advance the quality of respiratory care. participating in professional organizations like AARC.
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Define HIPAA
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sets standards regarding the way sensitive health care information is communicated and revealed in the transmission of medical records, and in the written and verbal communication of information in the hospital.
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what are the goals of protocols?
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improve allocations of services enhance patient care reduce patient cost preserve the physicians ability to specify orders if desired enhance the efficiency of patient care
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patient safety
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be aware be alert assess potential equipment/ electrical hazards
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what should you have when moving a patient?
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proper body mechanic principles good posture team work communication
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what can happen if you don't have proper body mechanics?
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strains and sprains
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what should you assess and monitor before moving a patient?
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color, breathing, comfort level, strength, weakness, complaints.
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when should ambulation begin?
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ambulation from bed is essential and should be done as soon as the patient is physiologically stable and free of severe pain
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what are the benefits of ambulation?
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better medication delivery. allows the diaphragm to expand. allows for better gas exchange in the lungs. allows for better oxygenation status. has patients use more respiratory and core muscles. allows for pulmonary drainage.
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4 values of pft
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VT - tidal volume RV- air remaining in the lungs after a full forced breath out FVC- amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after a max intake. FEV1- forced expiratory volume in one second.
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what is the most important part of providing safe patient care?
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communication
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what are the types of communication?
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verbal, written, and nonverbal.
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which type is the primary cause of breakdown in communication?
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non verbal
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what are the five components?
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sender,message, channel, receiver, feedback.
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what are guidelines for effective communication?
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1. approach each patient and situation unique 2. create a supportive climate for communication 3. seek to understand before being understood 4. provide information in timely, understandable manner. 5.allow time for patient question and concerns. 6. provide open ended questions. 7. allow the patients to have teach back. 8. remember it is not always what you say, its how you say it as well. 9. maintain role flexibility.
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what are some communication barriers?
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education, blind, deaf, language
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how can you get through some of the communication barriers?
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1. don't assume the patient has the same understanding as you 2. having different value systems can interfere with communication. 3. emphasis on status can be a barrier as to who is in charge. 4. conflicts of interest, not willing to share information or invading territory.
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advanced directives
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living will POA- power of attorney DNR- do not resesatate modifications
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admission sheet
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admitting diagnosis admitting physician name, address, nearest of kin, pertinent, patient information
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history and physical
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patients admitting history and physical exam, and other medical history of patient
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physicians orders
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record of all physician orders and prescriptions
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physicians progress notes
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daily account of physicians assessments and plans for the patient
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nursing notes
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describes the nursing care given throughout each day to the patient
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medication record/ med rec
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record of all medicates/ iv's given to the patient
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graphic sheets
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record of vital sign taken throughout the day intake nad output
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laboratory
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all hematologic lab results as well as sputum cultures, ABG results, pleural fluid result, any other specimen results etc.
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consults
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specialty physician consults performed
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x-ray
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reports of all x-rays taken of the patient
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respiratory progress notes/flow sheets
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documentation of assessment,therapeutic modalities, diagnostic procedures, educational instructions, mechanical ventilator flow sheets ect
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EMR
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electronic, medical record
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what is a soap note?
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it is a POMR method/ format for progress notes S- subjective- data provided by patient regarding feelings or concerns ex: the patient complains of pain in left foot. O- OBJECTIVE- factual measurable data done by oneself or from other professional reports or test results observations, physical exam. ex: x-ray results A- ASSESSMENT- determination of cause of subjective and objective data similar to diagnosis from above information, analysis of patients problem. P- PLAN- treatment selection to best correct the cause identified in the assessment.
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there are two approaches to address ethical issues in health care
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1. specific- professional code of ethics 2. general- use of ethical theories and principles to reach a decision.
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autunomy
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patients right to informed consent and therefore the right to decide their own course of treatment. use of deceit or coercion to get a patient to reverse a decision to refuse a treatment is considered unethical.
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veracity
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bind the health care provider and the patient to tell the truth 94% of americans want to know the truth, even the negative outcome/ facts problems revolve around issues such as benevolent deception- when truth is withheld from the patient for his own good
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nonmaleficence
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avoid harming patients and actively prevent harm where possible some procedures can have poor outcomes, but eval intent first. if the intent is good the harmful effect is seen as an unintended resul
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beneficence
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goes beyond doing no harm and states RCP should actively contribute to the health and well being of patients. as HCP, we have the ability to keep someone alive but at what cost/ benefit/outcome/meaningful recovery.
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confidentiality
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respect the secrets which are confided even after the patient has died
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justice
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fair distribution of care 1. distributive justice- some form of rationing delivery of care due to cost vs. revenue 2. compensatory justice- recovery for damages that were incurred as a result of the action of others.
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role duty
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must understand the limits of your role and to practice with fidelity ex: discussing patients progress with family members, when it's not your place.
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systems of law
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legal issues in respiratory care- professional liability in the practice of respiratory care or any helthcare profession is immense and plays a major role in skyrocketing cost in healthcare need to minimize cost, but still accountable. divided into two systems 1. public- deals with relationships between private parties and government 2. civil- recognition and enforcement of right and duties of private individuals and organizations
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public law
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two division 1. criminal- acts or offenses against the welfare or safety of the public. offenses punishable by fines,imprisonment, accuser is the state, person prosecuted is the defendant. 2. administrative- consists of countless, regulations set by government agencies health care facilities by these rules, RT'S must follow as well.
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civil law
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protects private citizens/ organizations from others who would take advantage
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tort
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tort- a civil wrong against an individual for which a court provides a remedy in the form on an action for damages. torts keep the peace between individuals and substitute a remedy instead of vengeance three types 1. negligent-omission or commission 2. intentional- willful act that violates another interest 3. liability assessed regardless of fault
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negligence
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failure to perform one's duties competently acts of omission or commission elements of negligence 1. practitioner owes a duty to the patient 2.practitioner breaches that duty 3. breach of duty causes damage 4. damage or harm done to patient
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malpractice
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is a form of negligence and can involve professional misconduct unreasonable lack of skill or fidelity of professional duties, evil, practice or unethical conduct three classifications 1. criminal- crimes like assault, battery, euthanasia 2. civil- negligence or practice below a reasonable standard 3. ethical- violations of professional ethics
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intentional torts
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a wrong committed intentionally to produce harmful result 1. slander- verbal defamation of an individual by false words that damage the reputation 2. libel- printed defamation by written words, cartoons , ect, that causes harm 3.must be seen or heard by third party.
