Ethics – Flashcards with Answers

Q: Marie is working with a lesbian client who is in a dysfunctional relationship with another woman. She is seeking counseling to sort out her options regarding leaving her emotionally abusive partner. Marie can assist her client by

supporting her client\'s attempt to leave the abusive relationship, work on her abuse issues, and eventually enter into a positive lesbian relationship

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In Chapter 6, a six-step ethical practice model for protecting confidentiality rights that places legal mandates in an ethical context is presented. The six steps include all of the following EXCEPT

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have your attorney respond to legal requests for disclosure

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The Georgia Supreme Court ruled that a physician has a duty to take reasonable care to prevent a potentially dangerous patient from inflicting harm in

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Bradley Center v. Wessner

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It is illegal and unethical for a therapist to disclose confidential information when

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an employer requests disclosure to determine the mental status of an employee without their consent

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The following are all major types of elder abuse EXCEPT

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protection and positive treatment

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The HIPAA Privacy Rule was designed to provide a uniform level of privacy and security on the federal level. This Privacy Rule, which applies to both paper and electronic transmissions of protected health information by covered entities, developed out of the concern that transmission of health care information through electronic means could lead to widespread gaps in the protection of client confidentiality. Which of the following is NOT a requirement of The Privacy Rule?

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It provides detailed patient information to individuals outside of the health care agency.

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All of the following pose a number of potential ethical problems with regard to protecting client privacy EXCEPT

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face-to-face interaction

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Two processes that offer safeguards against malpractice liability in suicidal cases are

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consultation and documentation

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There are three types of ______________: health plans, health care clearinghouses, and health care providers who transmit health information by electronic means

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covered entities

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In _____________, the court expanded the practitioner's duty to warn those in danger to include the circumstance in which a family member communicates to a mental health practitioner a belief that the client poses a risk of grave bodily injury to another person

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Ewing v. Goldstein

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The intended victim's knowledge of a threat does NOT relieve therapists of the duty to protect, as can be seen by the decision in

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Jablonski v. United States

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Marie is working with a lesbian client who is in a dysfunctional relationship with another woman. She is seeking counseling to sort out her options regarding leaving her emotionally abusive partner. Marie can assist her client by

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supporting her client's attempt to leave the abusive relationship, work on her abuse issues, and eventually enter into a positive lesbian relationship

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The concepts of unintentional racism and microaggressions are related and usually involve

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demeaning implications perpetrated against clients on the basis of their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ability status

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Many ________________ have difficulty acknowledging race-related issues because they stir up guilt feelings about their privileged status and threaten their self-image as moral, fair, and decent human beings

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White Americans

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In multicultural counseling, one must balance the importance of ________________ in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment

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individualism versus collectivism

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The _____________'s ethics code indicates that part of competence implies understanding diversity

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APA

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The standards established by the _______________ require that programs provide curricular and experiential offerings in multicultural and pluralistic trends, including characteristics within and among diverse groups nationally and internationally

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Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

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In the __________'s code of ethics, cultural competence and recognition of social diversity are clearly linked to ethical practice

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NASW

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___________ is a sense of identity that stems from common ancestry, history, nationality, religion, and race

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Ethnicity

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People who say they are ___________ usually are trying to communicate that they do not discriminate and that they treat others equally; however, in doing so, they are ignoring a vital part of that person's identity

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color blind

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_______________ is a perception of reality based on a very limited set of cultural experiences

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Cultural tunnel vision

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California enacted a law in 2011 allowing mental health practitioners to treat minors (12 years or older) if

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the practitioner determines the minor is mature enough to participate intelligently in outpatient treatment or mental health counseling. However, the statute does require parental (or guardian) involvement in the treatment unless the therapist finds, after consulting with the minor, that this would be inappropriate under the circumstances

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Most ethical codes specify that therapists should

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inform clients that a diagnosis can become a permanent part of their file and have ramifications in terms of cost of insurance, long-term insurability, and employment

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Which of the following is NOT a professional association's ethical codes or guidelines in regards to technology and online counseling?

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Therapists must: (a) determine that electronic therapy is appropriate for clients, taking into account the clients' intellectual, emotional, and physical needs; (b) inform clients of the potential risks and benefits associated with electronic therapy; (c) ensure the security of their communication medium; and (d) only commence electronic therapy after appropriate education, training, or supervised experience using the relevant technology

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Records are

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vital to review the course of treatment. The manner in which you document treatment is likely to determine the outcome of the case

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The intent of a(n) ___________ is to define boundaries and clarify the nature of the basic counseling relationship between the counselor and the client

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informed consent document

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Informed consent generally implies that the person

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has the capacity to consent and has freely, without undue influence, expressed consent

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Disclosures should be given in

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plain language in a culturally sensitive manner and must be understandable to clients, including minors and people with impaired cognitive functioning

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In regards to unethical behavior of colleagues, the National Association of Social Workers states

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"Social workers should take adequate measures to discourage, prevent, expose, and correct the unethical conduct of colleagues."

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Samuel has been planning a two week vacation to Europe for months. He is a private practitioner and has a caseload of clients who have dependency issues. As an ethical practitioner, Samuel should

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provide his clients with another therapist in case of need

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Generally, the best way to proceed when you have concerns about the behavior of a colleague is to

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deal directly with the colleague, unless doing so would compromise a client's confidentiality

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Autonomy refers to

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the promotion of self-determination and the freedom of clients to be self-governing within their social and cultural framework

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When practitioners weigh multiple and often competing demands and goals, they must use

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their professional judgment

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The major duties of regulating boards include which of the following?

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Determining standards for admission into the profession, screening applicants applying for certification or licensure, conducting disciplinary proceedings involving violations of standards of professional conduct as defined by law, and regulating the practice of psychotherapy for the public good

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Practitioners can help expand their awareness and clarify their values in dealing with the challenges of their work through

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reading and reflecting on the standards.

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Although the ethics codes of the various professional organizations have specific differences, some of the common themes include

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being interested in the welfare of clients, avoiding harm and exploitation, and protecting client's confidentiality and privacy

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Obtaining consultation is important because

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our prejudices, biases, personal needs, or emotional investment creates an inability to view a situation objectively

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Reporting requirements in codes

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may not align with state laws or regulations

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Ethics codes tend to be

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reactive rather than proactive

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Elizabeth, a beginning practitioner, counsels in a manner in which she merely acts in compliance with the law and follows minimal ethical standards. She is at the first level of ethical functioning, which is

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mandatory ethics

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A formal complaint was filed against Harry for sexually harassing a female client. A repeat offender, he was previously warned that a major sanction would be imposed if he continued his unethical actions. The ethics committee of the professional association to which he belongs most likely recommended that Harry

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be expelled from the organization

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Robert runs into the office, unprepared and frustrated because he is late for his weekly appointment with his first client of the day. He is consistently late for his appointments. His behavior is

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unprofessional

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When a complaint is lodged against a member of a professional organization, the ethics committee

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launches an investigation and deliberates on the case, eventually reaching a disposition

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Each major mental health professional organization has its own code of ethics; however, most of these codes are

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broad and general and do not provide specific answers to ethical dilemmas

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Ethics codes are _____________ for exercising ethical responsibility

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necessary, but not sufficient

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The highest standards of thinking and a professional's willingness to reflect on the effects their interventions may have on the welfare of their clients describes what kind of ethics?

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Aspirational ethics

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Jan, an incest survivor, is covered for six sessions by her insurance. Her counselor is in private practice and knows that Jan needs more sessions. She decides to offer Jan her services pro bono. In making the ethical decision to ensure that her client has equal access to services, the counselor is using the basic moral principal of

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justice

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Which of the following focuses NOT ONLY on how professionals can harm clients, but also on how therapists can do better at helping clients?

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Mandatory ethics

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Which of the following is NOT a sign of therapist decay?

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Accepting clients within one's scope of competence

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Counselors who have unresolved personal conflicts

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need to recognize that their problems may interfere with their effectiveness and refrain from activities that would harm a client

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The authors state that, in many ways, therapeutic encounters serve as mirrors in which therapists can see their own lives reflected. As a result

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therapy can become a catalyst for change in the therapist as well as in the client

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When counselors become overly concerned with meeting their own needs or pushing their own personal agendas, their behavior becomes

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unethical

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Rhonda is a counselor at a drug and alcohol treatment center. She grew up in an alcoholic home and is not fully aware of the "unfinished business" she has with her parents. She is still angry and resents her parents for having to grow up in an alcoholic family system. It is most likely that Rhonda will

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obstruct the progress of her clients as they attempt to move towards recovery

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Tanya seems to meet some of her personal needs through counseling her clients. This is

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acceptable as long as these needs do not assume priority or get in the way of her clients' growth

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Self-compassion involves

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developing attitudes of caring, being nonjudgmental, being accepting, and being kind to ourselves

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Client dependence is less of an issue

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with the growth of managed care brief treatment and restricted number of sessions

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Joanne finds herself wanting to solve her client's problems, which are similar to the issues her daughter is going through. Joanne gives advice and feels frustrated when her client won't follow through on her suggestions. Her emotional reactions to her client, which involve her own projections, is based on

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countertransference

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Empathy fatigue is common in professionals who

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treat survivors of stressful and traumatic events; treat people with mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders; and work in vocational settings with people with mental and physical disabilities

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Which of the following is NOT a way you can involve yourself in therapeutic experiences that can increase your availability to clients?

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Limiting travel and new experiences

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Sexual or romantic feelings toward a client

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do not necessarily mean that the counselor cannot effectively work with the client

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As therapists, we are often in the role of giver; to preserve our vitality, we need to create spaces in which the "giver" can be supported. A necessary form of ongoing self-care to help in this support is

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personal therapy

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The presence of chronic illness or severe psychological depletion that is likely to prevent a professional from being able to deliver effective services and results in consistently functioning below acceptable practice standards is called

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impairment

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Cathy is an eating disorders specialist who has a past history of bulimia. Given her personal experiences with dysfunctional eating patterns, Cathy

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can draw upon her life experiences in her work as a counselor

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Martina has been working at a crisis intervention center for three years and is starting to have nightmares about her work. Despite having a strong work ethic, she dreads her job because she feels burdened by the lack of power she has in making decisions pertaining to the treatment of her clients. Martina is experiencing

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burnout

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Therapists who work with violent and suicidal clients

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will not feel the effects of stress if they do not experience countertransference

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Referring a client for differing religious beliefs, sexual orientation, or cultural background is called

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a discriminatory referral

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The value system of the counselor

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can determine the direction of counseling if it is not monitored

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Disagreeing with a client or not liking what a client is proposing can create a

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value conflict

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Value discrimination could be defined as

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when a counselor is too eager to suggest a referral when the client shares differing values on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status

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The authors of this text view referrals

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as the last resort

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From a legal perspective, mental health professionals are expected to exercise "reasonable care" in working with clients who are considering abortion. If they fail to do so, clients can take legal action against them for

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negligence

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Ruth is counseling a woman who describes an extremely unhappy marriage. Ruth suggests she consider leaving her husband; however, the client has a deep spiritual conviction that marriage is for life and is not willing to consider divorce as an option. Ruth attempts to change her client's viewpoint. In this case, Ruth is

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imposing her values on the client instead of exploring the client's reasons for staying in the marriage

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If a therapist is secure in his or her own values

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he or she will not be threatened by really listening to, and deeply understanding, people who think differently or do not share the same world view

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Thomas has AIDS and has decided to end his life rather than continue suffering. The counselor he is working with does not condone rational suicide. In this case, the counselor needs to

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work with Thomas rather than referring him, and seek supervision and education to assist the counselor to be more capable of working with Thomas

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Marty believes that premarital sex is morally wrong. He has an agenda to convince his single clients to avoid having sexual intercourse before they are married. This is referred to as

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value exploration

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It is important for the counselor to refrain from self-disclosing

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when the self-disclosure will make it more difficult to establish a trusting relationship

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The U.S. District Court, in Julea Ward vs. Eastern Michigan University, ruled that

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the university was justified in dismissing the student for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status

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Which of the following is ethical when referring a client?

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When the therapist engages in supervision to diminish the effects of the value conflict, attempting to help the client in every way, but the client requests a referral because of his or her value differences

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Which of the following statements on spirituality and religion is true today?

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They are both ethically appropriate topics to discuss, can play a major part in the client's life, and can be a significant source of strength

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According to researchers, counselor's personal religious values

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may affect their therapeutic work, directly or indirectly, with clients presenting with end-of-life issuesCounselors practice unintentional racism when they:

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Research has provided evidence that therapists' values influence

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every phase of psychotherapy

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Which of the following is NOT true about referrals?

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Referring clients has been discussed frequently in professional journals

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___________ includes factors such as culture, religion, race, ability, age, gender, sexual orientation, education, and socioeconomic level

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Diversity

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According to the authors, the first step in the process of acquiring multicultural counseling skills in a training program should be that students

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become involved in a self-exploratory journey to help identify their cultural and ethnic blind spots

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People with chronic medical, physical, and mental disabilities represent

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the largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States

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______________ refers to a practitioner's level of awareness, knowledge, and interpersonal skill needed to function effectively in a pluralistic society and to intervene on behalf of clients from diverse backgrounds

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Cultural diversity competence

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Counselors practice unintentional racism when they

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claim to be free of any traces of racism

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____________ influences every facet of our existence, so it is essential that culturally responsive practice be central in all that we do

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Culture

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The culturally encapsulated counselor is characterized by

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define reality according to a narrow set of cultural assumptions and fail to evaluate other viewpoints, making little attempt to understand and accept the behavior of others

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Neither the clients' and therapists' ____________, nor the interactions between the two, were significantly associated with the clients' perceptions of their therapists' level of multicultural competency

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ethnicity

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People who say they are ___________ usually are trying to communicate that they do not discriminate and that they treat others equally; however, in doing so, they are ignoring a vital part of that person's identity

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color blind

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It is the authors' position that counselors would NOT work well with diverse populations if they

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believe that they are free from any racist attitudes, beliefs, and or feelings

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Brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities (whether intentional or unintentional) that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of other races is the definition of

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racial microaggressions.

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Statements such as "Minority groups need to take responsibility for their own predicament" and "In order to succeed, people need to stop complaining and start working" do not take into account environmental factors. These are examples of

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stereotypical beliefs.

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A cross-cultural counselor who perceives reality exclusively through the filters of his or her own life experiences is said to be culturally

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encapsulated

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Frank is a Native American college student who is seeking information about his career choice from a male counselor. The counselor notices that he uses very little eye contact and needs to recognize that Frank

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is likely to view direct eye contact as a lack of respect

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Regarding counseling with children and adolescents, informed consent of parents or guardians may NOT be legally required when a minor is seeking counseling for

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has the capacity to consent and has freely, without undue influence, expressed consent

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Fran has decided to start an online counseling practice. Which of the following have the potential to result in unethical behavior?

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Refusing to accept psychotic and/or seriously disturbed individuals as clients

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___________ are essentially the same as psychotherapy notes. They address the client's transference reactions and the therapist's subjective impressions of the client

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Process notes

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Which of the following situations do NOT justify the use of remote services consistent with ethical practice and in keeping with regulatory standards?

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When the client desires remote sessions and the therapist has insufficient information about the client

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Inappropriate socialization with clients, burdening clients with a counselor's personal problems, and putting clients in awkward business situations are examples of

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unhealthy transference relationships

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Which of the following would be LEAST likely to lead to a malpractice suit?

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Engaging in a bartering arrangement with a client

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Elena, your client of two years, has just received the news that she is losing her insurance coverage; however, she recently had a breakthrough in therapy and needs to continue working on her issues. As an ethical therapist, you should

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determine new payment terms so Elena can continue working with you

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Ignoring evidence of peer misconduct is

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an ethical violation

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_______________ is the practice of focusing on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of problems that may injure clients and lead to filing an ethics complaint or a malpractice action

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Risk management

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___________ should include a record of client and therapist behavior that is clinically relevant, including interventions used, client responses to treatment strategies, the evolving treatment plan, and any follow-up measures taken

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Progress notes

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In most cases, therapists will not have advanced warning that a client is dangerous. Therefore, therapists must be prepared for such an eventuality. Which of the following is NOT a suggestion from the authors' for preparation?

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Limit disclosure to all clients until they are deemed safe.

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An African-American woman was interacting with her child in a domestic abuse shelter when she is over-heard saying to her child, "Keep touching that and I'm going to whoop you." The social worker that heard this statement should

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recognize that what constitutes abuse in one culture may not be viewed as abuse in another culture and is not reportable until it is determined that the child is in danger

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Susan is quite distressed after finding out her husband has been unfaithful. She tells her counselor that she is so angry that she feels like killing him. Upon hearing this, the counselor needs to

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question Susan to determine whether she is serious about doing physical harm to her husband

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Ethical guidelines regarding confidentiality require that counselors do NOT

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use client case studies to teach or write books, even when their clients' identities are disguised

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Jolene tells her counselor that she is depressed about the break-up of her relationship and "just wishes she could go to sleep and never wake up." In this case, the counselor needs to

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recognize that her statement is only a "cry for help" and should not be taken seriously

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Even if clients argue that they can do what they want with their own lives, including taking them, therapists with suicidal clients have a legal

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duty to warn

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Which of the following would be an ineffective way of managing a client's suicidal ideation?

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Attempt to secure a promise from the client that he or she will not try to commit suicide

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_______________ extends the duty to warn in California to a foreseeable, identifiable person who might be near the intended victim when the threat is carried out and thus might also be in danger

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Hedlund v. Superior Court

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In the case of disclosing confidential information when working with an HIV-positive client, several writers state that the therapist has a duty to protect when the following condition exists

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clear and imminent danger must exist

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In this court case, the court found that school counselors have a duty to use reasonable means to attempt to prevent a suicide when they know about a student's suicidal intentions. The reasoning of the court was that an adolescent is more likely to share thoughts of suicide with friends than with a school counselor, teacher, or parent. The court found that reasonable care would have included notifying the student's parents that their daughter was at risk for suicide

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Eisel v. Board of Education

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Which of the following actions would maximize the risks inherent in dual or multiple relationships?

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Becoming romantically involved with the client

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APA ethics codes offer three helpful criteria in making decisions about multiple relationships in a small community setting. These include each of the following EXCEPT

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prospective multiple relationships fit into a single category

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When in conflict with clinical needs, context, competence, or consent, even the most well-intentioned nonsexual physical contact may be experienced as

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aggressive, frightening, intimidating, demeaning, arrogant, unwanted, insensitive, threatening, or intrusive

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Boundary management is

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more challenging in rural areas than in urban areas

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Therapists can deal with powerful attractions to clients by

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monitoring boundaries by setting clear limits on physical contact, self-disclosure, and client requests for personal information

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Joe has a counseling practice and is also teaching psychology part-time at a university. He is well-liked and trusted by students and some have asked for private counseling. Joe has decided to wait until semester break before taking them on as clients. Joe would be

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in a dual relationship with his students, which may cause ethical problems

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Ted is a counselor educator and also acts as therapeutic agent for his students' personal development, since personal awareness is considered to be an intrinsic part of developing counselor skills in the program at the university in which he teaches. Ted is

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involved in role blending, which is inevitable in the process of educating and supervising counselor trainees

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Which one of the following is NOT considered a guideline to minimizing the likelihood of sexual transgressions by clinicians?

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Avoid terminating the therapeutic relationship, even when sexual feelings obscure objectivity

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Those who are responsible for educating and training mental health professionals are ethically and professionally obligated to

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balance their roles as advocate and mentor of trainees with their gatekeeping role

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A common reaction of therapists who realize that they have sexual feelings towards their clients is to

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feel guilty, anxious, and confused

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In ______________, the court held that a faculty may require students to complete special requirements as long as the requirements are not arbitrary

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Shuffer v. Trustees of California State Universities and Colleges

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____________ statutes determine and govern professional practice

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Licensure

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____________ is a basic component of practitioner competence

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Training

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______________ is a voluntary attempt by a group to promote a professional identity

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Certification

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_____________ is an end point evaluation typically completed at the end of a professional program or when applying for licensure status

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Summative assessment

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A school counselor was working with Quan, whose presenting problem was anxiety pertaining to academic success in college. This was within the scope of the school counselor's training. However, during the course of therapy, Quan became very depressed and engaged in self-mutilation and other forms of self-destructive behavior. Quan's counselor recognized that these symptoms and behaviors reflected a problem area that was outside the scope of his practice. Ethical practice required that the school counselor

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make a referral to another professional who is competent to treat Quan's problems

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According to the American Counseling Association, counselors practice only within the boundaries of their competence, based on

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their education and training, supervised experience, state and national professional credentials, and appropriate professional experience

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The notion that certain actions will inevitably lead to a progressive deterioration of ethical behavior is commonly referred to as

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the slippery slope phenomenon

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Which of the following models of ethical decision making focuses primarily on the social aspects of decision making and redefines the process as being interactive rather than intrapsychic?

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Social constructionist model

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The basic purpose of professional codes of ethics is to

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educate professionals about sound ethical conduct, provide a mechanism for professional accountability, and serve as a catalyst for improving practice

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Virtuous professionals

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possess vision and discernment, which involves sensitivity, judgment, and understanding and leads to decisive ethical actions

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Expulsion or suspension of members from professional associations

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is a major sanction

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The counselor who asks the questions "Am I doing what is best for my client?" rather than "Is this situation unethical?" is functioning from which of the following ethical perspectives?

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Virtue ethics

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Which of the following statements is true with regard to ethical codes?

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Conflicts sometimes emerge within ethics codes and among various organizations' codes

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It is believed that countertransference involves

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the therapist's total emotional responses to a client including feelings, associations, fantasies, and fleeting images

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Termination of the therapy process

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is decided jointly by both the client and the therapist

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An ethical obligation that provides a major link between ethics and self-care is

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competence

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Graduate programs provide insufficient training in

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self-care

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________ is the process whereby clients place past feelings or attitudes they had toward significant people in their lives onto their therapist

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Transference

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Informing students prior to entering a training program that self-exploration will be part of their training

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only minimally satisfies the requirement for informed consent

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Differences in culture, ethnicity, religion, age, gender, and sexual orientation

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could have a negative influence on the supervisory relationship if not understood and integrated

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Signs of an impaired supervisor include all of the following EXCEPT

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availability, accessibility, and being technically competent

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Susan is in a counselor training program and is infatuated with her supervisor. She has indicated that she is interested in pursuing an intimate relationship. In order to provide adequate supervision for Susan, her supervisor would need to

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clearly define and maintain ethical, professional, and social relationship boundaries with Susan

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Professional codes of ethics for supervisors agree that

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supervisors occupy a position of power and should not engage in sexual relationships with the student

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Kenneth is involved in a specialized professional process that involves sharing expertise with others in the helping professions so they can better serve their own clients. He is functioning in the role of a

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consultant

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Three legal considerations in the supervisory relationship are

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informed consent, confidentiality and its limits, and liability

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Which of the following statements is NOT accurate?

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Supervisors are not expected to maintain records pertaining to their work with supervisees

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Effective supervisors understand that

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the supervisory relationship is key to the effectiveness of supervision as well as to the personal development of the supervisee

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___________ pertains to the responsibilities supervisors have to oversee the actions of their supervisees

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Vicarious liability

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Which of the following topics would NOT be appropriate to discuss during the initial supervisory session?

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The supervisor's marital and family issues

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____________ is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences

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Evidence-based practice

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____________ is the process of distinguishing one form of mental disorders from another by determining which of two (or more) disorders with similar symptoms the person is suffering from

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Differential diagnosis

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Empirical research _________the centrality of the therapeutic relationship as a primary factor contributing to psychotherapy outcomes

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consistently supports

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Which of the following is NOT true concerning therapeutic use of the DSM-5 to diagnose clients?

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It is based on a systemic approach that views the source of distress as being within the entire system rather than on the individual

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The acronym DSM-5 stands for

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: 5th Edition

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Katie has just accepted her first position as a counselor in a community agency. An agency policy requires her to conduct an intake interview with each client, determine a diagnosis, and establish a treatment plan — all in the first session. Once a diagnosis is established, clinicians have a maximum of five more sessions with a given client. What ethical and legal standards are possibly broken?

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Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to carefully assess and accurately diagnose clients before commencing any intervention

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____________ were developed for a wide range of psychological disorders. Their success ushered in the movement toward empirically supported treatments and evidence-based practice

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Treatment manuals

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Maria, a Mexican American woman, will live with her parents until she marries. A culturally competent and sensitive counselor will understand that

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this may be a result of gender-role expectations in Maria's family and not enmeshment

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Contemporary theories of counseling

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emphasize the uniqueness of the individual, self-assertion, and ego strength

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____________ consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a client's life to identify themes for further exploration

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Assessment

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If you possess _____________, you are likely to misinterpret patterns of behavior displayed by group members who are culturally different from you

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cultural tunnel vision

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____________ refers to "the fair and equitable distribution of power, resources, and obligations in society to all people, regardless of race, gender, ability, status, sexual orientation, and religious or spiritual background."

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Social justice

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Potential drawbacks to the co-leadership model include all of the following EXCEPT

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leaders who complement and balance each other

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Voluntary participation is an important beginning point for a successful group experience. _____________ in a group raises a different set of ethical issues and the negative attitudes of some members can contaminate the entire group experience

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Mandatory participation

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_____________ are basic for group workers who hope to practice ethically and responsibly

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Social justice and advocacy competencies

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When ______________ in a student arises, the group counselor-educator has multiple responsibilities to limit the risk of harm: to the individual student, to the other students in the experiential group, and to the training program

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problematic behavior

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The importance of multicultural competence for group psychotherapists has emerged as a

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ethical imperative

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Research in group counseling and psychotherapy notes that evidence-based practice reflects a commitment to what works, not on what theory applies. Groups should incorporate three pillars, which include all of the following EXCEPT

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frequent use of behavioral techniques

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____________ is raised in establishing criteria of psychosocial dysfunction, assessing the problems of the identified patient in the family context, and devising treatment strategies

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Ethical issues

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Family therapy training programs use three primary methods of training. They include all of the following EXCEPT

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famogram work

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The family systems perspective is grounded on the assumption that a client's problematic behavior may be

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a symptom of dysfunctional patterns handed down across generations

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Which of the following statements about differing perspectives on confidentiality with multiple clients is FALSE?

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Therapists should inform clients that any information given during private sessions will be divulged as they see fit in accordance with the greatest benefit to the family

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In the case of domestic violence, clinicians agree that conducting couples therapy while there is ongoing domestic violence

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presents a potential danger to the abused and is unethical

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Which of the practitioners described below would NOT be an effective family therapist?

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One who downplays the influence of diversity

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_____________ is a critical ethical issue in individual psychotherapy and a necessary part of the practice of couples and family therapy

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Informed consent

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When a practitioner has a license, he or she is

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not competent to work with all populations

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Marty is counseling with an Asian client who recently returned from a trip to Japan to visit relatives. His client wants to give him an inexpensive souvenir. It is important for Marty to

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be aware that accepting the gift may be culturally appropriate with this client

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When a client is unable to afford therapy, it is possible that he or she may

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offer a bartering arrangement or exchanging goods in lieu of a fee

question

A counselor is likely to adopt stricter social boundaries and will be concerned about polluting the transference relationship if he or she is

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already engaged in an active social life

question

Clients can file a legal complaint against a therapist for sexual misconduct by all of the following methods EXCEPT

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lodging a complaint with the AARP

question

In the authors' view, non-erotic touching between counselor and client should be

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a spontaneous and honest expression of the therapist's feelings

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Which of the following is NOT a controversy of boundary issues?

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Age, diagnosis, life experiences such as abuse, and culture are key elements of the therapeutic relationship

question

Which of the following statements about giving or receiving gifts is FALSE?

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It could be more problematic to accept a gift at a later stage of a counseling relationship

question

Miguel has been providing couples' counseling to Saundra and Steven for a couple of years and was recently invited to attend their 20th wedding anniversary party. Attending this event is an example of

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a potentially beneficial non-professional interaction

question

The ethics codes of most professional organizations provide guidelines for the ethical practice of bartering. Some more recent codes (APA, NASW, AAMFT, and ACA)

answer

take a more flexible and less punitive attitude toward bartering

question

Which of the following is NOT a code of ethics in regards to sexual contact and the therapeutic relationship from various professional organizations?

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Psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with current clients/patients; however, if a client/patient has not been treated within two years a relationship may become ethically approved

question

Linda is considering developing a multiple or dual relationship with her client. It's important for Linda to remember

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to consider whether the potential benefit outweighs the potential for harm

question

Which of the following statements is NOT true with respect to counselor competence?

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Only when the therapist completes a doctoral program are they competent to practice with all specialties

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If each professional organization developed specific guidelines pertaining to students' successful completion of a program, faculty in training programs

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would then have the backing of their professional association in determining the evaluation procedures to be used when decisions regarding retaining or dismissing students are made

question

According to the authors, a good training program encourages students to

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build on their life experiences and personal strengths and provides opportunities for expanding self-awareness

question

Referring clients to other professionals is

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appropriate when counselors do not have the clinical training or expertise to work with certain clients

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___________ is a developmentally informed process that provides useful feedback during one's training and throughout one's professional career

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Formative assessment

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The skills and training required to effectively and appropriately treat clients in a specific area of practice, and is both an ethical and legal concept, is the definition for

answer

therapist competence

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A school counselor was working with Quan, whose presenting problem was anxiety pertaining to academic success in college. This was within the scope of the school counselor's training. However, during the course of therapy, Quan became very depressed and engaged in self-mutilation and other forms of self-destructive behavior. Quan's counselor recognized that these symptoms and behaviors reflected a problem area that was outside the scope of his practice. Ethical practice required that the school counselor

answer

make a referral to another professional who is competent to treat Quan's problems

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To qualify as a substance abuse counselor, the CACREP (2009) standards identify specific knowledge, skills, and practices in all of the following areas EXCEPT

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personal substance abuse experience

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Barriers to dismissing a student who demonstrates dysfunctional interpersonal behavior from a training program include all of the following EXCEPT

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fear of legal reprisal by the institution

question

Registry is generally a voluntary listing of individuals who use a title or provide a service. ________ represents the least degree of regulation of professional practice

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Registration

question

When therapists extend the boundaries of their practice, or when they branch out into an area requiring specialty competence, they should

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seek consultation with a competent practitioner

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_____________ have a position of influence and operate in multiple roles

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Clinical supervisors

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To ensure an optimal learning experience, a supervisee is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT

answer

establishing flexible boundaries with your clients

question

Olivia, a new supervisor, is creating a template for a supervisory contract she can use with supervisees. In the contract, she should include information related to all of the following EXCEPT

answer

her personal religious and sexual values

question

Which of the following is NOT a reason clinical supervisors are increasingly vulnerable and at risk for ethical and legal liability?

answer

There are no formal courses a clinician can take to become a clinical supervisor

question

Boundary issues in the supervisory relationship for school counselors include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

discussing the evaluation process and procedures during the initial session

question

A primary aim of supervision is to create a context in which the supervisee can acquire the experience needed to become a

answer

independent professional

question

_________ is as essential as informed consent in counseling practice. It is beneficial to discuss the rights of supervisees from the beginning of the supervisory relationship in much the same way as the rights of clients are addressed early in the therapy process

answer

Informed consent in supervision

question

Confidentiality in online supervision is

answer

filled with potential problems such as the possibility of computer-savvy individuals hacking into confidential communications between supervisor and supervisee and the risk of confidential content being sent or forwarded to others in error

question

____________ encompasses the full range of cultural factors including race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, ability status, privilege, sexual orientation, spirituality and religion, values, gender, family characteristics and dynamics, country of origin, language, and age

answer

Multicultural supervision

question

____________ believe that many symptoms stem from problems within the system rather than originating in the individual

answer

Family systems therapists

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding evidence-based practice?

answer

It is synonymous with the term "empirically-supported treatments."

question

The clinical interview serves all of the following purposes EXCEPT

answer

providing the actual outcome of treatment

question

____________ is based on a medical model of mental illness that defines problems as residing with the individual rather than in society. It does not take into account the political, economic, social, and cultural factors in the lives of clients

answer

The DSM

question

A _____________ assigned to clients can have implications for their employment or future employability status

answer

diagnosis

question

Which of the following factors is NOT a best predictor of treatment outcome?

answer

Cost

question

A theoretical orientation is best described as

answer

a set of general guidelines that counselors can use to make sense of what they are hearing and what needs to change

question

Practitioners who argue AGAINST diagnosis

answer

claim that DSM labels stigmatize people

question

It is important to understand the common ___________ used in your profession, even if you choose not to use them in your practice

answer

assessment tools

question

Practicing counseling without an explicit theoretical rationale is somewhat like

answer

trying to sail a boat without a rudder 374

question

Competence in working with couples and families only comes with

answer

years of training and supervision

question

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the values that create the basis for the feminist perspective on family therapy?

answer

Therapists educate clients on the benefits of our patriarchal society and encourage them to continue in these gender roles

question

Yolanda is an experienced therapist who seems to always feel more compassionate toward the female members of the families she counsels. What are the most salient ethical issues involved in this case?

answer

Because of her bias, Yolanda may be inclined to collude with some family members against others, or otherwise contribute to dysfunctional family system dynamics

question

Some people are reluctant to engage in family therapy because

answer

they are not qualified for therapy due to minimal symptoms

question

In working with couples and families, opportunities for ethical practice are increased by combining a systems perspective with traditional approaches. Due to the paradigm shift in the field of psychology to accommodate the changing needs of service recipients

answer

systemic approaches must be taught side-by-side with individualistic approaches because many cultural groups are collectivistic.

question

Charles, a couples' therapist, recently met with a new couple seeking his services. During their initial meeting, Charles learned that the wife and husband are both in individual therapy. As an ethical practitioner, he should

answer

ask his new clients' permission to consult with their individual therapists

question

In ____________, sexist attitudes and patriarchal assumptions are examined for their impact on family relationships

answer

gender-sensitive couples and family therapy

question

Most family therapy training programs encourage __________ work and other processes designed to engage students with their own family-of-origin issues

answer

genogram

question

Which of the following is NOT an essential piece of information the family practitioner must provide before each individual agrees to participate in family therapy?

answer

The individual who will be identified as the source of the problems

question

____________ views psychological and relational problems as arising from within the individual's present environment and the intergenerational family system

answer

Systems theory

question

Feminists remind us that patriarchy has

answer

negative effects on both women and men

question

The authors believe that some type of screening, which involves interviewing and evaluating potential members, should be employed to select suitable members for a group. What question needs to be pondered when screening prospective group members?

answer

Is it appropriate for this person to become a participant in this type of group, with this leader, at this time?

question

Groups remain a powerful intervention tool

answer

across the life span, positively impacting childhood, adult, and geriatric disorders

question

The ethics codes of several professional organizations address a group practitioner's role in ensuring confidentiality in a group setting. Which of the following is NOT one of these codes?

answer

When working with a group, confidentiality and privacy are impossible to adhere to; therefore, these are both voluntary aspects of a group experience 0000000000000000000

question

Gail feels like she has not accomplished what she wanted in her therapy group and has decided to leave. Gail's therapist needs to

answer

encourage her to explain why she wants to leave to other group members

question

When participation in a group is part of a counseling master's program, safeguards must be in place to manage boundaries and reduce the risk of harm to students. These safeguards include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

exhibit problematic behaviors

question

The ___________ phase of group work may be the one that leaders handle most ineptly

answer

final (termination)

question

The fact that groups can be powerful catalysts for ____________ means that they can also be risky

answer

personal change

question

With respect to confidentiality, group leaders have a responsibility to do all of the following EXCEPT

answer

explain it is not mandatory, but a voluntary process

question

Implications of group members and their therapists communicating with each other online, and when group members communicate with other members via the Internet, include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

increased risk of breach of confidentiality

question

If you are a licensed mental health professional, there is one item that is mandated by the state to be displayed in your office. What is that item?

answer

License

question

All appointments to the board of Clinical Social Work, Marriage and Family Therapy, and Mental Health Counseling are made by the

answer

Licensed members of the profession by voting

question

For each renewal period of your license, you must complete ________hours of continuing education credits

answer

30

question

All of the following except one are areas you need additional training in, in order to hold yourself out as a sex therapist

answer

Height assessment with sex offenders

question

According to Florida statutes, to become a licensed mental health counselor, you must complete at least __________ year(s) of clinical experience at the post masters level

answer

2

question

The name of the exam you must pass in Florida to be a licensed mental health counselor is

answer

National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination

question

Sammi Smith, a marriage and family therapist, refers many of his clients to Carl Counselor, L.M.H.C. In return, Carl gives him $50 for each client that comes. This is referred to as a ___________and is _________

answer

kickback; illegal

question

The Florida statutes state that sexual intimacy between therapists and clients is prohibited for three years following termination

answer

False

question

According to FS. 491.014, what is the term by which you must refer to yourself until you are licensed?

answer

Registered mental health counselor intern

question

Each person who is seeking licensure in the state of Florida is required to complete an AIDS course. This state gives you ______months to complete the course

answer

6

question

As a licensed mental health counselor, every two years, you must renew your license at which time you must pay a renewal fee of

answer

$150

question

The initial fee for licensure as a Mental Health Counselor includes the application fee and the initial licensure fee for a total of

answer

$250

question

There is one content area the board specifies that you must receive continuing education credits in

answer

Clinical competence

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