question

24 Hour Recall:

answer

A record of foods consumed in the previous 24 hours, sometimes modified to include foods consumed in a typical day. A guided interview, person recounts all foods/beverages consumed during the previous day.

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Diet History:

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A comprehensive record of a person's food intake and dietary practices. A detailed account of a person's dietary practices, includes food intake, lifestyle habits, and other factors that may influence food choices, such as food allergies.beliefs about nutrition and health.

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Food Frequency:

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A survey of foods routinely consumed during a specific time period. Common foods/food groups with check boxes to indicate the frequency of consumption.

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Food Record:

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A detailed log of food eaten during a specified time period, usually several days. A written account of foods and beverages consumed during a specified time period, usually several consecutive days. Foods are recorded as they are consumed in order to obtain the most complete and accurate record possible.

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Anthropometrics:

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Related to physical measurements of the human body, such as height, weight, body circumferences, and percentage of body fat.

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Calorie Counts:

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Estimates of food energy and often protein, consumed by patients during one or more days.

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Wasting:

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The gradual atrophy of body tissues, associated with protein-energy malnutrition or chronic illness.

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Albumin:

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The most abundant serum protein, many medical conditions influence its status.

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Diet progression:

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A change in diet as a patient's tolerances permit.

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Dysphagia:

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A soft-textured or pureed diet may be prescribed for a person with this disease.

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Residue:

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Material left in the intestine after digestion.

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Tube Feedings:

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Liquid formulas delivered through a tube placed in the stomach or intestine.

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Diet Manual:

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A resource that specifies the foods or preparation methods to include or exclude in modified diets, and also provides sample menus.

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Parenteral:

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Type of nutrition support appropriate for a person with a non-functioning GI tract.

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Clear Liquid Diet:

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A diet that consists of foods that are liquid at body temperature, require minimal digestion, and leave little residue in the colon.

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Appropriate use for Clear Liquid Diet:

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Preparation for bowel surgery or colonoscopy, acute GI disturbances (surgeries), or transition diet after IV feeding. FOR SHORT TERM USE ONLY.

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Consistency:

answer

Foods included in a modified diet may be altered in texture, ____________ , or nutrient content.

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A man in the hospital just for a knee surgery will likely receive what kind of diet?

answer

REGULAR

question

Selective menu:

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A type of menu that provides choices in some or all menu categories.

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HACCP

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Systems of food or formula preparation that identify food safety hazards and critical control points during foodservice procedures.

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The TLC diet prescribes 200 mg or less of ___________ per day?

answer

Cholesterol

question

A diet with 30-35% of kcal from fat may help those with elevated blood ____________ ?

answer

triglycerides

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The TLC recommendation is to restrict _________ fat to <7% of total kcal?

answer

Saturated

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Trans fats are found in partially ____________ oils?

answer

hydrogenated

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Dietary ____________ inhibits cholesterol and bile absorption?

answer

soluble fiber

question

EPA and DHA are found in _________ ?

answer

Fatty fish

question

Plant sterols and _______ interfere with bile absorption?

answer

Stanols

question

_______ Can lower blood pressure?

answer

Potassium

question

Ideally, the TLC diet will include plenty of whole grains, fruits, and __________ ?

answer

vegetables

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Light to moderate _______ consumption has favorable effects on HDL and blood-clotting activity?

answer

Alcohol

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______ can raise blood pressure in some people?

answer

Sodium

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Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

answer

GI disturbance and liver toxicity

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MAO Inhibitors

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Avoid/limit tyramine-containing foods

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Prednisone

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Fluid/sodium retention, nausea/vomiting, increased appetite, increased weight, increased risk of bone loss.

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Furosemide

answer

Decreases blood potassium

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Warfarin

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Affects blood clotting, important to regulate Vitamin K intake

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Simvastatin

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Avoid grapefruit

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Low-sodium diet

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This is a diet often used with patients who have hypertension, congestive heart failure, or kidney disease.

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Clear liquid diet

answer

This is a diet commonly used before or after a patient has GI surgery. Consists of foods such as gelatin, carbonated beverages, and chicken broth.

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Low-fiber diet

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This diet eliminates whole-grain breads, nuts, most fresh fruits, and many vegetables.

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NPO

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This is a diet order indicating that a patient is not allowed to eat at all.

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Mechanically altered diet

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This is a diet commonly given to a patient with impaired swallowing.

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Blenderized diet

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This is a diet commonly given to a patient who has recently had jaw surgery.

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Pickwickian syndrome:

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A breathing blockage linked with sudden death.

question

Central obesity:

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Excess fat around the trunk of the body putting a person at risk of heart disease and diabetes.

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Sleep Apnea:

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Abnormal ceasing of breathing during sleep

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Waist Circumference:

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A measurement used to assess a person's abdominal fat. (35 inches women, 40 inches men)

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Male Athletes:

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Body fat may be 5-10%

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Obesity:

answer

Overfatness with adverse health effects, officially defined as a BMI of 30 or higher

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Intra-abdominal fat:

answer

Fat stored within the abdominal cavity in association with the internal abdominal organs, as opposed to fat stored directly under the skin.

question

Obese people pay more for clothing and _________ premiums?

answer

insurance

question

Skin Fold Measure:

answer

A clinical estimate of total body fatness in which the thickness of a fold of skin on the back of the arm, below the shoulder blade, or in other places is measured with a caliper.

question

Ischemia:

answer

Lack of blood flow to the tissues

question

Thrombosis:

answer

Blood clotting within the artery

question

Psyllium:

answer

A soluble fiber effective at lowering blood cholesterol

question

Angina pectoris:

answer

Chest pain

question

Homocysteine:

answer

An amino acid whose blood levels are positively correlated with risk for CHD

question

Myocardial Infarction:

answer

A heart attack

question

Saturated Fat:

answer

The dietary component that has the strongest effect on blood cholesterol levels.

question

Atherosclerosis:

answer

Hardening of the arteries

question

Nicotinic Acid:

answer

A form of vitamin B3 that can lower blood cholesterol when taken at prescription levels (Niacin)

question

HDL:

answer

A type of lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from circulation.

question

C-Reactive Protein:

answer

The best clinical indicator of the acute phase response, an acute-phase protein released from the liver during acute inflammation or stress.

question

Epinephrine:

answer

A stress hormone that stimulates the heart muscle, raises blood pressure, and increases metabolic rate.

question

Abscesses:

answer

Accumulated pus.

question

Hypercapnia:

answer

Excess CO2 in the blood.

question

SIRS: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

answer

A stress condition where a patient has an increased heart rate, respiratory rate, high white blood cell count, and/or increased body temperature.

question

Dyspnea:

answer

Shortness of breath

question

Refeeding syndrome:

answer

A condition that develops when a severely malnourished patient is aggressively fed. Patient can die due to electrolyte imbalance, nutrients must be delivered very slowly.

question

Debridement:

answer

Removal of dead tissue.

question

Cortisol:

answer

A stress hormone that in excess can cause depletion of protein, impair wound healing, and contribute to hyperglycemia.

question

Phagocytes:

answer

White blood cells (neutrophils and macrophages) that have the ability to engulf and destroy antigens.

question

Eicosanoids:

answer

20-carbon molecules derived from dietary fatty acids that help to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and other body functions.

question

Mast Cells:

answer

Cells within connective tissue that produce and release histamine.

question

Bronchi:

answer

The main airways of the lungs.

question

Complement:

answer

A group of plasma proteins that assist the activities of antibodies.

question

Cytokines:

answer

Signaling proteins, those produced by white blood cells and regulate various aspects of immune function.

question

Alveoli:

answer

Air sacs in the lungs.

question

MODS:

answer

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

question

PKU: Phenylketonuria

answer

A metabolic disorder that affects amino acid metabolism. The missing or defective protein is the liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which converts the essential amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine. Without the enzyme, phenylalanine accumulates in the blood and tissues and severely damages the developing brain.

question

MNT for PKU

answer

A diet that restricts phenylalanine and supplies tyrosine so that the blood levels of these amino acids are maintained within safe ranges.

question

Sepsis:

answer

A whole-body inflammatory response caused by infection; characterized by symptoms similar to those of systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

question

Classic signs of inflammation: "Sharp"

answer

1) Swelling, from the accumulation of fluid at the site of injury 2) Heat, from the influx of warm arterial blood 3) Redness, from the increase in blood and red blood cells in the injured area 4) Pain, from the release of chemical mediators that stimulate pain receptors

question

Main features of the TLC plan include:

answer

Blood cholesterol lowering diet Regular physical activity Weight reduction

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