PEAT exam 4 – Flashcards

Which of the following is an ABNORMAL response to aerobic exercise? 1. Increase in respiratory rate 2. Decrease in systolic blood pressure 3. Increase in pulse rate 4. Minimal change in diastolic pressure

If a patient is able to resist moderate pressure against elbow flexion during seated muscle testing, the elbow flexor strength should be documented as: 1. Good (4/5). 2. Normal (5/5). 3. Poor (2/5). 4. Fair (3/5).

A postsurgical patient is referred for strengthening exercises for hip extension combined with passive range of motion exercises for hip flexion for the same limb in the pool. How should the physical therapist assistant instruct the patient to exercise in the water? 1. Stand on the uninvolved leg. Allow the involved-side knee to float up toward the surface. Push the foot back down to the bottom of the pool. 2. Stand on the involved leg. Bend the uninvolved hip and knee to perform a mini-squat. Relax and float back up into standing. 3. Stand on the uninvolved leg. Allow the involved leg to float to the side toward the surface. Push the foot back down to the bottom of the pool. 4. Stand on the involved leg. Allow the uninvolved knee to float up toward the surface. Push the foot down to the bottom of the pool.

In order to accelerate a power-driven wheelchair, a patient with spastic quadriplegia secondary to cerebral palsy extends his head and thereby extends his upper extremity. Which reflex is the patient using to accelerate his wheelchair? 1. Symmetrical tonic neck reflex 2. Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex 3. Protective extension reflex 4. Tonic labyrinthine reflex

While walking, a patient with muscular dystrophy is beginning to show signs of toe walking. Which of the following should be a component of the current treatment? 1. Assist the patient's family with wheelchair selection and use. 2. Modify the home environment to facilitate care. 3. Incorporate stretching exercises into a home program. 4. Modify orthotics and provide an assistive device to facilitate walking.

A physical therapist assistant is measuring the active range of motion of a patient's knee following total knee arthroplasty. The patient lacks 20° of full knee extension and has 87° of knee flexion. How should this be documented as a range? 1. -20° to 87° 2. 20° to 0° to 87° 3. -20° to 0° to 87° 4. 20° to 87°

A patient who has degenerative joint disease of the lumbosacral spine reports pain in the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle. This pain may result from compression of the nerve root at which of the following spinal levels? 1. L4 2. L5 3. S2 4. S3

Which of the following exercises would be MOST appropriate for a patient who excessively flexes the right knee from heel strike (initial contact) to foot flat (loading response) during the gait cycle? 1. Open-chain resisted hamstring curls with weights 2. Closed-chain calf stretches 3. Closed-chain resisted terminal knee extension 4. Open-chain quadriceps setting

Which of the following is true about tilt-in-space wheelchairs? 1. The back-to-seat angle remains unchanged. 2. The seat-to-back angle changes. 3. The back of the wheelchair tilts. 4. The seat tilts downward.

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is experiencing dyspnea after exercise. In what position is it MOST appropriate to place the patient? 1. Lying in a semi-Fowler position with legs higher than the heart 2. Sitting with arms propped behind the patient 3. Sitting with arms propped forward on a table 4. Lying in a Trendelenburg position with legs bent at the knees

A patient with complete C7 tetraplegia has spasticity of the lower extremities. A physical therapist assistant is teaching the patient to transfer from bed to wheelchair using a sliding board. Which of the following positions is MOST appropriate for the assistant to use to guard and protect the patient? 1. Slightly in front and to one side of the patient 2. Slightly behind and to one side of the patient 3. Behind the patient with one hand on the patient's anterior shoulder 4. To the side of the patient with one hand on the back side of the gait belt

The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is moderately reduced in a patient with long-standing C6 quadriplegia. Which of the following conditions is the BEST explanation for the low measure? 1. Bronchoconstriction 2. Hypercapnia 3. Air trapping 4. Weak abdominal muscles

A physical therapist assistant is using ultrasound to treat a patient who has an acute grade I ankle inversion sprain. What are the MOST appropriate parameters and location for this intervention? 1. 1 MHz, 100% duty cycle, to the anterior and inferior aspect of the lateral malleolus 2. 1 MHz, 100% duty cycle, to the posterior and inferior aspect of the lateral malleolus 3. 3 MHz, 20% duty cycle, to the anterior and inferior aspect of the lateral malleolus 4. 3 MHz, 20% duty cycle, to the posterior and inferior aspect of the lateral malleolus

A patient with meningitis is MOST likely to report pain in which of the following locations? 1. Left abdomen 2. Chest 3. Neck 4. Shoulder

A patient has an acute lateral ankle sprain and is demonstrating cardinal signs of inflammation. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate at this point? 1. Manually resisted isotonic exercises 2. Passive range of motion 3. Manual stretching exercises 4. Oscillatory joint mobilizations at end range

The plan of care for a patient with Cushing syndrome includes exercises for the lower extremities. Which of the following types of exercise is MOST appropriate for the patient? 1. Weight-bearing 2. Open-chain 3. Passive 4. High-impact

If the result of an anterior drawer test is positive, which of the following knee ligaments is damaged? 1. Posterior cruciate 2. Anterior cruciate 3. Lateral collateral 4. Medial collateral

Which of the following trophic changes is MOST likely to occur in the skin of the lower extremities in the presence of decreased perfusion? 1. Absent leg hair 2. Hirsutism 3. Moist, clammy skin 4. Increased skin temperature

Which of the following tests is MOST likely to be used in the examination of a patient with hyperthyroidism? 1. Deep tendon reflexes 2. Romberg test 3. Two-point discrimination 4. Babinski reflex

What is the PRIMARY purpose for the use of static resting splints for a patient who has juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? 1. To support joints until inflammation subsides 2. To improve performance during functional tasks 3. To provide a progressive low-load stretch 4. To increase soft tissue length

A patient who vaginally delivered twins 1 month ago experiences loss of urine when coughing or laughing. Which type of incontinence is the patient experiencing? 1. Urge 2. Functional 3. Stress 4. Overflow

A patient who has Parkinson disease is being instructed in bed mobility. Which of the following activities is LEAST likely to enhance the quality of movement? 1. Crossing one lower extremity over the other 2. Rotating the upper and lower trunk sequentially 3. Reaching diagonally with an upper extremity 4. Practicing log rolling in both directions

During resisted strength testing for shoulder abduction, a patient reports severe pain and the patient's arm drops. Which of the following conditions is MOST consistent with this presentation? 1. Acute inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon 2. Complete rupture of the infraspinatus muscle 3. Palsy of the axillary nerve 4. Partial tear of the proximal biceps tendon

In a patient with a complete T5 spinal cord injury, which of the following conditions is characterized by a flushed face, profuse sweating, and a severe headache? 1. Heterotopic ossification 2. Orthostatic hypotension 3. Autonomic dysreflexia 4. Spinal shock

During testing for stereognosis, the patient is asked to perform which of the following activities? 1. To determine which area of the body is being touched by the examiner 2. To identify a letter traced on the skin by the examiner 3. To determine the relative weight of different objects 4. To identify an object placed in the hand by touch alone

A physical therapist assistant wants to facilitate rolling to the left for the infant in the photograph. Which of the following primitive reflexes would MOST inhibit the movement? 1. Landau 2. Symmetrical tonic neck 3. Tonic labyrinthine 4. Asymmetrical tonic neck *( the baby is supine with head turned to outreached arm and other arm is flexed)

A patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of the following methods is BEST for monitoring the patient's response to activity? 1. Blood pressure 2. Heart rate 3. Rating of perceived exertion 4. Respiratory rate

A patient reports increased emotional stress during treatment. Which of the following physiological responses are MOST likely present in the patient? 1. Decreased metabolic rate and decreased heart rate 2. Decreased metabolic rate and increased heart rate 3. Increased metabolic rate and decreased heart rate 4. Increased metabolic rate and increased heart rate

Which of the following pieces of adaptive equipment would MOST enhance the safety of using a bathtub for a patient who has a balance disorder? 1. Transfer bench 2. Hand-held showerhead 3. Horizontal grab bars 4. Nonskid adhesive strips

Which of the following conditions is BEST described as a malunion? 1. A fracture combined with joint dislocation 2. A fracture with more than two fracture fragments 3. A fracture that has healed with an angular deformity 4. A fracture that does not heal in the expected time frame

Which of the following exercises is MOST appropriate for a postpartum patient who has a 3 finger-width diastasis recti? 1. Head lift with pelvic tilt 2. Oblique trunk curls 3. Trunk curls 4. Heel slides

Which of the following terms BEST describes the use of a patient's patellar ligament tissue to repair a tear in the patient's anterior cruciate ligament? 1. Allograft 2. Autograft 3. Heterograft 4. Xenograft

When using iontophoresis to reduce pain, which of the following parameters are MOST appropriate? 1. Use of lidocaine with positive polarity on the drug delivery electrode 2. Use of lidocaine with negative polarity on the drug delivery electrode 3. Use of dexamethasone with positive polarity on the drug delivery electrode 4. Use of dexamethasone with negative polarity on the drug delivery electrode

Which of the following statements BEST describes an empty end-feel? 1. Motion is limited by pain. 2. Motion is limited by soft tissue. 3. Motion is limited by the joint capsule. 4. Motion is limited by bone contacting bone.

A patient is referred to physical therapy due to a recent onset of shoulder pain. Which of the following conditions would be a CONTRAINDICATION for the use of electrical stimulation to decrease the patient's pain? 1. Diabetes mellitus 2. Lung cancer with metastases 3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 4. Recent coronary artery bypass graft of three vessels

A patient has difficulty elevating an upper extremity in the frontal plane. The patient MOST likely has weakness of which of the following muscles? 1. Deltoid 2. Subscapularis 3. Pectoralis major 4. Latissimus dorsi

A patient has abnormal sensation in the areas indicated in the photograph. Which of the following muscles have the GREATEST risk for loss of motor function? 1. Supinator and abductor pollicis 2. Supinator and extensor pollicis brevis 3. Pronator teres and abductor pollicis 4. Pronator teres and opponens pollicis

An individual stands with the patellae facing straight ahead. Which of the following observations would indicate that genu valgum is present? 1. Medial malleoli touching and space between the knees 2. Medial border of the knees touching and space between the medial malleoli 3. Tibial shafts rotated medially (internally) and space between the thighs 4. Space between both the knees and the feet

A patient is being discharged home in a wheelchair that has removable armrests and footrests. Two family members will work together to tilt the wheelchair to the rear and back it up the steps into the home. Which of the following procedures would be MOST effective for performing this task? 1. One person holds one armrest and one footrest, and the other person holds the other armrest and the other footrest. 2. One person holds the push handles, and the other person holds the bottom of the wheelchair frame near the footrests. 3. One person holds the push handles, and the other person holds the footrests. 4. One person holds one push handle and one armrest, and the other person holds the other push handle and the other armrest.

In a research study, visual analog scale ratings of pain were obtained after treatment with massage and either aerobic exercise for 20 minutes or aerobic exercise for 40 minutes. Which of the following study components is the dependent variable? 1. Visual analog scale 2. Pain 3. Massage 4. Heart rate

A patient sustained a dislocation at the glenohumeral joint with a tear of the anterior aspect of the joint capsule. During the patient's exercise program, which of the following motions of the joint should be AVOIDED? 1. Flexion 2. Horizontal abduction 3. Medial (internal) rotation 4. Horizontal adduction

A physical therapist assistant is providing home health therapy for a patient who has type 1 diabetes. The patient reports having discontinued taking insulin. Which of the following courses of action should the assistant take FIRST? 1. Instruct the patient in the proper technique for injection of insulin. 2. Report the information to the patient's home health nurse. 3. Tell the patient's family to report this information to the physician. 4. Have the patient perform a urine glucose test during the home visit.

A physical therapist assistant is testing a patient for lower extremity weakness. Passive range of motion is within normal limits. The patient is seated. The patient tries to dorsiflex and invert the right foot but is unable to move the foot through the full range of motion and is unable to take any resistance applied by the assistant. During the subsequent gait observation, the patient would MOST likely display which of the following gait patterns? 1. Normal gait, with no deviations 2. Increased right hip flexion during swing phase 3. Throwing the trunk backward, on the right side, shortly after heel strike (initial contact) 4. Laterally bending toward the right side during midstance

A patient who has a history of myelomeningocele has no response to sensation testing below the umbilicus. The level of lesion is MOST likely: 1. T10-T11. 2. L1-L2. 3. L3-L4. 4. L5-S1.

A 14-month-old child who has brachial nerve palsy exhibits motor and sensory loss in the right upper extremity in the areas innervated by C5 and C6. Which of the following activities is MOST difficult for the patient to accomplish with the affected upper extremity? 1. Pushing a wagon 2. Carrying a teddy bear in the crook of the arm 3. Holding a raisin in the palm of the hand 4. Grasping a cup

The body responds to an acute drop in cardiac output, or heart failure, by compensating in which of the following ways? 1. Bradycardia, increase in blood volume 2. Bradycardia, ventricular atrophy 3. Tachycardia, increase in blood volume 4. Tachycardia, ventricular atrophy

A physical therapist assistant is treating a patient who had a right total hip arthroplasty and is restricted to partial weight-bearing status. The patient is unable to follow the weight-bearing precautions because of dementia. Which of the following courses of action is MOST appropriate for the assistant? 1. Consult with the evaluating physical therapist and recommend discharge of the patient from physical therapy services because the patient is unable to follow instructions. 2. Continue with the current plan of care for 2 more days to see if the patient shows some improvement. 3. Continue with the current plan of care for 2 more days, then consult with the evaluating physical therapist to recommend change of the assistive device. 4. Consult with the evaluating physical therapist and discuss contacting the physician about changing the weight-bearing status or discontinuing gait training.

A patient's plan of care calls for a physical therapist assistant to instruct the patient in the exercise shown in the photograph and to provide transverse friction massage at the origin of the common wrist extensors. The patient MOST likely has which of the following conditions? 1. Medial epicondylalgia 2. Cubital tunnel syndrome 3. Lateral epicondylalgia 4. Carpal tunnel syndrome ( the wrist is flexed with other hand over top of it)

The parent of a 2-year-old child who has T8 myelomeningocele asks the physical therapist assistant if the child should wear shoes when braces are removed during playtime. Which of the following responses is MOST appropriate? 1. Yes, because the shoes will make the child more aware of foot positions. 2. Yes, because the shoes will protect the feet from injury. 3. No, because the feet do not need support in non-weight-bearing positions. 4. No, because the child will be more comfortable without shoes.

A patient asks how a transcutaneous nerve stimulator set up in low-rate mode decreases pain. Which of the following mechanisms BEST describes how this form of electrical stimulation works? 1. Thermal effects of the intervention increase blood flow to the painful area. 2. The intervention restores the flow of energy through the meridians of the body. 3. The electrical impulses stimulate the release of the body's natural opiates. 4. The electrical impulses reach the spinal cord before the pain impulses, blocking the pain signals from reaching the brain.