Unit 4 Apex Health – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Chronic disease
answer
diseases that persist for a long time
question
Communicable Disease
answer
Can be transferred from one individual to another, happens through direct or indirect contact or through a third organism
question
Non-communicable disease
answer
not caused by infectious agents
question
Examples of communicable diseases
answer
flu (influenza), cold, STDs (AIDs, human papilloma virus (HPV), gonorrhea syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydia), diseases from animals (lyme caught from ticks, West Nile Virus caught from mosquitos bites), bacterial infections, childhood diseases (measles, chicken pox, whooping cough (pertussis), mumps)
question
Pathogen
answer
living or nonliving entity that causes disease
question
Bacteria
answer
tiny-single celled organisms, type of pathogen Few bacteria can cause disease by infecting tissues, feeding on our cells and producing poisons Can be killed by antibiotics Ex- Staphylococcus aureus-infect the skin
question
Viruses
answer
nonliving structures consisting of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat Invade cells in order to reproduce and survive (type of pathogen) Can be killed by immune system or antiviral drugs Cannot be killed by antibiotics Ex-cold
question
Fungi
answer
Include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms few are pathogens Often result from imbalances in the bacteria normally colonize our bodies and prevent fungi from gaining foothold Ex- Candida Albicans (yeast) and athlete's foot
question
Protists and worms
answer
protist- single-celled microorganisms Ex- malaria, giardia and amoebic dysentery Parasitic worms include tapeworms, nematodes, flukes and flatworms Common ones- hookworm, schistosomiasis and intestinal tapeworms
question
Vaccine
answer
substance that activates your immune system against a specific disease to protect you when you encounter the pathogen
question
Malaria
answer
transmitted by mosquitoes, disease is caused by a protist
question
Neglected tropical diseases
answer
affects 1-in-6 people include schistosomiasis (parasitic worm), hookworm, river blindness, elephantiasis, intestinal roundworms, chagas disease
question
Diarrheal diseases
answer
caused from drinking water that contains fecal matter, several different pathogens Ex- cholera (bacterial), rotavirus, protist and worm infections.
question
3 types of disease transmissions
answer
Animal vectors, indirect contact, direct contact
question
Disease prevention
answer
education, early interventions, public health reporting, vaccination
question
Epidemic
answer
widespread occurrence of a disease in a population
question
Pandemic
answer
worldwide epidemic
question
Uncontrollable risk factors
answer
climate, age, poverty
question
Controllable risk factors
answer
hygiene, nutrition and sleep, risky behaviors
question
Important chronic and noncommunicable diseases
answer
cardiovascular disease, cancer, lung disease, allergies, diabetes, asthma
question
Cancer
answer
uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body
question
Risk factor of chronic and noncommunicable diseases
answer
obesity, tobacco use, life style (nutrition, physical activity, sleep), air quality, family history, toxic chemicals, UV radiation,
question
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease
answer
cigarette smoking, secondhand smoke, obesity, inactivity
question
Risks for diabetes
answer
inactivity sugary drinks/saturated fats, obesity, sleep deficiency
question
Risk factors for cancer
answer
cigarette smoking, secondhand smoke, UV light exposure, obesity, and toxic chemicals
question
Blood test
answer
check levels of many chemicals in your blood, including sodium, calcium and potassium check glucose measure, cholesterol, fats, and proteins
question
Oral health
answer
health of the mouth and gums and teeth has effects beyond mouth also effects on diabetes and possibly cardiovascular disease
question
Normal blood pressure
answer
120/80
question
health insurance
answer
financial product, exchange for a payment or series of payments, insurance will pay agreed-upon amounts for specified medical services
question
Automated external defibrillators (AEDs)
answer
devices that restore a normal heart rhythm can be operated with only limited skills or knowledge
question
infectious agent
answer
something that can be transmitted from one individual to another which causes disease. directly transmitted or indirectly. agent may be living, like bacterium or nonliving like a virus
question
Salmonella
answer
bacteria, lives in types of raw food including meat, poultry, and egg products
question
Mononucleosis
answer
caused by Epstein-Barr virus Symptoms-fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, tonsils and spleen, fever, headache or skin rash Commonly called "kissing disease" because one way to get it is by kissing an infected person sharing items that have been in contact with infected person's saliva This virus never leaves the body of an infected person
question
Conjunctivitis (pinkeye)
answer
caused by virus or a bacterium symptoms-redness, increased tearing, thick discharge from eye, itchy and burning eyes Transmitted from person to person
question
Cold sores
answer
caused by herpes virus, stays with you for life painful around lips and mouth
question
Staph infection
answer
caused by Staphylococcus bacteria are harmless and easily treated Often affect the skin Can transmitted through direct/indirect contact
question
Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI)
answer
scans inner anatomy using strong magnets, safe 3-dimensional imaging of soft internal anatomy
question
Ultra sound
answer
show internal anatomy, produces sound waves which are too high to be heard, smaller and less EXPENSIVE than other technologies like CT or MRIs, soft internal anatomy Examine-muscles/cartilage and tendons
question
X-ray
answer
image of bones, hard anatomy, INEXPENSIVE, 2 dimensional
question
Sonogram
answer
form images of soft tissue and relatively safe, energy is kept low
question
Computerized tomography (CT)
answer
person's intermal anatomy, produces images that look like visual "Slices", inexpensive, 3 dimensional imaging of hard internal anatomy
question
Insulin pump
answer
semiautomatic administration of diabetes treatment, combines manual and automatic insulin administration to manage DIABETES (Includes flexible plastic tube-Catneter) This is inserted into fatty tissue
question
Glucose meter
answer
measures blood glucose concentration (Patient managed)
question
Implanted devices
answer
correct medical conditions (ex pacemakers, neurostimulators and artificial joints)
question
Pacemaker
answer
regulated heart beat, when patient suffers from arrhythmia these may be combined with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) to deliver high energy shock if the heart stops
question
Neurostimulators
answer
used to treat epilepsy, reduce pain and improve hearing
question
Artificial joints (materials)
answer
made of ceramic/metal or plastic
question
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
answer
rely on reverse transcription (RT) OCR and real-time PCR use fluoresent labeling and more Based on converting RNA to DNA and then copying the DNA
question
DNA profile/ "fingerprint"
answer
produced by fluorescently labeling the DNA fragments obtained
question
Antiviral drug
answer
works against the flu
question
1938 two scientists and what they made
answer
jonas salk and thomas francis-first flu vaccine
question
1918 killing of 30 and 50 million people worldwide
answer
flu pandemic
question
1930s helped produce millions of flu vaccine doses
answer
culture flu viruses
question
1990s help people avoid serious illness from flu
answer
Flu antiviral drugs
question
Telemedicine
answer
medicine at a distance Specialties in cardiology and obstetries
question
Cancer (detected by and treatments)
answer
help detected by CT and MRI treatment: chemotherapy and radiation therapy, surgery
question
Endoscopy
answer
tiny video camera, goes into body and makes routine scans of the colon
question
Diabetes (detectors and treatment)
answer
detected by glucose meters and measure special form of hemoglobin (glucose levels over time) Treatments: genetic engineering of human insulin, home blood glucose meters, glucose pump, glucose monitors
question
Schizophrenia (detection and treatment)
answer
diagnosed through assessment of a patient's symptoms, tests:blood test/CT/MRI scans Treatment: anti-psychotic drugs
question
Bipolar disorder (Detection and treatment)
answer
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans of the brain Treatment-different drugs, work based on behavior and mood
question
Mammogram (what do they detect)
answer
detect early breast cancer
