MI 3.2 Quiz – Flashcards
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basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
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-non malignant skin cancers -most types of skin cancers -slight discoloration of skin, change in texture -occurs most over age 50 -very treatable if detected early, if has not spread to dermis
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melanoma
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malignant, starts by invading dermis, ABCDE= signs could indicate melanoma
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risk factor
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something that increases your chances that you will get cancer
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environmental risk factor
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something in your environment that increases your risk for getting a certain cancer (ex: pollution, sun, etc.)
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behavioral risk factor
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a behavior that increases your risk for getting a certain cancer (ex: smoking, tanning, etc.)
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genetic risk factor
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a trait/gene/allele that may be mutated and increases your risk for getting a certain cancer (ex: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations)
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melanocytes
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cells in epidermis that produce pigment; more pigment (darker skin)= blocks UV rays; less pigment= allows more UV rays to get to cells --> mutations in DNA --> cancer
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asymmetry
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A
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border
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B
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color
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C
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diameter
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D
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evolving
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E
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mutant yeast
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died when exposed to UV light unless covered by foil
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wild type yeast
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DNA regenerated after being exposed to UV light, yeast grew after being exposed to UV light
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STR
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short tandem repeat; used because the allele is close to the trait we are looking to examine, genes on same chromosome tend to act similarly (if one has a mutation ie. longer nucleotide sequence, the gene on the same chromosome will likely have the same mutation)
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HPV
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-sexually transmitted -both men and women infected -main cause of cervical cancer; associated with mouth and throat cancers -Gardasil: vaccinates against 4 strains associated with cervical cancer
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epstein-barr virus
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-causes mono -in Herpes virus family -stays in WBC's even after symptoms pass -Burkitt Lymphoma, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal Cancer, stomach cancer -no vaccines
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hep B and hep C
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-cause liver infections -long term Hep B or C infections increase risk for liver cancer -vaccine for Hep B not Hep C
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screenings for cancer
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-pap smear: cervical -mammogram: breast -colonoscopy: colon -DRE- prostate
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virology
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the study of viruses
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sporadic cancer
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cancers that occur due to genetic changes acquired over time
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familial cancer
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cancer that occurs in families; due to a combination of risk factors including inherited susceptibility, environmental factors, and chance
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hereditary cancer
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cancer that results from genetic changes that are passed on from one generation to the next
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allele
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alternative forms of the same gene
