Unit 4: Skeleton of Thorax/Breast – Flashcards
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Describe the physical structure of the rib cage, using a single technical term.
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Osteocartilaginous
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What type of cartilage forms the costal cartilage?
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Hyaline
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Name the three sections of the sternum?
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Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid process
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Laterally, the manubrium forms joints with these two structures?
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Costal cartilages of rib 1
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Inferiorly, the manubrium forms joints with these two structures?
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Body of sternum and part of second costal cartilages
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If a pulse within the aorta is seen above the sternal notch, this might be because:
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If exercising too heavily, if its valve doesn't function properly or if its diameter is too small
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The sternal angle is a clinical marker for the:
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2nd rib
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You want to listen to the heart valves using a stethoscope. You could place the stethoscope at these intercostal spaces:
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Left 2nd intercostal space and right 2nd intercostal space
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Laterally, the sternal body forms joints with these structures.
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Costal cartilage and ribs 2-7
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Inferiorly, the sternal body forms a joint with this structure.
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Xiphoid process
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The tip of the xiphoid process is a clinical marker for the:
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Superior liver surface, apex (tip) of heart, and diaphragm central tendon
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Numbers __ through __ are true ribs. Explain why.
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1 - 7. Each attach to sternum via its own costal rib cartilage
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Numbers __ through __ are false ribs. Explain why?
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8-12. All attach to rib 7 by an elongated cartilage. It has no direct connection to sternum.
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All ribs form a joint posteriorly with ___ of the vertebra.
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Their respective bodies
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The tubercle of a rib forms a joint with this structure.
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Transverse processes of vertebrae
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Rib 9 forms 3 joints. Where can each be found?
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Transverse costal facet of T9 and the demifacets of T8 and T9
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Rib 1 is distinct from all others. Describe its 3 unique physical features.
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Flattened; shortest rib, grooves for subclavian vessels on its superior surface, and lies directly inferior and posterior to the clavicle
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Ribs 11 and 12 have only a single joint. What is it?
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Their respective vertebral bodies only
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Breast milk is produced in this form of gland:
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Apocrine sweat gland
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Trace the pathway of breast milk from the gland cell to the breast exit through these 4 structures.
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Alveoli, Lactiferous duct, lactiferous sinus, and nipple
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List four visible signs of breast cancer.
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Painless lump or thickening in breast, painful lump, bloody discharge from nipple, and an inverted nipple
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Imagine that you're in a public setting and witness an individual who loses consciousness. You quickly decide to perform CPR, and you begin by finding the person's xiphoid process. How might you do that?
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There is a notch toward the center of the chest where the ribs meet the sternum and the xiphoid process starts
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Once you've found the xiphoid process, you begin chest compressions. You'll press well above the xiphoid process, in the center of the sternal body. Why?
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To decrease the chance of fracturing a rib. A fractured rib or xiphoid process that broke free of the sternum can result in damage to the heart, lungs, and/or major blood vessels.
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A surgeon must perform a radical mastectomy on a woman with advanced breast cancer. What two blood vessels would have to be clamped and tied off?
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Internal thoracic artery and lateral thoracic artery
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The same surgeon removes sentinel lymph nodes from the woman's axillary region and sends them for biopsy. All have breast cancer cells present. What nodes should be tested next?
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Axillary lymph nodes and cervical lymph nodes
