Chapter 2 Pathology – Flashcards
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Which functions are best accomplished by the skin?
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Protection and sensation
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Which is the best description of a fissure?
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Crack
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What is the best description of an ulcer?
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Sore with dead tissue that doesn't heal normally
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What is the best description of a boil?
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An aggressive localized bacterial infection of the skin
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When a cluster of boils grows together this lesion is called a?
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Carbuncle
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What does MRSA stand for?
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Boils usually occur:
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One at a time
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Which is the best description of cellulitis?
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Skin infection with Group A streptococcus
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What is the name of the lesion associated with fungal infections of the skin?
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Tinea
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The causative agent for ringworm is:
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A dermatophyte
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What is a synonym for fungal infection of the skin?
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Dermatophytosis
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What is a synonym for athlete's foot?
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Tinea pedis
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Fungal infections are communicable:
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All of the above; from skin-to-skin contact, from surface-to-skin contact, and from animal-to-human contact
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Tinea corporis usually looks like:
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Scaly red rings that are pale in the middle, on the trunk or extremities
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Massage for someone with a fungal infection:
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Is safe is lesions are localized, treated, and covered
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What is a distinguishing feature of all herpes viruses?
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They are never fully expelled from the body
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What is a distinguishing feature of a herpes simplex outbreak?
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Blisters on a red base
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"Cold sores" and "fever blisters" refer to what condition?
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Herpes simplex
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A client has an active oral herpes simplex lesion. The therapist's best choice is to?
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Reschedule the appointment
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The herpes simplex virus is?
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Stable outside a host
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Genital herpes simplex:
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Can appear anywhere around the groin or buttocks
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What is the most effective way to spread the mites that cause scabies?
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Skin-to-skin contact
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The causative agent for scabies is?
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Microscopic mites that burrow under the skin
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The itching associated with scabies is distinguishable from most other sources of irritation because?
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It is unrelenting and gets progressively worse instead of better
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When are the mites that cause scabies communicable?
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Anytime after exposure
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What is the best description of head lice?
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Wingless insects that infest scalp hair
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The symptoms caused by head lice are from?
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The lice's saliva, which creates an inflammatory reaction
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Where do lice tend to lay eggs?
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At the root of the hair close to the back of the head
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What is the best preventative measure for body lice?
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Frequently laundering clothes
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Pubic lice may infest?
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Any body hair except the scalp of either gender
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What is a synonym for pubic lice?
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Crabs
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A person that has a slow-growing viral infection that causes cauliflower-like growths on her knuckles. This describes?
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Verruca vulgaris
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When a viral infection grows on the sole of a foot, this lesion is called?
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Plantar warts
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What is the causative agent for common warts?
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Human papilloma virus
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knuckles of her left hand. Her massage therapist should?
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Consider them a local contraindication
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What is the best description of acne rosacea?
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A chronic skin condition leading to pustules and redness on the face
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What are some common triggers for acne rosacea?
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Hot liquids, alcohol, spicy food
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The permanently thickened, bumpy, reddened skin that may develop on the nose of persons with acne rosacea is called?
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Rhinophyma
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In this condition, excessive testosterone production stimulates sebaceous glands, and if any tiny particle blocks the duct a low-grade infection can develop. This is a description of:
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Acne vulgaris
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When acne affects adolescents is it usually associated with:
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Excessive testosterone production
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What is another term for open comedome?
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Blackhead
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What is a type of acne lesion?
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Comedome
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What is the conventional definition of "dermatitis?"
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Inflammation of the skin not related to contagious disease
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When a person wears earrings with nickel, she gets an irritated, itchy patch on her earlobe. This describes?
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Allergic contact dermatitis
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Dyshidrosis differs from other forms of eczema because?
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It involves itchy, fluid-filled blisters and a risk of infection
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When a person submerges her hands repeatedly in hot water and harsh detergents, her skin becomes rough, red, and itchy. This describes?
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Irritant contact dermatitis
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A client has been diagnosed with eczema. The skin on his knuckles is red, dry, and flaky. What should the massage therapist do?
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Use hypoallergenic lotion, but otherwise work normally
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The skin on her palms is itchy and covered with tiny fluid-filled blisters. What should her massage therapist do?
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Locally avoid the area to reduce the risk of infection
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Seborrheic keratosis is easy to mistake for which condition?
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Malignant melanoma
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What is the most common, least dangerous form of skin cancer?
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Basal cell carcinoma
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What is the leading sign or symptom of non-melanoma skin cancer?
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A sore that doesn't heal or that comes and goes in the same place
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If a person has many actinic keratosis lesions, he or she is at high risk to develop?
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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The "ABCDE" of melanoma stands for?
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Asymmetrical, borders, color, diameter, elevation
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In this condition, skin cells begin to replicate in an uncontrolled way. They invade deeper tissues and may travel through the lymph or blood stream to colonize other areas. This describes?
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Melanoma
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What is the best description of actinic keratosis?
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A subtype of squamous cell carcinoma
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What is the best description of squamous cell carcinoma?
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A sore that doesn't heal, often appearing on pre-existing lesions
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Which is the best description of basal cell carcinoma?
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A painless lump with a sunken center and a pink pearly border
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Which is the best description of malignant melanoma?
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A mole that is asymmetric with irregular borders and mottled color
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What type of skin cancer has the highest mortality rate?
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Malignant melanoma
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What type of skin cancer is most likely to begin in areas with chronic skin inflammation?
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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"ABCDE" is mnemonic to remember common signs and symptoms of?
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Malignant melanoma
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The prognosis for malignant melanoma is based mainly on?
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The depth of the legion at diagnosis
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What is a common complication of healed 3rd degree burns?
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Restrictive scar tissue
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What is the best description of a 2nd degree burn?
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Painful fluid-filled blisters appear; scarring may be permanent
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Severe burns that cover more than 15% of the body can lead to?
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All of the above; infection, shock, and circulatory collapse
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What is another name for decubitus ulcers?
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Bedsores
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Debubitus ulcers are usually the result of?
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Poor circulation to the skin around points of bony contact with a surface
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Where is the most likely place for a decubitus ulcer to develop?
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Heels, buttocks, sacrum
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What is the most dangerous complication of a decubitus ulcer?
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Secondary infection and blood poisoning
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Keloid scars occur when?
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Scar tissue doesn't stay within the boundaries of the skin injury
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Which statement best describes why compromised skin contraindicates massage?
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A & C are correct; many skin conditions might be contagious or spread further on the body and if the skin is not intact, the client is a walking invitation to infection
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This type of wart looks like a common wart but it caused by a different variety of HPV and is associated with meat handling.
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Butchers' warts
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What is another name for focal epithelial hyperplasia?
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Heck Disease
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This is a form of wart on the mouth, lower lip, or tongue.
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Focal epithelial hyperplasia
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This a genetic disease involving suppressed immunity and an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma.
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Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
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This is most commonly caused by the group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus bacteria, which excrete powerful toxins that can cause circulatory shock and death.
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Necrotizing fasciitis
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Which of the following is true of necrotizing faciitis?
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It can progress from a minor skin wound to a life-threatening infection in a matter of hours
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Which is true of herpes sycosis?
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All of the above; herpes lesions develop over the beard area, results from shaving while a lesion is active, and the virus can spread into tiny cuts in new areas on the face
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A condition in which herpes simplex is associated with atopic dermatitis is?
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Eczema herpeticum
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This condition is the result when a fungal infection invades the skin under the finger or toenails.
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Onychomycosis
