Bio study – Flashcard
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Describe the cellular basis of cancer
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Unregulated cell division can lead to the formation of a tumor
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Compare and contrast benign and malignant tumors
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benign tumors stay in one place and do not prevent surrounding organs from functioning . Malignant tumors are those that are invasive and that metastasize to surrounding tissues starting new cancer
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List several risk factors for cancer development
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Smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity, alcohol use, and aging
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List the normal functions of cell division
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a process required for growth and development
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Describe the structure and function of chromosomes
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chromosomes are composed of DNA wrapped around protein and they carry genes
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What is the process of DNA replication
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One strand of the double-stranded DNA molecule is used as a template for the synthesis of a new daughter strand of DNA. The newly synthesized DNA strand is complementary to the parent strand. the Enzyme DNA polymerase ties together the nucleotides on the daughter strand
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What happens during the interphase of the cell cycle
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Interphase consist of two gap phase off the cell cycle ( G1 and G2) during which the cell grows and prepares to enter mitosis or meiosis, and the S phase, during which time the DNA replicates
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Describe the process of cytokinesis in animal and plant cells
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During cytokinesis the cytoplasm is divided into two portions one for each daughter cells
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what best describes how genes and environment both impact cancer risk.
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Mutated genes can be inherited, or mutations can be caused by exposure to carcinogens
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A cell that begins mitosis with 46 chromosomes produces daughter cells with how many chromosomes
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46 chromosomes
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The centromere is a region at which..
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sister chromatids are attached to each other
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A gene encoding a protein that regulates the G1 checkpoint is mutated what is a likely outcome?
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A tumor will develop
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At what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
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PROPHASE I
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During which phase of mitosis does the centromere split, allowing motor proteins to pull each sister chromatid to opposite poles of the cell?
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Anaphase
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-How many chromosomes does a human body cell contain?
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46 CHROMOSOMES
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The genes that encode the proteins regulating the cell cycle are called
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PROTO-ONCOGENES
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True or False: Chemotherapy causes hair loss because hair follicles divide rapidly, like cancer cells.
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TRUE
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Which of following statements incorrectly identifies how cancer cells differ from normal cells?
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CANCER CELLS FORM BENIGN TUMORS
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Which statement correctly describes the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
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DNA POLYMERASE HELPS BIND INCOMING NUCLEOTIDES TO EACH OTHER.
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what happens during anaphase
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DNA is copied
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What happens during Mitosis
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DNA is split equally into two daughter cells
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What happens during Cytokinesis
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Parent cell is split in half
