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Cancer

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When a nurse is describing malignant tumors, which term should the nurse use?

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are usually encapsulated

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Which statement indicates the nurse has a good understanding of benign tumors? Benign tumors:

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The growth is localized to the epithelium

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A nurse reviews a cancer report that states the growth is carcinoma in situ (CIS). How will the nurse interpret this finding?

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When cancer cells proliferate faster than the normal, nonmutant cells.

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The nurse is describing clonal expansion/proliferation. What process is the nurse discussing?

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Metastasis

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An oncologist is using the TNM system to stage a patients cancer. How does the nurse interpret the M part of the system?

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Extreme wasting and emaciation.

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A cancer patient is experiencing cachexia. Which typical assessment finding will the nurse observe in this patient?

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Bleeding

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A patient has a decreased platelet count from cancer and the chemotherapy. Which complication should the nurse assess for in this patient?

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a cancer cell to grow

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A nurse is discussing autocrine stimulation and cancer. Which information should the nurse include? Autocrine stimulation causes:

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Activation of telomerase allows cancer cells to continue dividing.

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A nurse is preparing to teach about immortality in cancer cells. Which information should the nurse include?

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Oncogenes stimulate cancer cell growth.

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When a nurse is defining an oncogene, which example should the nurse use?

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Blood vessels

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Which of the following statements indicates the patient has a good understanding of metastasis? The most common routes of metastasis are through the lymphatic system and:

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Cervical

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A patient has chronic infection by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Which cancer does the nurse monitor for in this patient?

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

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A cancer patient is having moderate pain. Which treatment will the nurse implement?

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is given after surgery

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A patient is receiving adjuvant therapy. How should the nurse explain this type of therapy to the patient? This type of therapy:

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Breast

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A patient has mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. What type of cancer should the nurse monitor for in this patient?

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Carcinoma

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A patient has cancer in the epithelial tissue. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe documented on the chart?

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Sarcoma

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A patient has cancer of the connective tissue. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe documented on the chart?

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Leukemia

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Which of the following cancers arise from bone marrow stem cells (blood forming cells) and always originate in the bone marrow?

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Malignant tumors have a tendency to invade surrounding tissue.

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Which of the following information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of malignant tumors?

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Tumor suppressor

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A nurse is discussing the p53 gene. What type of gene is the nurse describing?

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causes apoptsis

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A nurse is asked about the function of the p53 gene. What is the nurses best response? p53

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angiogenic factors

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A nurse recalls cancer cells stimulate blood vessel growth toward the tumor by releasing:

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increased cell division

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If a patient experiences a cancer-causing mutations to proto-oncogenes, which response will the nurse expect?

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Deletion of both copies of a tumor suppressor gene

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When a staff members asks the nurse what mutation is necessary to cause cancer with a tumor suppressor gene, how should the nurse reply?

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Metastasis

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A patients ovarian cancer has traveled to the bone. What term should the nurse use to describe this finding?

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Anemia

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A patient has colorectal cancer with chronic bleeding and decreased absorption of iron. Which complication is priority?

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Stage II

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A patient has a tumor that has regional lymph node involvement. Which stage will the nurse observe documented on the chart?

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cancer

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A nurse recalls a leading cause of death in developed worlds is:

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Benign tumors are usually surrounded by a capsule

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A nurse is discussing benign tumors. Which information should the nurse include?

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invade surrounding tissues

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Which statement indicates the patient understood the teaching regarding malignant tumors? Malignant tumors have a tendency to:

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connective tissue

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A patient has a sarcoma. The nurse realizes sarcomas are cancers that arise from:

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Leukemia

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A patient has a cancer that originated in the blood-forming cells. What diagnosis will the nurse observe documented on the chart?

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contains cancer cells that have not invaded the surrounding tissue

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A patients cancer report reads "Cervical carcinoma in situ". The nurse interprets this finding as the cervical carcinoma:

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Loss of cellular differentiation

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A nurse is discussing cancer and anaplasia. What is the nurse describing when using the term anaplasia?

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skull/cranium

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Which patient will the nurse monitor most often even though the tumor is benign? The benign tumor is located in the:

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proto-oncogene

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The nurse is describing the cell, ras. What type of cell is the nurse discussing?

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Stage III

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A patient has a tumor that has distant lymph node involvement but no evidence of distant metastasis to other tissues. How will this be classified on the chart?

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expansion

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A nurse is describing an aggregation of cancer cells that accumulates faster than its non-mutant neighbors. Which term is the nurse discussing? Clonal:

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decreased responsiveness to growth signals.

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Which of the following statement indicates the nurse needs more teaching about cancer cells? A typical characteristic of cancer cells is:

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angiogenic factors

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A nurse is discussing how cancer cells obtain oxygen and nutrients. Which information should the nurse include? Cancer cells ensure adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients by releasing:

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a normal, non-mutant gene

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A nurse is asked to define a proto-oncogene. Which is the nurses best response? A proto-oncogene is:

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increased cell division

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If a patient experiences cancer-causing mutations of a proto-oncogene, what result does the nurse expect to occur?

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telomerase

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A nurse is asked about immortality in cancer cells. How should the nurse reply? Immortality in cancer cells is obtained through the production of:

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control production of anti-growth signals

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A nurse recalls the normal function of tumor suppressor genes in an individual without cancer is to:

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Mutation of both copies of a tumor suppressor gene

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For the function of a tumor suppressor to be lost, which of the following mutational routes is most likely to cause cancer in a patient?

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apoptosis

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A nurse is preparing to teach about gene p53. Which information should the nurse include? Normally, the tumor suppressor gene p53 induces:

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Unregulated proliferation of cancer cells

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An oncologist is presenting information on the mutation of RAS. What response does the nurse expect to occur?

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Amplification

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Which of the following terms should the nurse use to describe a genetic event capable of activating oncogenes?

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Growth factors are released during the resulting inflammation.

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Which of the following factors predisposes a patient who has chronic inflammation to the development of cancer?

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Translocation

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A nurse is describing the process of when a piece of a chromosome is moved to another chromosome. What term should the nurse use to describe this process?

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Liver

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A patient has chronic active hepatitis B infection. Which type of cancer should the nurse assess for in this patient?

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Human papilloma virus

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Which of the following viruses will the nurse expect to see on the lab report of a patient who has developed cervical cancer?

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Gastric cancer

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A patient has a Helicobacter pylori infection. Which type of cancer should the nurse assess for in this patient?

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caretaker

answer

A nurse is discussing the genes that maintain gene integrity. Which gene is the nurse describing?

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the radiation source will be inserted internally into the cervix

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A patient is receiving brachytherapy for cervical cancer. How should the nurse explain this type of therapy?

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a tumor-suppressor gene

answer

A nurse is discussing the retinoblastoma gene. What type of gene is the nurse describing?

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pap test/smear

answer

What screening test can the nurse suggest to a patient who wants to detect cervical cancer early?

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breast

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While a nurse is reviewing lab results, the patients BRCA1 is elevated. What type of cancer does the nurse suspect the patient has?

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p53

answer

A nurse knows the most common tumor suppressor gene mutation that causes cancer by resisting apoptosis is in:

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surviving in the bloodstream

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An oncologist is discussing the process of metastasis. Which information should the oncologist include? For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must be capable of:

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4 or IV

answer

A patient originally had cancer in the liver and the cancer is now in the lungs. What stage will the nurse observe documented on the chart?

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nodes

answer

An oncologist is using the TNM system to stage a cancer tumor. The nurse realizes the N will denote:

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hormones are probably causing the signs and symptoms

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A patient is experiencing paraneoplastic syndrome. Which principle should guide nursing care?

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is given after cancer surgery

answer

A patient is preparing to receive adjuvant therapy for cancer. What should the nurse tell the patient to reinforce teaching? This type of therapy:

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angiogenesis

answer

A nurse is discussing the process of triggering new blood vessel formation in a tumor. What is the nurse describing?

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metastsis

answer

When cancer extends to distant tissues and organs, what term should the nurse use?

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infection

answer

A patient has metastatic cancer and is receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy. What is the priority complication the nurse should assess for in this patient?

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Individual-controlled analgesia

answer

A cancer patient is experiencing pain. The nurse wants the patient to be independent in managing the pain. Which technique should the nurse implement?

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Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1

answer

A patient with cancer has poor muscle functioning and fatigue. Which cytokines/inflammatory mediators does the nurse suspect is causing these problems?

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staging

answer

When an oncologist determines the size of the tumor, the degree of node involvement, and the extent of distant metastasis, what is the oncologist doing?

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decreased cell adhesions

answer

A nurse is describing the process of metastasis. Which information should the nurse include? _________________ is necessary for metastasis to occur.

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the release of cytokines

answer

A nurse is teaching the staff about the pathophysiology of tissue loss in cancer wasting. Which information should the nurse include? A factor that contributes to the tissue loss in cancer wasting is:

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Red blood cell count and hemoglobin from a complete blood count

answer

A patient has colorectal cancer with chronic bleeding and iron deficiency. Which lab tests are most important for the nurse to monitor?

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Nausea and vomiting

answer

A patient is receiving ondansetron. Which assessment finding will cause the nurse to administer this drug?

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Fatigue

answer

While assessing a patient with cancer, which of the following is the most commonly reported symptom?

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cancer cells residing in lymph nodes.

answer

Which statement indicates the nurse needs more instruction regarding cancer pain? Mechanisms that cause cancer pain include:

question

All of the above

answer

While assessing a patient with pain which individual response to pain should the nurse monitor?

question

Narcotics/opioids

answer

A cancer patient is complaining of pain. Which pharmacologic therapy for pain management will the nurse implement?

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Most patients with cancer experience pain early in the disease process.

answer

Which of the following statements indicates a patient needs more teaching about cancer pain?

question

Depression

answer

Besides monitoring for diminished physical energy, what other assessment findings should the nurse assess for in a patient with cancer-related fatigue?

question

malnutrition.

answer

A patient asks what causes fatigue related to cancer and cancer therapy. How should the nurse respond? One possible cause is:

question

Cachexia

answer

A patient is experiencing the wasting syndrome associated with cancer and cancer treatment. What term should the nurse use when documenting this finding?

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Heart murmur

answer

Which symptom will surprise the nurse when assessing a patient with cachexia?

question

Hemorrhage

answer

A patient has thrombocytopenia from the cancer and cancer treatments. Which condition should the nurse monitor for in this patient?

question

Anemia

answer

When a cancer patient has a hemoglobin of 8 mg/dL, what condition will the nurse observe documented on the chart?

question

Fatigue

answer

A nurse remembers neuromuscular dysfunction and the release of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 are thought to be responsible for which of the following assessment findings of cancer?

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Increased basic metabolic rate

answer

Which of the following alterations in metabolism does the nurse expect to find in people with cancer?

question

fatigue

answer

Which statement indicates the nurse needs more instruction regarding anemia and cancer? Anemia in individuals with cancer can be the result of:

question

Erythropoietin

answer

Which of the following treatments to help cancer-related or chemotherapy-related anemia should the nurse discuss with the patient?

question

Infection

answer

A patient is experiencing leukopenia from cancer and chemotherapy treatment. Which condition should the nurse assess for in this patient?

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All rapidly dividing cells

answer

Which principle should the nurse use to guide nursing care when administering chemotherapeutic agents? Chemotherapeutic agents primarily target:

question

Ionizing radiation damages the cancer cell's DNA

answer

When a patient asks the nurse how radiation therapy provides an effective means for treating some forms of cancer, how should the nurse respond?

question

Colon

answer

A patient has a mutation in the APC gene. Which type of cancer will the nurse monitor for in this patient?

question

DNA methylation

answer

An oncologist is describing the process of gene silencing. Which process will the oncologist discuss?

question

Alopecia

answer

A patient loses hair from chemotherapy treatment. What term should the nurse use when describing this condition?

question

This will help shrink the tumor before surgery.

answer

A patient is receiving neoadjuvant therapy. What should the nurse teach this patient regarding this type of therapy?

Carcinoma in situ (CIS): The cancer cells are present only in the top layer of the epithelium and have not invaded deeper layers.

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