Personal Health: Block 4, Chapter 9: Cancers – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Identify the detection methods of lung cancer
answer
-Fiber-optic examination of the bronchial passages -Analysis of cells in sputum -Chest X-rays
question
A gene that increases the risk of cancer in a person who carries it is also known as a(n) _____
answer
Oncogene
question
True or False: Twice-yearly mammograms are recommended for women over the age of 40
answer
False
question
Match the types of viruses with their descriptions
answer
-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): It is the cause of mononucleosis -Hepatitis B Virus: It affects liver cells and may increase the risk of liver cancer -Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus: It is related to leukemia
question
Rank the steps of metastasis in the correct order of occurrence. Place the first step at the top.
answer
1. Cancer cells invade surrounding tissues and blood vessels 2. Cancer cells are transported by the circulatory system to distant sites 3. Cancer cells reinvade and grow at new location
question
People who drink more than four drinks per day and smoke increase their risk of _____ cancer
answer
Esophageal
question
Which of the following are symptoms of testicular cancer?
answer
-Lump in testicle -Testicular swelling -Hardness of testicles
question
A substance found in pesticides that has been linked to lung, skin, and liver cancer is _____
answer
Arsenic
question
Match the major types of skin cancer with their descriptions
answer
-Basal Cell Carcinoma: Usually appears as flat, firm, pale areas of skin or as small, raised, pink or red shiny areas -Squamous cell carcinoma: Appears as growing lumps with a rough surface or as flat, red patches that grow slowly -Malignant melanoma: The most dangerous form of skin cancer because it is fast growth and can metastasize quickly
question
Identify the true statements about lung cancer
answer
-Lung cancer tumors can grow and spread without symptoms -It is usually discovered late
question
Prolonged exposure to radon increases a person's risk for _____ cancer
answer
Lung
question
Sarcomas are cancers that arise from which of the following tissues?
answer
-Muscle -Cartilage -Bone
question
Herpes virus 2 is the most common form of _____ herpes
answer
Genital
question
Although family history is always an important variable in the development of cancer, lung cancer is clearly more related to _____
answer
Environmental exposure
question
Match the treatment options for breast cancer with their descriptions
answer
-Lumpectomy: Refers to the removal of the growth -Mastectomy: Refers to the removal of the affected breast
question
An X-ray examination of the breast tissue is called _____
answer
Mammography
question
Abnormal cells are a result of _____ in healthy cells
answer
Mutations
question
What are the common symptoms of prostate cancer?
answer
-Pain in the lower back, pelvis, or upper thighs -Weak or interrupted urine flow
question
A mass of cells with a solid center is called a _____, while a _____ is a mass of cells with a fluid center
answer
-Tumor -Cyst
question
Match the types of tumors with their descriptions
answer
-A benign tumor: A growth of normal cells -A malignant tumor: A growth of cancer cells
question
Which of the following are physical signs of breast cancer?
answer
-Lumps -Nipple discharge -Tenderness
question
Symptoms of lung cancer typically present themselves when the cancer is in its _____ stages
answer
Advanced
question
Which of the following are risk factors for prostate cancer?
answer
-Age -Ethnicity
question
The growth and spread of abnormal cells is called _____
answer
Cancer
question
Pap smears are an important diagnostic tool to monitor the _____ cells in someone with herpes virus 2.
answer
Cervical
question
True or False: Chemotherapy cannot be used to treat testicular cancer
answer
False
question
During breast self-exams, women should lie on their backs and feel for any _____ in their breast tissue
answer
Lumps
question
Abnormal _____ bleeding or discharge is a symptom associated with cervical cancer
answer
Vaginal
question
Identify the most typical symptoms of colon cancer
answer
-Cramping pain in the lower abdomen -Rectal bleeding
question
Sulfur dioxide can cause cell mutations that contribute to the development of _____ cancer
answer
Lung
question
A true statement about viruses is that they _____
answer
Are microorganisms that use their host organisms' cellular materials to replicate themselves
question
Which of the following risk factors are associated with leukemia?
answer
-Exposure to environmental toxins -Exposure to radiation -Exposure to viruses
question
The process by which a normal cell becomes abnormal is called _____
answer
Mutation
question
True or False: The ultraviolet light emitted from tanning booths penetrates a person's skin and damages internal organs
answer
True
question
Experts agree that early detection via which of the following leads to better outcomes for breast cancer survival?
answer
-Yearly mammograms -Visual self-examination -Manual self-examination
question
Dysplasia refers to abnormal cells, yet does not signify the presence of _____ cells
answer
Cancer
question
An abnormal cell that is not cancerous is called _____
answer
Dysplasia
question
A person's risk of developing lung cancer is increased by the use of
answer
Tobacco
question
To diagnose leukemia, which of the following tests are used?
answer
-Bone marrow biopsy -Blood tests
question
A Pap smear consists of a swab of _____ cells that are examined under a microscope
answer
Cervical
question
The main risk for cervical cancer is infection with _____
answer
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
question
Which of the following are common symptoms of lung cancer?
answer
-Respiratory infections -Sputum streaked with blood -Chest pain
question
Basal cell carcinoma describes a tumor that is made up of basal cells found in _____
answer
Skin
question
The tumors that originate in the lymphatic tissue are called _____
answer
Lymphomas
question
Match the tumors with the location in which they occur in the body
answer
-Sarcomas: Bone, cartilage, or muscle -Lymphomas: Lymphatic tissue -Carcinomas: Epithelial tissue
question
Which of the following substances are considered carcinogenic?
answer
-Wood dust -Ultraviolet light -Arsenic
question
Men between the ages of _____ should practice regular testicular self-examinations
answer
20 and 40
question
Which of the following are methods for the treatment of lung cancer?
answer
-Surgery -Radiation -Chemotherapy
question
True or False: A man's risk for testicular cancer increases with age
answer
False
question
The genetic code that instructs cells how to grow and divide is called
answer
DNA
question
The spread of cancer from the point of origin to another area is called _____
answer
Metastasis
question
One of the early treatment options for prostate cancer involves the use of _____ to reduce the size of the tumor
answer
Radioactive seeds
question
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
answer
-A family history -Postmenopausal hormone therapy and never bearing children -Obesity after menopause
question
The higher the consumption of red meat, the greater the risk for _____ cancer
answer
Colon
question
Radon is a gas that is found in _____ in parts of the United States
answer
Geological pockets
question
Which of the following are major types of ultraviolet light?
answer
-UV-A -UV-B -UV-C
question
Which type of meat is linked to an increased risk of colon cancer?
answer
Beef
question
Occasional use of tanning beds _____ the risk for development of melanoma
answer
Triples
question
Which of the following are symptoms of leukemia?
answer
-Fever -Paleness -Fatigue
question
The threadlike bodies in a cell nucleus that contain molecules of DNA are called
answer
Chromosomes
question
Which of the following normally divide and form the same tissue from which they came?
answer
Cells
question
Leukemia can result when _____ cells mutate and become cancerous
answer
Blood
question
The most common early detection measure used to determine the health of the cervical cells and the first indication of cancer is _____
answer
The Pap test
question
True or False: Because the symptoms of leukemia are similar to those of other cancers, it is difficult to diagnose it
answer
True
question
The main risk factor for malignant melanoma is exposure to _____
answer
The sun
question
Which of the following are examples of carcinogens in the environment?
answer
-Sulfur dioxide -Vinyl chloride -Ultraviolet light -Asbestos
question
Who among the following is at higher risk for breast cancer than others?
answer
Emily, who had a first child at age 42
question
Which of the following are ways you can protect yourself from skin cancer?
answer
-Use broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen -Have a skin exam each year -Limit sun exposure between 10AM and 2PM
question
Lung cancer has a lower rate of survival than other cancers mostly because it is usually _____
answer
Discovered late
question
Who among the following are at higher risk for cervical cancer than others?
answer
-Women who have had multiple partners -Women who had sexual intercourse at an early age
question
Identify a true statement about malignant melanomas
answer
They appear as unusual moles
question
Combining cigarettes and alcohol increases the risk of cancer of the _____
answer
Esophagus
question
What population is at the greatest risk of developing prostate cancer?
answer
African-Americans
question
True or False: In acute leukemia, symptoms progress slowly
answer
False
question
Who among the following is at higher risk for cervical cancer than others?
answer
Serena, who is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV)
question
Which of the following statements regarding the link between DNA and cancer are correct?
answer
-Specific gene mutations have been associated with cancer -Certain genes may predispose some individuals to having cancer
question
There are both genetic and _____ components to cancer
answer
Environmental
question
What age group of men is at the greatest risk of developing testicular cancer?
answer
20-40
question
After what age should most women be given a yearly mammogram?
answer
40
question
An early sign of breast cancer that might be found during self-examination is the presence of a _____
answer
Lump
question
Testicular self-exams should be performed _____ by young men
answer
Once a month
question
True or False: Caucasian males are the ethnic group at greatest risk for prostate cancer
answer
False
question
A true statement about malignant melanomas is that they _____
answer
Tend to have irregular borders and a wide variation in colors including yellow, green, and red tinges
question
Which of the following are part of the FDA's 2011 regulations regarding sunscreens?
answer
-Sunscreen with SPF 2-14 must have a warning that it may not protect against cancer -Broad-spectrum labeled sunscreens must protect from UV-A and UV-B -The terms sunblock, sweatproof, and waterproof cannot be used on labels
question
People who use tanning beds are _____ times more likely to get squamous cell cancer than those who do not use tanning beds
answer
2.5
question
Which type of light is emitted from tanning booths and increases the risk for melanoma?
answer
UV-A
question
True or False: Radon is an underground gas that has no odor
answer
True
question
Approximately _____ cases of testicular cancer are diagnosed annually
answer
8,200
question
What type of cancer has the highest incidence in females?
answer
Breast
question
Sulfur dioxide is a product of engine combustion and _____ pollution
answer
Air
question
The third most common type of cancer is
answer
Colon cancer
question
People who have a _____ level of exposure to carcinogens increase their risk of getting cancer
answer
High
question
Early detection of malignant melanomas is done with _____ screening
answer
ABCD
question
Which of the following is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men?
answer
Prostate
question
True or False: Dysplasic cells can lead to cervical cancer if not treated
answer
True
question
True or False: It is always essential to remove slow-growing prostate cancers if a man is quite old
answer
False
question
Cells form tissues, tissues form _____, and these form _____ to make up the body
answer
Organs; systems
question
Women with dysplasia are monitored more closely and have _____ more often
answer
Pap smears
question
Human papillomavirus is a common cause of _____ cancer
answer
Cervical
question
True or False: The Human Genome Project found that when people carry the gene for cancer they will develop it
answer
False
