Human Diseases and Conditions Ch. 9 &10 – Flashcards
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Do nasal tend to recur after surgical removal
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Yes they tend to recur
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A nosebleed is considered an emergency when
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it persists for 10 min or more
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Most common symptom of laryngeal neoplasms
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dysphonia (difficulty speaking)
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Pulmonary embolism occurs when
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a clot of foreign material lodges in and occludes an artery in pulmonary circulation
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Where do the majority of pulmonary emboli originate
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A deep vein in the leg
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Pleurisy signs and symptoms
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Sharp needle-like pain that increases with inspiration and coughing
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2 types of pleurisy
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wet and dry
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Intradermal test used to detect tuberculin antibodies
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The Mantoux test
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From 1982-85 what caused the increase of TB in the US
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Immigration from Asia, South, and Central America
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Who is considered at risk for aspiration pneumonia
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Patients that have trouble swallowing, elderly, cancer patients, stroke, and parkinsons patients.
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External respiration
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Oxygen inhaled from the air is exchanged with carbon dioxide from the blood.
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Inspiration
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The diaphragm contracts pulling downward causing air to be sucked into the lungs
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Expiration
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The diaphragm relaxes pushing upwards and forcing air out of the lungs.
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Ordinary cold clears up in how many days
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4 to 5 days
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Possible complications of influenza
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Bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and cervical lymphandenopathy
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Pulmonary TB is acquired by
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the inhalation of a dried droplet nucleus that contains the tubercle bacillus
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Nasal polyps protrude into
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the nasal cavity
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Infectious monoucleosis is cause by
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Epstein-Barr virus
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Organism specific antibiotics are used to treat
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Bacterial pneumonia
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Sinusitis treatments include
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sinusotomy, antibiotics, decongestants, and nasal spray.
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How much blood does the heart pump throughout the body each minute
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5 quarts
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What is the FIRST symptom of coronary artery disease?
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Chest pain
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Potential to be at risk for coronary artery disease
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40 years or older, men, postmenopausal women, Caucasians, and those with a genetic predisposition.
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Pain that is experienced with angina pectoris
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sudden left sided chest pain
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Percentage of death that occurs in the first hour of MI
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65%
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How do you attempt to reverse cardiac arrest
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CPR and defibillation with an AED
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Most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in the US
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Coronary Artery Disease
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Essential hypertension symptoms
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headaches, nosebleed, lightheaded, and syncope
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Are people always aware they have hypertension?
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No
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Echocardiogram (ECG)
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Cardiac test that helps evaluate the cardiac chamber size, ventricular function, disease of the myocardium, valves, cardiac strictures, and pericardium
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A person with pulmonary edema may have what kind of skin
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Cold and clammy
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What type of growths on the cardiac valves characterize endocarditis
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Vegetative growths
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Before dental work a person with endocarditis should
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take prophylactic antibiotics
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Cardiac arrhythmia diagnostic test
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12-lead ECG
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Three forms of arteriosclerosis
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Atherosclerosis, Monkbergs arteriosclerosis, arteriosclerosis
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Possible etiology of varicose veins
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defective or absent valves
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The components of blood include
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Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
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Hemolytic anemia cause?
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Abnormal destruction of RBC's
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Leukemias are classified by
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Cell type and degree of differentiation of the neoplastic cells.
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Cardiac muscle is composed of
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striated muscle cells.
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First sign of hypertension
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Elevated blood pressure readings.
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Almost 1/3 of all deaths in western countries are attributed to
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Heart disease
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Lymphedema causes swelling of
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an extremity.
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Cardiac arrhythmia's are the result of?
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Interference of the conduction system of the heart.
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Primary function of the pulmonary system is?
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Ventilation and Respiration.
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Nosebleed etiology
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cold, nose picking, direct trauma, and foreign body.
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Growths or tumors on the larynx may be either
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Benign or malignant
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Pneumonia prognosis
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It is the leading cause of death world wide and the sixth leading cause of death in the US
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Influenza prevention and who is advised to
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Vaccines, Health care workers, people over 50, and patients with chronic pulmonary or cardiac disorder.
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The most common cause of cancer death world wide for both men and women. 30% of cancer deaths
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Lung cancer
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tachycardia
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Abnormally fast heart beat >100
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Bradycardia
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abnormally slow heartbeat <60
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Symptoms that tend to recur in patients with cardiovascular disease include
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Chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, palpitations, cyanosis, edema, fatigue.
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CHF diagnosis
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History and physical exam, chest x-ray, ECG
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CHF treatment
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Directed at reducing the workload of the heart and increasing its efficiency.
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