Lifespan Development – Chapter 15 – Flashcards
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1. During midlife, most adults begin to a. emphasize hoped-for-gains rather than feared declines. b. feel physically stronger and more robust than in early adulthood. c. focus more on child rearing than on career development. d. experience life-threatening health episodes---- if not in themselves, then in their parents and friends.
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d. experience life-threatening health episodes---- if not in themselves, then in their parents and friends.
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2. Patsy is experiencing a buildup of pressure in her eye due to poor fluid drainage. This pressure, left untreated, can damage her optic nerve and is a leading cause of blindness. Patsy has a. presbyopia. b. glaucoma. c. presbycusis. d. myopia.
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b. glaucoma.
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3. Which layer of the skin gives it flexibility? a. Epidermis b. Protodermis c. Dermis d. Hypodermis
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c. Dermis
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4. Kyle, age 52, has collections of pigment under his skin, especially on his face and hands. Kyle has developed a. dermatitis. b. age spots c. eczema. d. crow's feet.
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b. age spots
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5. Reduction in bone density during adulthood is a. minimal. b. substantial. c. common in women but not in men. d. common in women but very rare in men.
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b. substantial.
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6. Research has shown that dietary calorie restriction in nonhumans a. increases blood glucose and insulin levels. b. slows aging. c. decreases bone density. d. increases accumulation of body fat.
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b. slows aging.
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7. Which of the following is a benefit of calorie restriction? a. an increased production of free radicals b. an increase in blood glucose and insulin levels c. an increase in level of IGF-1 d. an inhibited production of free radicals
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d. an inhibited production of free radicals
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8. Hormone replacement therapy a. causes a slight decrease in heart attacks and blood clots. b. offers some protection against bone deterioration and colon cancer. c. reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease by 40 percent. d. offers some protection against breast cancer and stroke if taken for more than four years.
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b. offers some protection against bone deterioration and colon cancer.
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9. Women who view menopause as a __________ report more negative physical and emotional symptoms. a. life transition b. symbol of aging c. medical problem d. biocultural event
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d. biocultural event
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Keith and Nicole have been married for 23 years. They view each other's aging bodies with acceptance and affection. Their sex life is an important component of their friendship. Their sex life is likely to become __________ in midlife. a. less important b. more spontaneous c. more intense d. less spontaneous
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b. more spontaneous
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11. From early to middle adulthood, the death rate due to cancer a. doubles. b. triples. c. multiplies fivefold. d. multiples tenfold.
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d. multiples tenfold.
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12. __________ cancer is the leading malignancy for men. a. Lung b. Colon c. Prostate d. Pancreatic
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c. prostate
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13. Osteoporosis affects about 10 million U.S. adults, ____ percent of whom are women. a. 50 b. 60 c. 70 d. 80
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d. 80
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14. Charlie has frequent angry outbursts. He is rude, disagreeable, critical, and condescending. Charlie exhibits a. expressed hostility. b. suppressed anger. c. passive-aggressiveness. d. a socially dominant style.
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a. expressed hostility.
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15. Kandilyn is unhappy with all the stressors in life. The best approach for dealing with her stress is to use a. an emotion-centered coping strategy. b. a mixture of problem and emotion-centered techniques. c. a problem-centered coping strategy. d. indirect methods of stress management.
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b. a mixture of problem and emotion-centered techniques.
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Maryann is taking an exercise class for the first time at age 50. MaryAnn believes she will be successful even though most of her friends quit during the first six months. MaryAnn has a a. Type A personality. b. sense of self-efficacy. c. Type B personality. d. sense of competitiveness.
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b. sense of self-efficacy.
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17. Which of the following is true about the double standard of gender and aging? a. Negative stereotypes of aging are more likely to be applied to men than to women. b. People often rate middle-aged men as less attractive than middle aged women. c. Men tend to judge aging females more harshly than women do. d. Women tend to judge aging females more harshly than men do.
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c. Men tend to judge aging females more harshly than women do.
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18. The ideal of a(n) _______ woman may be at the heart of the double standard of aging. a. passive and submissive b. young and sexually attractive c. decisive but dependent d. assertive and competent.
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b. young and sexually attractive
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19. Which type of intelligence begins to decline in the twenties? a. kinesthetic b. crystallized c. naturalistic d. fluid
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d. fluid
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20. Which of the following is true about individual difference in cognitive declines? a. Cognitive declines occur earlier in people with complex occupations. b. People with flexible personalities are likely to maintain mental abilities well into late adulthood. c. There is no known correlation between SES and intellectual decline. d. Early retirement, whether forced or by choice, contributes to rapid intellectual decline in older adults.
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b. People with flexible personalities are likely to maintain mental abilities well into late adulthood.
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21. __________ predicts adults' performances on memory, reasoning, and problem solving tasks? a. Gender b. Wisdom c. Processing speed d. Hardiness
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c. Processing speed
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22. From the 20's into the 60's, the amount of information people can retain in __________ memory diminishes. a. working b. semantic c. long-term d. episodic
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a. working
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23. With regard to scientific knowledge, Ross has an extensive, highly organized, and integrated knowledge base that can be used to support a high level of performance. Ross has ________ in science. a. metacognitive knowledge b. practical problem-solving ability. c. expertise d. intuition
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c. expertise
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24. Creative works produced after age 40 often appear more _______ than those produced by younger adults. a. spontaneous b. deliberately thoughtful c. intensely emotional d. deeply expressive
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b. deliberately thoughtful
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25. Complex work leads to gains in a. cognitive flexibility. b. creativity. c. naturalistic intelligence. d. emotion-centered coping.
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a. cognitive flexibility
