question

What is a major factor leading to increased occurrence of cancer in the elderly?

answer

cumulative exposure to carcinogens

question

Recommendations to reduce the risk factors and the progression of osteoporosis with aging include:

answer

maintaining walking and weight-bearing exercise

question

With advancing age, the major change in the cardiovascular system involve:

answer

vascular degeneration, leading to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

question

Vision in the elderly may be impaired when the eyeball becomes less elastic, thus preventing accommodation and resulting in:

answer

presbyopia

question

Which of the following factors lead to delayed wound healing in the elderly? 1. reduced rate of mitosis 2. inadequate circulation 3. high risk of infection 4. more effective immune system

answer

1,2,3

question

The term given to the change that occurs in women at around age 50 with the cessation of the menstrual cycle is:

answer

menopause

question

Predisposing factors to osteoporosis in older women include all of the following EXCEPT: A. decreased estrogen secretion B. genetic factors C. sedentary lifestyle D. decreased parathyroid hormone

answer

decreased parathyroid hormone

question

Senescence refers to the period of time when:

answer

cell death exceeds cell replacement

question

Theories about the cause of aging include: A. apoptosis B. wear and tear C. altered protein (amyloid) accumulation D. all of the above

answer

all of the above

question

Which of the following may develop in an elderly patient who has several medical problems and is markedly obese? A. osteoarthritis and cardiovascular complications B. decreased activity and diabetes mellitus C. undesirable interactions with multiple prescription drugs and OTC medications. D. A, B, and C

answer

A, B, and C

question

Bladder infections are more likely to develop in immobilized patients because of:

answer

stasis of urine in the urinary system

question

Which of the following applies/apply to orthostatic hypotension associated with prolonged immobility? A. sudden changes in the body position from supine to upright may cause low blood pressure B. venous return and cardiac output are decreased with immobility C. all cardiovascular reflexes are lost with prolonged immobility. D. A and B

answer

A and B

question

Lack of weight-bearing and skeletal muscle activity for a prolonged period leads to: A. bone demineralization B. lengthening of tendons and ligaments C. decreased skeletal muscle mass D. A and C

answer

A and C

question

Atelectasis may occur with a prolonged period of bed rest because of:

answer

reduced removal of pulmonary secretions

question

Paralysis of the lower part of the body is called:

answer

paraplegia

question

Which of the following frequently causes decubitus ulcers?

answer

ischemia at pressure points

question

Inactive muscle quickly loses strength as it becomes __________.

answer

atrophied

question

Which of the following is likely to develop when a leg is immobilized in a cast?

answer

muscle atrophy

question

Which of the following is/are common effect(s) of prolonged immobility in children? A. delayed linear growth B. contractures and deformities involving the hips, spine, legs, and feet C. skeletal muscle weakness D. all of the above

answer

all of the above

question

What do prolonged periods of immobility frequently lead to? 1. orthostatic hypotension 2. increased blood pressure and increased heart rate 3. increased risk of both thrombi and emboli 4. rapid, deep respirations

answer

1,3

question

All of the following changes are associated with aging EXCEPT: A. loss of elastic fibers B. decreased metabolic rate C. decreased secretion of all hormones D. degenerative vascular changes

answer

decreased secretion of all hormones

question

Lung expansion in the elderly may be reduced because of decreased: 1. tissue elasticity 2. rib mobility 3. control by the respiratory center 4. skeletal muscle strength

answer

1,2,4

question

Vision in the elderly may be impaired when the eyeball become less elastic, thus preventing accommodation and resulting in:

answer

presbyopia

question

The major problem associated with immobility and the gastrointestinal tract is:

answer

constipation

question

What is a major factor predisposing to pulmonary infection in immobilized patients?

answer

stasis of secretions in the lungs

question

Prolonged immobility may predispose ______ in the kidneys.

answer

urinary stasis, renal calculi, and infection

question

Virchaow's triad refers to:

answer

a combination of factors affecting potential thrombus formation

question

Selye defined three stages in the stress response. The third stage is designated as the:

answer

stage of exhaustion

question

Improved function of the heart and brain during a stress response results from: 1. glycogenesis 2. bronchodilation 3. vasoconstriction in the skin and viscera 4. decreased metabolic rate

answer

2,3

question

In which of the following situations would the stress response be used to prevent blood pressure from dropping too low?

answer

internal hemorrhage from injuries in a car accident

question

Hans Selye defined his general adaptation syndrome concept, which is also known as:

answer

fight or flight

question

The stress response involves the integrated action of the: 1. hypothalamus 2. hypophysis 3. sympathetic nervous system 4. adrenal glands

answer

1,2,3,4

question

Which of the following may alter a person's perception of a stressor? A. the presence of several stressors at the same time B. past experiences C. lack of effective coping mechanisms D. A, B, and C

answer

A,B, and C

question

A serious consequence of a major disaster, first recognized in war veterans is:

answer

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

question

withdrawal from any drug is best accomplished:

answer

with medical support

question

Which of the following applies to abuse of anabolic steroids?

answer

they often cause permanent damage to the cardiovascular system

question

What is a common indication of substance abuse?

answer

behavioral change

question

synergism can cause an emergency situation when:

answer

a combination of alcohol and drugs has been taken

question

when an increased dosage of a drug causes toxic effects, it is called:

answer

overdose

question

Which of the following is a synthetic opioid that prevents withdrawal symptoms and improves function?

answer

methadone

question

What is physiological dependence?

answer

adaptation of the body to a drug, resulting in withdrawal signs after the drug is discontinued

question

Choose the correct effects of exposure of the ears to very cold temperatures: A. loss of sensation B. lethargy and confusion C. vascular occlusions D. A and C

answer

A and C

question

Which of the following is a potential effect of a bite or sting?

answer

anaphylaxis

question

What is/are signs of hypothermia?

answer

lethargy and confusion

question

Which statement applies to food poisoning? 1. it results from consuming contaminated food and water 2. it often causes gastroenteritis, including vomiting and diarrhea 3. outbreaks occur frequently in institutions 4. it is often caused by E. coli, normally found in the stomach

answer

1,2,3

question

The term pica refers to:

answer

the consumption of nonfood substances such as clay

question

The amount of radiation absorbed by the body is measured in rads, or _________.

answer

radiation-absorbed doses

question

Severe, prolonged stress may cause acute renal failure or stress ulcers to develop as a result of:

answer

prolonged vasoconstriction and ischemia

question

Possible complications caused by prolonged, severe stress include all of the following EXCEPT: A. hypertension B. tension headache C. diabetes mellitus D. blindness

answer

blindness

question

A patient who has developed a tolerance for codeine will:

answer

require a larger dose than expected to control pain

question

Chronic alcoholism is likely to cause all of the following EXCEPT: A. cirrhosis B. mental confusion C. loss of motor coordination D. altered personality and amnesia E. respiratory failure

answer

respiratory failure

question

Chemical dependency has been associated with all the following EXCEPT: A. hereditary factors B. disease requiring certain prescription drugs C. easy access to many kinds of drugs D. increased acceptance of alcohol or marijuana to cope with stress D. increased work productivity

answer

increased work productivity

question

Which of the following statements is characteristic of alcohol?

answer

It may cause congenital defects in infants born to alcoholic mothers

question

A common illness for tourists in developing countries is "traveler's diarrhea", often caused by:

answer

E. coli

question

Illness in institutions may be traced back to food handlers who: A. are carriers of pathogens B. do not practice adequate hand-washing or sanitization C. bring in pathogens from home or community D. A, B, and C

answer

A, B, and C

question

Two types of eye damage that can be caused by a laser beam are:

answer

thermal burn and photochemical damage

HIT 204: Lesson 13-14 – Flashcards

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