Study Guide-Ch. 3 (1) – Flashcards
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Control center of the cell, contains most of the DNA
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nucleus
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Slipper shaped organelles that produce most of the energy (ATP)
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mitochondria
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Puts the finishing touches on the protein and packages it for export from the cell
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Golgi apparatus
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Structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
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nuclear membrane
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Sandpaper-like structure dotted with ribosomes; concerned with protein synthesis
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RER
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Long hairlike projections on the external surface of the cell membrane, such as the tail of a sperm
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flagellum
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Consists of cytosol and organelles
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cytoplasm
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Selectively permeable structure that seperates intracellular material from extracellular material
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cell membrane
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Short hairlike projections on the outer surface of the cell
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cilia
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Digestive organelles that "clean house" within the cell
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lysosomes
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Organelles that help maintain the shape of the cell and assist the cell with movement
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microtubules
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Gel-like part of the cytoplasm
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cytosol
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Organelles that either are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or are free in the cytoplasm; concerned with protein synthesis
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ribosomes
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Type of endoplasmic reticulum concerned with the synthesis if lipids and steroids
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SER
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Rod-shaped structures that play a key role in cellular respiration
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centrioles
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Called the power plants of the cell
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mitochondria
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Most commonly used transport mechanism
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diffusion
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Transport mechanism in which water diffuses from an area where there is more water to an area where there is less water; solute cannot diffuse
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osmosis
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A pressure gradient is the driving force for this type of transport
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filtration
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Transport mechanism that requires an input of energy to move molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
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active transport chain
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Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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diffusion
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Passive transport mechanism in which glucose is helped across the cell membrane by a helper molecule
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facilitated diffusion
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Intake of liquid droplets by the cell membrane; also called cellular drinking
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pinocytiosis
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Example of this transport mechanism is the swelling of a blood clot as water is pulled into the clot
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osmosis
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Describes this type of transport mechanism: the blood pressure pushes water and dissolved solute out of the capillaries into the tissue spaces
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filtration
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A lysosome eats or ingests a bacterium
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phagocytosis
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A protein-containing vesicle within a cell fuses with the cell membrane and ejects protein
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exocytosis
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Transport mechanism needed to move additional potassium into the cell if the intracellular concentration of potassium is higher than the extracellular concentration of potassium
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active transport pump
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Shrinking of red blood cells
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crenation
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Bursting of red blood cells
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hemolysis
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Solution that is more dilute than the inside of the cell
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hypotonic
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Solution with the same concentration as the solution to which it is compared
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isotonic
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Solution that is more concentrated than inside the cell
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hypertonic
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Solution causes crenation of red blood cells
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hypertonic
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Normal saline
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isotonic
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Describes a 10% dextrose solution relative to plasma if a 5% dextrose solution is isotonic to plasma
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hypertonic
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Describes pure water relative to plasma
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hypotonic
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M phase of the cell cycle
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mitosis
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Ability of cancer cells to spread to distant sites
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metastasis
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Consists of two phases, interphase and mitosis
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cell cycle
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Cell that can specialize into another type, such as blood cell, nerve cell, muscle cell
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stem cell
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Type of cell division involved in the body's growth and repair
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mitosis
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Cells stop cycling when they enter this phase
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G0
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Includes G1, S, G2, and M
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cell cycle
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Undifferentiated or unspecialized cell
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stem cell
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Replication of DNA occurs during this phase of the cell cycle
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interphase
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Type of division that occurs in sex cells
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meiosis
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A drug labeled cell cycle M phase-specific; affects this phase of the cell cycle
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mitosis
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Phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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mitosis
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Malignant neoplasm
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cancer
