question

C

answer

An XX individual develops as a male. Which of the following statements offers the most likely explanation? This is the usual situation for an XX individual. This occurs when the sperm does not contribute any genetic material. A piece of a Y chromosome has become attached to one of the X chromosomes. This occurs when the egg does not contribute any genetic material

question

C

answer

The tendency to develop most genetic diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, is Question options: usually the result of a mutation in one gene. the result of new combinations of alleles formed during meiosis. the result of the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. the result of multiple mutations caused by crossing-over

question

False

answer

Genes become linked when crossing-over occurs between nonhomologous chromosomes. T/F

question

C

answer

A lizard with striped tails is crossed with one having a spotted head, producing normal looking (no stripes or spots) progeny. What progeny would be expected to be produced by mating one of these lizards with another that had a striped tail and spotted head, if the genes conferring stripes and spots were close together on the same chromosome? Question options: equal numbers of normal, striped, spotted and striped and spotted 3 striped : 1 spotted mostly progeny that are striped or spotted mostly progeny that are normal or striped and spotted 9 normal : 3 striped : 3 spotted : 1 striped and spotted

question

D

answer

A locus is a recessive gene. an unmatched allele. a sex chromosome. the location of an gene on a chromosome. a dominant gene.

question

C

answer

If a genetic disorder is caused by a dominant allele, individuals with which of the following genotypes would be affected by the disorder? Question options: AA and aa aa and Aa AA and Aa AA, Aa, and aa

question

E

answer

The sex of a human is usually determined by: the number of chromosomes. the number of autosomes. the presence of only one X chromosome. the number of sex chromosomes. the presence of the Y chromosome.

question

True

answer

Sex-linked genes are found on either the X chromosome or the Y chromosome but not both. T/F

question

The diagram below demonstrates what happens during a change in chromosomal structure known as a deletion. T/F

answer

True

question

D

answer

Both members of a couple are carriers for a recessive disease allele. If the couple has four children, which of the following statements must be true? One of the children has the disease. Two of the children have the disease. All of the male children have the disease. Fifty percent of the children could be carriers of the disease.

question

C

answer

Most inherited human genetic disorders are inherited as _____ alleles. dominant autosomal recessive environmental

question

A

answer

What is the effect of the independent assortment of chromosomes on the overall variety of individuals produced? It increases the probable variation between individuals. It does not affect the probable variation between individuals. It decreases the probable variation between individuals. It causes excessive crossing-over within the genome.

question

C

answer

The sex of most mammals, birds, and insects is determined by: the temperature. the environment. sex chromosomes. chance. None of the above.

question

A

answer

A tumor suppressor is a(n) negative growth regulator. oncogene. positive growth regulator. sarcoma virus.

question

E

answer

The vast majority of human cancer cases are colon cancer. occur in children. involve women. are caused by inherited genetic conditions. are caused in part or completely by environmental factors

question

A

answer

For a virus to reproduce, it must insert its DNA into the host cell's genome. How might this cause cancer in the host? Question options: The viral DNA could insert a gene that controls cell division into the host's DNA. Because the host cell is much smaller than the virus, the host cell must expand until it becomes a tumor large enough to hold the virus. The virus could turn off an proto-oncogene. Viruses cannot cause cancer.

question

A

answer

Mutations in which of the following are most likely to lead to cancer? Question options: genes that control the cell cycle genes that code for muscle proteins genes that code for nerve cells genes that control for eye color

question

False

answer

A perfect cure for cancer would stop all cell division in an organism. T/F

question

C

answer

Which of the following is not true of cancer? Cancer involves cell division. Cancer can be caused by viruses. Cancer results from a balanced production of positive and negative growth regulators. Cancer involves the loss of a cell's ability to control cell division.

question

D

answer

A mutation in a tumor suppressor gene would most likely Question options: have no effect on cells. decrease the possibility of cancer. lead to the production of cancer suppressing proteins. increase the possibility of cancer. change proto-oncogenes to oncogenes.

question

E

answer

What factors can increase human susceptibility to cancer? Question options: exposure to hormones carcinogens smoking unprotected sex all of the above

question

B

answer

Why is it more common for a person beyond middle age to have an increased risk for cancer? Question options: Older cells have fewer stem cells to help produce newer cells. Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes will have a longer time to accumulate mutations. Genes can no longer repair themselves and will fall to mutations. Hereditary mutations will occur after this age to cause cancer. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes reduce the number of mutations.

question

E

answer

The p53 gene Question options: is a tumor suppressor gene. stimulates repair of damaged DNA. Inhibits the cell cycle. when disabled or mutated can lead to cancerous growth. all of these

question

C

answer

Which of the following statements regarding cancer risk is true? Question options: Identical twins have a higher risk of getting cancer than nonidentical twins. Inherited genetic defects pose the most significant risk for developing cancer. Environmental factors pose the greatest cancer risk. Viruses are the only known risk for developing cancer. none of the above

question

E

answer

Cancer cells Question options: have much faster cell division schedules than most non-cancerous cells. are capable of durviving without being attached to other cells. divide to produce high densities of cells. may be capable of recruiting blood vessels. all of these

question

D

answer

If a cell has complete control over both negative and positive regulation of its division, which of the following will most likely occur? Question options: The cell will divide rapidly but not become a tumor. The cell will divide to become a benign tumor. The cell will divide to become a malignant tumor. The cell will divide at its normal rate.

question

E

answer

Coat color in one breed of mice is controlled by incompletely dominant alleles so that yellow and white are homozygous, while cream is heterozygous. The cross of two cream individuals will produce Question options: all cream offspring. equal numbers of white and yellow mice, but no cream. equal numbers of white and cream mice. equal numbers of yellow and cream mice. equal numbers of white and yellow mice, with twice as many creams as the other two colors.

question

D

answer

An individual with the genotype ii would have blood type for the ABO blood group? Question options: A B AB O cannot determine

question

B

answer

A bell-shaped curve (meaning a wide range in values) of phenotypic variation is a representation of Question options: incomplete dominance. polygenic traits. multiple alleles. epistasis. environmental variables on phenotypes.

question

D

answer

The genotype for a pea plant that is homozygous recessive for both height (the letter T) and pea color (the letter Y) would be: Question options: tt. YY. TtYy. ttyy. TTYY.

question

D

answer

If one parent has type A blood and the other parent has type B, then which of the following is possible in the children? Question options: only AB A and AB B and AB A, B, AB, O only O

question

A

answer

Some chickens have a dominant frizzle gene that leads to the development of feathers that curl outward rather than lying flat against their bodies as in standard chickens. Aside from these "frizzled feathers," chickens with this dominant allele also tend to have higher metabolic rates and produce fewer eggs than chickens that carry the recessive version of this gene. Thus, this gene exhibits __________. Question options: pleiotropy polygenic inheritance incomplete dominance codominance

question

B

answer

What was the major contribution of Gregor Mendel? Question options: He coined the term genes. He provided evidence for how traits are inherited. He described how genes code for particular proteins. He explained the central role of proteins in the expression of traits.

question

False

answer

A genotype is always expressed in the phenotype. T/F

question

B

answer

Which of the following must occur before cell division begins? Question options: duplication of the nucleus DNA replication cytokinesis DNA segregation

question

B

answer

In which of the following stages would a human cell not be diploid? Question options: prophase of mitosis telophase of mitosis metaphase of mitosis I prophase of meiosis II

question

True

answer

During meiosis I the paternal and maternal homologous chromosomes separate into different daughter cells. T.F

question

A

answer

Mature nerve cells, which don't undergo cell division, usually do not exit ____________ of the cell cycle. Question options: G0 phase S phase prophase metaphase anaphase

question

A

answer

What evolutionary advantage is provided by sexual reproduction? Question options: increased genetic diversity making clones making triploidy possible making polyploidy possible being able to work with chromosomes

question

A

answer

The aftereffects of a sunburn show how skin cells are replaced as they are lost from the surface of the skin. This replacement process represents an example of Question options: mitosis. meiosis I. meiosis II. meiosis I and II. none of the above View Feedback

question

D

answer

In eukaryotic cells, which can occur during mitosis? Question options: the duplication of chromatids the replication of DNA pairing of homologous chromosomes fragmentation and disappearance of nuclear envelope all of these

question

False

answer

If each skin cell of an organism has 24 chromosomes, its gametes must also have 24 chromosomes. T/F

question

C

answer

Which of the following is an accurate characterization of a mutation? Question options: an exchange of chromosomes between two chromosomes the linkage of two unrelated chromosomes a change in the sequence of DNA. the reassortment of chromosomes at meiosis the shuffling of genes during gamete preparation

question

C

answer

Some daughter cells are described as clones; for this description to be appropriate, the daughter cells must Question options: show the same differentiation characteristics as the parent cell. separate from one another and experience an independent existence. contain a set of alleles that is identical to that of the parent cell. have been produced by meiotic cell division.

question

is DNA + structural proteins

answer

Chromatin

question

is a fully condensed chromosome

answer

Chromatid

question

a full linear (string) double-stranded DNA molecule

answer

Chromosome

question

The number of chromosomes you inherit from each parent. human=n=23

answer

Haploid Number

question

the entire genome of an animal is diploid

answer

diploid

question

body cells are diploid

answer

somatic cells

question

are haploid

answer

sex cells/germ/gametes

question

are chromosomes involved in sex determination (only one pair for humans)

answer

sex chromosomes

question

are chromosomes involved in everything but sex determination (22pairs of humans)

answer

autosomes

question

cell division results in 2 nearly identical___________

answer

daughter cells

question

centromere

answer

sister chromatids are held together at the________________

question

is what makes individuals different from each other for most traits

answer

genetic variation

question

Different variations of a particular gene created through mutations

answer

alleles

question

interphase

answer

either paused here or preparing for the next phase(longest stage)

question

interphase

answer

performs normal functions, developing and maturing, getting bigger

question

Most adult cells enter a non-dividing "mature cell" phase

answer

G0

question

mitosis

answer

somatic cells undergo

question

prophase

answer

nuclear envelope dissolves / replicated chromosomes compact

question

metaphase

answer

chromosomes line up

question

anaphase

answer

sister chromatids separate

question

telophase

answer

chromosomes are at each pole and nuclei reform

question

mitosis

answer

separates sister chromatids and distributes one of each into each of the daughter cells

question

cytokinesis

answer

pinching off of the plasma membrane

question

diploid cells

answer

__________ of each parent organism must become haploid before fusing with the cells of another organism

question

haploid gametes

answer

meiosis creates_____

question

reduces the number of chromosomes by separating homologous pairs 2 XX

answer

meiosis I reduction phase

question

separates sister chromatids into two different daughter cells 4 IIII

answer

meiosis II segregation phase

question

chromosomal reduction dip to hap and new combos-crossing over

answer

meiosis I

question

prophase

answer

crossing over occurs in ______ of meiosis I

question

answer

crossing over

question

Separates the sister chromatids from each other

answer

meiosis II

question

prokaryotes

answer

_____________ use binary fission (cell division for cells with no nucleus)

question

letters CC Cc cc

answer

genotype

question

what you see (red in color)

answer

phenotype

question

appears on x or y but not both

answer

sex linked genes

question

Positive growth regulators

answer

the gas pedal

question

Proto-oncogenes

answer

Genes that encourage cell division and are necessary for normal development.

question

False

answer

cancer is caused by mutations which is why most of the risk of cancer comes from inherited mutations.

question

A

answer

of the following genetic expressions patterns which would ne expected to be affected the most by env. factors? Polygenic-a lot of phenotypes height pleiotropic-??? codominant both show black and white incomplete dominant-blend gray epistatic mendelian- one trait either have it or not window peak

question

F

answer

an organism with 26 chromosomes has far more genes than on with 4 chromosomes. T/F

question

negative growth regulators

answer

brake pedal

question

genes that prevent the cell cycle from occurring, or encourage programmed cell death

answer

Tumor suppressor genes

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