Homework1 – Flashcard
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John Snow, in Snow on Cholera
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was an early epidemiologist who used natural experiments
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Epidemiologic approach
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Surveillance of a population
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Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may reflect
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seasonal variations in cases of influenza.
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The epidemic intelligence service is responsible for
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racking down unusual disease outbreaks in the U.S. and foreign countries.
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In less developed regions, triangular population distributions are
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linked to high mortality among younger age groups
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Health disparities refers to
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differences in health characteristics that exist among specific U.S. population groups.
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Halfway-houses
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Tertiary Prevention
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Nutritional counseling for pregnant women
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Primary Prevention Active
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Screening for breast cancer
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Secondary Prevention
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Pasteurization of milk
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Primary Prevention Passive
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Immunization against rubella
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Primary Prevention Active
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Incidence rate
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the number of new cases of the disease over a time period divided by the total population (at risk) during the same time period times a multiplier.
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Crude death rate
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the number of deaths in a given year/reference population (during mid-point of the year) times 100,000.
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Point of prevalence
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Defined as the number of persons ill divided by the total number in the group at one point.
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proportional mortality ratio
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mortality due to a specific cause during a time period divided by the mortality due toa ll causes during the same time period times 100
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When the duration of a disease becomes short and the incidence is high
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the prevalence becomes similar to the incidence.
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descriptive epidemiology
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aids in the creation of hypoteheses
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Major categories of descriptive epidemiologic variables are
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person, place, and time
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Mortality rates by sex in the US generally show
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male rates are greater than female.
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Reasons for gender differences in mortailty may include
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greater frequency of smoking among men
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marital status is an important descriptive epidemiologic variable because it
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is theorized to be both a selective and a protective factor
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studies of nativity and migration have reported that
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some migrants have inadequate immunization status with respect to vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Descriptive Epidemiology has the following characteristics
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provides the basis for planning and evaluation of health services, allows comparisons by age, sex, and race, and identifies problems to be studied by analytic methods.
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Medline, toxline, and dialog
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are all examples of online databases.
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the freedom of information act
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exempts release of personal medical data
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a registry is
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a centralized database of information about a disease
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national health survey consists of
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several distinct programs conducted by the national center for health statistics.
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disease registries
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one of the widely used sources of statistical data on cancer
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vital statistics
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the best source of information on adult and infant mortality
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the best routinely available source of data regarding the incidence of respiratory disease outbreaks and other rapidly spreading conditions are
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reports of absenteeism from work and school
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A morbidity survey of the general population
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is most likely to be representative of the general health status of a population
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the concept of a standard metropolitan statistical area was introduced to create a unit that would
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provide a distinction between metropolitan and non-metropolitan cities.
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cautious use of information from death certificates is warranted because
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cause of death information may not be correct
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vital statistics registration system in the U.S. collects data on all vital events including
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births, deaths, and fetal deaths
