Physiology Chapter 11 – Flashcards

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question
Glands that release their secretion into ducts leading to a body surface are called ____ glands.
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exocrine
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Cancer patients often develop endocrine disorders because
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cancer cells sometimes secrete hormones inappropriately.
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Steroid hormones produce their effects by
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activating genes.
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A group of lipids called ____ have powerful, regulating effects on a variety of tissues.
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prostaglandins
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A group of lipids called prostaglandins act as "local hormones" on a variety of tissues.
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True
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Cyclic AMP is produced from molecules of ____ as a result of enzymatic action.
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ATP
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Hormone concentrations are regulated by
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levels of substances in the blood only.
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The secretion of hormones from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is largely controlled by
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releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.
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Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus have target cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
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True
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When a gland is stimulated to increase its secretion by the substance it produces, a ____ feedback system is operating.
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positive
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Which of the following is secreted by neurosecretory cells in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
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Antidiuretic hormone
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Growth hormone
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does all of the above.
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Which of the following hormones exerts its effect primarily on the reproductive organs?
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Follicle-stimulating hormone
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Diabetes insipidus is caused by
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a lack of ADH.
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The secretion of pituitary hormones is largely controlled by the hypothalamus.
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True
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Oxytocin acts on the myoepithelial cells of the breasts and causes them to eject breast milk.
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True
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Releasing hormones are carried from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland by vessels called hypophyseal ____ veins.
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portal
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The hormone that stimulates the release of growth hormone is called ____.
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growth hormone-releasing hormone
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Growth hormone release is stimulated by
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growth hormone releasing hormone.
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Thyroxine
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increases the rate at which proteins are synthesized.
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The hormone that decreases the plasma calcium concentration is
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calcitonin.
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Cretinism is caused by
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hypothyroidism.
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A person with an abnormally high metabolic rate, who is underweight and who has protruding eyes is exhibiting symptoms of
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hyperthyroidism.
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The ____ gland must have iodine before it can synthesize its hormones.
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thyroid
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The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the
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plasma calcium concentration.
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Parathyroid hormone stimulates
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osteoclast activity.
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An example of a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla is
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epinephrine.
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Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to
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conserve sodium and excrete potassium.
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Cortisol
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stimulates the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates.
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The neurons that stimulate secretions from cells of the adrenal medulla are best described as
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sympathetic neurons.
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A deficiency of hormones from the adrenal medulla is likely to produce
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none of the above.
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The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens.
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True
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Insulin causes
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a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose.
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Diabetes mellitus is characterized by
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all of the above.
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by
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a disorder of the immune system.
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Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus usually includes
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all of the above.
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The pancreas functions as part of the endocrine system and as part of the ____ system.
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digestive
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The pancreas functions as both an endocrine gland and as an exocrine gland.
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True
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Melanoctye-stimulating hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is produced by the
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pars intermedia.
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The ____ gland is a hormone-secreting structure located deep between the cerebral hemispheres attached to the roof of the third ventricle. It is involved in function of the biological clock.
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pineal
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