Chapter 12: Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancr – Flashcards
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tumor
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Abnormal growth of tissue that results from uncontrolled multiplication of cells
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in situ cancer
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Localized cancer cells in on site that have not spread to other parts of the body
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metastasis
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Process in which cancer cells spread from original site to other areas of the body
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neoplasm
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New and abnormal growth of tissue that results from uncontrolled multiplication of cells
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lymphoma
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Type of cancer that occurs in the infection-fighting regions of the body
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carcinoma
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Type of cancer that occurs iin the epithelial tissues
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sarcoma
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Type of cancer that occurs in the mesodermal tissues, such as bones, muscle, and connective tissue.
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leukemia
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Type of cancer that occurs in the blood-forming parts of the body
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metabolic syndrome
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Group of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke
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atherosclerosis
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Condition characterized by plaque buildup within arteries
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transient ischemic attack (TIA)
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Brief interruption of the blood supply to the brain that cause temporary impairment
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stroke
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Interruption of blood supply to the brain that causes brain damage; also known as a cerebrovascular accident
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angina pectoris
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Chest pain due to lack of oxygen to the heart
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heart attack
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Blockage of normal blood supply to the heart; also known as a myocardial infraction
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congestive heart failure
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Condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to supply needed oxygen and nutrients to the body; causes buildup of fluid in the tissues
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aneurysm
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Weakened area of a blood vessel that causes the wall to bulge out under pressure
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MRI
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Imaging technique that permits visualization of the soft tissues of the body by applying an external magnetic field
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CT scan
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Form of x-ray imaging that produces a view of a detailed cross-section of tissue
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readiotherapy
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Treatment method that uses radiation to kill cancerous cells
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chemotherapy
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Treatment method that uses drugs to kill cancerous cells
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more than 8%
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Percentage of the US population that has some form of diabetes
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diabetes mellitus
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A group of disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels
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pancreas
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The organ that produces the hormone insulin and releases it into the bloodstream
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Type 1 diabetes
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The serious and less prevalent form of diabetes
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pre-diabetes
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A condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as Type 2 Diabetes
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65%
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The percentage of diabetics that die from heart disease or stroke
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126 mg/dl or higher
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The fasting plasma glucose level that indicates that a person has Type 2 diabetes
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Losing weight, adopting a healthy diet and increasing physical activity
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Things that people with pre-diabetes can do to reduce their chances of developing Type 2 Diabetes
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cancer
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A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
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benign tumor
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noncancerous tumor
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an adult's fist
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The approximate size of the human heart
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arteries
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blood vessels that carry blood away from the human heart
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ventricles
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the two lower chambers of the heart
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malignant tumor
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cancerous tumor
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veins and venules
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Blood vessels that transport carbon dioxide and waste products to the lungs and kidneys
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capillaries
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Blood vessels that permit the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products with body cells
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plaque
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a build up on artery walls caused by abnormally high blood lipid levels
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oncogenes
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Genes that have the potential to be cancer-causing
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
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A sexually transmitted disease linked to cervical cancer
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Hodgkin's disease
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A type of cancer classified as a lymphoma
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leukemia
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The type of cancer characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells
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tachycardia
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A rapid heart rate in the absence of exercise or anxiety
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lung cancer
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In the US, the leading cause of death in both men and women
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bradycardia
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An abnormally slow heart rate
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fibrillation
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A heart that beats in a quivering, sporadic manner
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prostrate cancer
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In the US, The most common type of cancer for males
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stroke
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The common name for a cerebrovascular accident
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transient ischemic attacks
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The term used to describe a series of mild strokes
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malignant meanoma
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The most deadly form of skin cancer
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false
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True/False: Lifestyle factors do not play a significant role in the development of cancer
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false
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True/False: A benign tumor is also cancerous
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true
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True/False: Malignant tumors are usually not enclosed in a protective capsule and can spread to other organs
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true
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True/False: Men can develop breast cancer
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false
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True/False: Cancers of the bone and connective tissues are known as carcinomas
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true
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True/False: Oxygenated blood is transported from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary vein
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false
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True/False: More than 40% of Americans suffer from one or more types of cardiovascular disease.
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false
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True/False: A quivering, sporadic heartbeat is known as bradycardia
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false
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True/False: High levels of LDL cholesterol and low levels of HDL are beneficial for the prevention of CVD
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true
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True/False: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is known as the "silent killer" because it often has no overt symptoms
