Health set – Flashcards

Sports physicians have to perform complex diagnoses of injuries and problems. They also may be required to perform surgery during the course of treatment. These responsibilities require extensive knowledge and practice, so the advanced degree is necessary.

Disease prevention programs try to reduce cardiovascular disease by making improvements to the environment and by promoting heart healthy lifestyles. Programs also place a lot of emphasis on prevention and public awareness.

Knowing what each healthcare professional does will help people select the right professional for their problem, which can lead to a quicker diagnosis, treatment, and recovery

The rules at a job are generally more absolute, which means that you can get fired from your position for breaking the rules. While the rules at home may be strict, you usually will not be "fired" from your house. Depending on the job, you may or may not have more responsibility at work. You are also guaranteed a paycheck from your job, whereas you may or may not get an allowance for the work you do at home.

A healthy relationship is based on trust and honesty. In a healthy relationship, partners practice mutual respect, make decisions together, and share their thoughts and emotions. In an unhealthy relationship, a partner may be controlling and possessive. The relationship may feel burdensome and/or be too much to handle. An unhealthy relationship can also lower a person's self-esteem and make a person feel bad about him or herself.

In the early adolescent period, many teens tend to think only of themselves with little regard for others' points of view. When the late adolescent period is reached, they are more likely to consider others, be more logical in decision making, and understand the consequences of their actions.

In addition to general practitioners, family, and friends, there are clinics, charities, and agencies that specialize in providing counseling for individuals with STIs.

HIV has no cure. Medications can only prolong life and treat infections. The virus weakens the immune system and in time becomes AIDS, at which time it is very difficult for the body to fight off diseases and certain cancers.

After HIV has caused such a reduction in immune cells that the body can no longer fight off illness, a person will be diagnosed with AIDS. Common signs of AIDS are opportunistic infections, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, pneumonia, candida, and eye infections. Severe weight loss, brain tumors, night sweats, chronic diarrhea, swollen lymph nodes, severe shaking from chills, and high fever are also some of the most common symptoms.

Places that provide various resources about STIs can include schools, county health agencies, health clinics, online health sites, and private doctors' offices.

Radiation involves irradiating cancer cells. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or interfere with their reproduction. Surgery removes tumors and sometimes the surrounding tissue. Immunotherapy uses vaccines and medicines to boost the immune system to attack cancer cells. Hormone therapy blocks production of hormones and treats cancer cells so they do not respond to hormones, possibly by removing hormone-producing glands.

Most people are aware that diabetes is not a contagious disease, so people are more accepting of it. With HIV, many people still have misconceptions about how the virus is spread, leading them to discriminate against those with HIV.

To prevent the spread of communicable diseases, one can avoid sharing personal items, wash hands, stay away from public places when ill, and limit exposure to individuals with contagious diseases.

Influenza comes in different strains that are constantly changing. A shot from one year will not protect you from the virus the next year. If you have the flu one year, it will not prevent you from getting a different type of flu the same year or a different year.

Strategies that can be used to treat contagious infections include medication to eradicate infection, alleviation of symptoms, and prevention. Bacterial, fungal, and protozoan infections can be treated with various medications. Bacterial infections are often treated with antibiotics that are selected based on the type and severity of the bacterial infection. Antiviral drugs are commonly used to treat respiratory viruses, herpes viruses, and HIV. Antifungal medications are either administered orally or topically depending on the severity and location of the fungal infection. Since there is no known cure for viral infections, medication can only treat the symptoms. This does provide some alleviation. Many infections, such as rubella and small pox, can be prevented through vaccinations.

Some negative coping strategies include smoking, drinking alcohol, or using drugs. It might also include over- and undereating as a way to manage stress. Lashing out at others is another negative way stress shows. Finally, many choose to avoid the problem altogether by sleeping too much, watching TV or playing on the computer hour after hour, and withdrawing from family and friends.

It is important to express one's feelings and not hold them in. It is important to take care of yourself and listen to your body. Develop resilience, which is the ability to bounce back after emotional stress has occurred. Finally, keep things in perspective. This last step includes keeping a positive outlook.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a person's basic physical needs for food and water and safety needs need to be met first. Once these needs are met, a person can then focus on their social needs, which is the need for love, affection, and acceptance. Then a person can focus on esteem needs, which is the need to have self-respect and the ability to achieve one's goals. Once all of these needs are met, a person reaches self-actualization.

The various types of loss include death, divorce, disability, moving, and relationship breakups.

A person in the young adulthood stage is between the ages of 21 and 35. Young adulthood is a time when growth rate slows and people reach peak physical health. People in this stage generally make more responsible choices, have a better sense of identity, and experience less conflict. This is also the stage in one's life when one selects a job or career path, enters a committed relationship, gets married, and starts a family. A person in the middle adulthood stage is between the ages of 35 and 65. This stage of life is characterized by a period of security, satisfaction, and maturity. People in this stage often experience diminished muscle tone and strength, and women go through menopause. Also, people in middle adulthood may pursue new challenges and reflect on their mortality. Major life events that occur in this stage may include focusing on career and family, experiencing a midlife crisis or the empty nest syndrome, and acquiring new illnesses.

Before getting married, a couple should have a serious discussion about how finances will be managed, what each person's role is, how duties will be divided around the house, where they will live, joint values and beliefs, and parenting and community involvement.

It helps to develop and strengthen common goals. Working together strengthens the bonds among friends and provides a sense of support. When people share the same interests, it also promotes a sense of belonging.

Although it is normal to have conflicts with friends, it is not healthy to get angry over a simple disagreement. Anger can cause damage to a friendship, can have counterproductive results, can break up the relationship, can hurt feelings, etc.

Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Lying is generally not considered appropriate, but it can be used to come up with excuses and reasons not to use alcohol. If someone offers you a drink and you do not have a excuse ready to use that happens to be true, it may be better to make up an excuse that is not true rather than give in to peer pressure and drink alcohol.

Al-Anon is a nonprofit alcohol education program designed to help support the children and families of alcoholics. This goal is different from programs like Alcoholics Anonymous and the American Red Cross, where the goal is to provide support directly to individuals battling alcohol addiction. Al-Anon is an indirect education and support program meant to help foster a healthier environment, while the others are support programs meant to help people directly.

Community-sponsored programs are organized by nongovernmental agencies in a community such as religious institutions, businesses, or clubs. They are not supported by or affiliated with government organizations and thus generally cannot claim to represent official government policies.

A strategy for remaining alcohol-free involves a plan for how to handle situations that will tempt you to give in and use alcohol. By planning a strategy ahead of time, it is more likely that when a situation arises, you will be prepared to face it and refuse alcohol.

Acute diseases are those with rapid onsets that can be treated and often cured. Chronic diseases, meanwhile, are long-term diseases and conditions that cannot be treated and forgotten; chronic diseases may or may not have a cure and can require a lifelong commitment to treatment. Since alcoholism has no cure and is a disease that can result in relapses throughout life, it is considered a chronic disease.

Regional resources that may be utilized in becoming tobacco-free include state phone anti-smoking/tobacco quitting services, Nicotine Anonymous, local community support groups, the county health department, and various anti-tobacco health or employee plans.

Smoking in public places increases exposure to secondhand smoke for nonsmokers. Exposure to secondhand smoke is as dangerous as direct exposure to smoke that smokers experience. Individuals who are in public places where smoking is permitted do not have a choice as to their exposure to damaging secondhand smoke, so many states have chosen to prohibit smoking in public places.

Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Tobacco use can negatively impact personal finances through the cost of purchased tobacco products, loss of income due to missed work days, and increased healthcare costs due to the increased risk of illness associated with tobacco use.

Responses will vary. A sample response follows: By approaching illegal drug use from a variety of perspectives, communities hope to improve their drug use prevention programs. Each group has its own resources and consequent advantages. By combining their resources, communities and their partners are approaching the problem from all possible angles. This should yield a higher success rate in the reduction and prevention of drug use.

Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Though many teens firmly believe that drugs are wrong, they find themselves tempted to try them anyway. The temptation becomes strong when they find themselves in situations where drugs are being used. Perhaps, they feel left out. It may also appear that everyone else is having a lot more fun than they are. Therefore, it is best to avoid all scenarios where drugs may be present. This way, these conflicting feelings will not arise, and the temptation to compromise their values will not become an issue.

Responses will vary. A sample response follows: The first step involved in treatment is the clinical assessment. Through this process, information concerning the patient's family medical and emotional history is assessed. Information concerning the addict's thoughts and behavior or any issues surrounding the drug abused is also addressed, such as questions about the length of abuse, etc. The type of treatment plan is then determined as goals are discussed as well as strategies to reach those goals. Strategies for treatment often involve determining whether inpatient or outpatient treatment is needed, whether medical or social detox is necessary, etc.

Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Both are full-time facilities, which means that the patient resides onsite until the treatment is complete. Inpatient treatment facilities are located in hospitals or clinics. This is significant, since inpatient treatment is typically reserved for individuals who are dealing with mental or medical conditions in addition to their substance abuse problem. Their firm structure also makes them beneficial to adolescents with substance abuse problems. Residential treatment facilities are not associated with hospitals. In addition to treating drug addiction, many of them offer educational programs focusing on career or parenting skills to help their patients navigate through life after they finish treatment.

Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Walking away is an effective strategy if someone is continuing to pressure you to use drugs after you have declined. Walking away also may be the only option if you are feeling as if you may give in to the pressure to use. Removing yourself entirely from a tempting situation will most likely help in taking your mind off the pressure, as well.

Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Drug use, production, and sales pose a threat to public safety because they increase criminal activity as the desire to fulfill the addiction and make money through drug sales expands. Drug use also increases the spread of disease as individuals battling addictions often make poor judgments concerning sexual behavior, sharing needles, etc. Finally, drug distribution also increases the risk of pollution as chemicals needed to make drugs are dangerously mixed or used, creating an environmental hazard.

Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Family is one of the strongest influences on teens and their decision making. Parents, siblings, and other family members are guiding influences throughout a teen's life and often occupy a position of authority or power in the teen's life. As a result, teens can be strongly influenced by the poor decisions of these authority figures in their lives.

Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Teens should not take drugs because they face lifetime risks. These risks include being more susceptible to the drug's effects. A teen's brain is still developing, and teens have a greater risk for addiction. Taking drugs can cause irreversible effects on the brain and could lead to lifelong struggles, including ways to cope with problems or issues in a healthy manner.

Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Drug users are at risk for suicide because most drugs are a depressant and amplify negative emotions. The depressing effects of these drugs often lead to poor judgment and depression. Once an addiction is formed, loss of control over the amount of drug consumed can lead to further despair. When attempting to withdraw from the drug, the side effects can also be too overwhelming for the drug user to tolerate.