practice stuff – Flashcards

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Anti diarrheals

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  • loperamide (Imodium AD)
  • bismuth
  • difenoxine and atropin (Motofen)
  • diphenoxylate and atropine (Lomotil)
  • Octreotide (Sandostatin)
  • Opium tincture
  • Polycarbophil (FiberCon, FiberTabs)
  • Psyllium (Metamucil
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Sentinel Events

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  • Events which cause serious harm to the patient
  • Events which could have potentially caused serious harm to the patient
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 ADRs

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  • Manufacturers are required to report them
  • Doctors, pharmacists, nurses, etc. are not required ot report them
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Antibiogram

 

  1. What is it?
  2. What is the purpose of it?
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  1. In vitro assay to determine what antibiotics an isolated bacterial strain is susceptible to
  2. To give a guideline for choosing antimicrobials based on susceptibility
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How does one report Medication errors?

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FDA 3500

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USP 797

 

  1. What is it?
  2. Why do we have it?
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  • Need vertical hoods for chemo drugs
  1. Regulations for compounding sterile preparation, storage, and dispensing that applies to health care institutions, pharmacies, and physicians practice facilities, and other facilties
  2. Sets practice standards/policies to help ensure that compounded sterile preparations are high quality and free from contamination
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P&T Committee

 

  1. Who is on it?
  2. How often do they meet?
  3. Hwat is their purpose?
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  1. A pharmacist and a doctor have to be on it.  A pharmacist (director of pharmacy) is the secretary and a doctor heads the committee 
  2. Anywhere from once a month to quarterly
  3. Policydevelopment, communication and education, formulary management/administration
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Differentiate between the different medicine distribution machines

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Omnirx is linked to a patient profile

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Formulary

 

  1. What is it?
  2. why do we need one?
  3. Who decides what is on it?
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  1. List of drugs that are to be used in a facility
  2. Save $$
  3. P&T committee
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IV to PO swtich

 

  1. Why do we need to do this?
  2. What are teh criteria must meet?
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1a. reduce length of hospital stay

  b. avoid risks associated with continued intravenous therapy

  c. lower medciation costs

2a. permission from P&T committee

  b. drug must have a good therapeutic index

  c. cardiovascular meds...

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Adverse effects of Imodium AD

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dizziness, constipation, abdominal cramping, nausea

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What kind of drug is Dewey's Carminative and what does it contain?

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Anacid

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Magnesium Carbonate

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Ultram Max dose

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400 mg/day

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Absorbents

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What drugs are in this type?

What do they treat?

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- Attapulgite
- Kaolin
- Pectin
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Diarrhea
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How do the different types of antidiarrheals work?

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- Loperamide:; mu agonist-slows motility of intesting;
- Aborbents:; absorb noxious substances in GI tract
- BSS:; reacts with HCl in stomach forms bismuth oxychloride
-Digestive enzymes:; lactase
-lactobacillus:; probiotic-replenishes NF (not considered effective therapy
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Vitamin A deficiency

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Blindness

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Vitamin D deficiency

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;Rickets

Calcium abormalities

increased risk of breast cancer

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Vitamin E deficiency

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peripheral neuropathy, intermittent claduication, muslce weakness, ; hemolytic anemia

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Vitamin K

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Unusual bleeding, prolonged PT

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Vitamin C deficiency

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Scurvy

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B1(thiamine) deficiency

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Beriberi

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B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

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blurred vision

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B3 (niacin) deficiency

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;pellagra ; 3D's

dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis

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B5 (panthenoic acid) deficiency

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burning sensation in hands/feet

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B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency

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pellagra

irritability & convusions

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B7 (biotin) deficiency

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N/V

depression

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B9 (folic acid) deficiency 

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daily recommended dose

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neural tube defects
sore mouth, diarrhea, forgetfullness, irritation
 
400 mcg 
(600 mcg if pregnant)
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B12 (Cyanocobalmin) deficiency

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macrolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, neruologic symptoms, GI symptoms

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Vitamin B1

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thiamine

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Vitamin B2

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Riboflavin

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Vitamin B3

 

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Niacin

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Vitamin B5

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 Panthenoic acid

 

 

 

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Vitamin B6

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Pyridoxine

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Vitamin B7

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Biotin

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Vitamin B9

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Folic Acid

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Vitamin B12

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Cyanocobalmin

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Different types of diaper rash treatments

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(all skin protectants)

Zinc Oxide

talc and cornstarch

Calamine

Allantoin

Mineral oil

lanolin

petrolatum

white petrolatum

kaolin

cod liver oil

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Rule of 3 for colic

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Crying that begins sometime after the third week, lasts for at least three hours each day, occurs on more than three days per week, and continues for at least three weeks

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treatment for colic

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gas reducers

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types of insulins

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-rapid acting - start in 5 to 15 min; work for 3-4 hours
 (humalog & novolog)
-short-acting - start in 30 minutes; work for 5-8 hours
 (regular, Humulin R)
-intermediate-acting - start in 1-3 hours; work for 16-24 hours (NPH)
-long-acting - start in 4-6 hours; work for 32 hours (lantus)
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Extreme thirst

Frequent urination

Dry skin

Hunger

Blurred vision

Drowsiness

Nausea

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Hyperglycemia

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Shaking

Fast Heartbeat

Sweating

Anxiousness

Dizziness

Hunger

impaired Vision

Weakness and/or fatigue

Headache

Irritability

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Hypoglycemia

 

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Normal value for INR

normal patients

 

warfarin patients

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1

 

2-3

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Normal lab value for HbA1c

 

non-diabetics

 

diabetics

 

 

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4-6%

 

less than 7%

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Normal lab values for Thyroid

(Tsh)

 

 

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0.35-6 u/ml

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Normal lab values for triglycerides

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less than 200

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Normal lab values for LDL

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less than 100 is optimal

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Normal lab values for HDL

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more than 50 is good/great

 

less than 40 is bad

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Normal lab values for Hematocrit

 

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males:  45-52%

 

Females:  37-48%

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Normal lab values for hemoglobin

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males:  13-18g/100ml

 

females:  12-16g/100ml

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Normal lab values for PSA

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0-0.4ng/ml

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Normal BG levels

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>70 mg/dl - hypoglycemic

 >180 mg/dl

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Ginger 

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dyspepsia, colic, diarrhea, nausea, heart disease

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Garlic

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prevents heart disease, atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, hypertension, cancer, regulates high blood sugar levels

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Ginko

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memory and concentration

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Gensing

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stress

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Warfarin MOA

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inhibits anticoagulation factors II, VII, IX, X and protein C,S

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Warfarin strengths

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1,2,2.5,3,4,5,6,7,7.5,10

 

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Monofilament test

 

  1. What is the reason for it?
  2. Why this is preferred over other "touch" methods
  3. How do you do it?
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  1. To test for nerve damage
  2. since it is flexible it will allow for consistency form tester to tester.  There is no real difference in the amount of pressure the patient actually feels
  3. have pt turn their head so they can't watch.; touch the foot at randome spots varying time intervals
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Hospital Administration dosing

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;QID:; 9:00, 1:00, 5:00, 9:00

TID:; 9:00, 1:00, 9:00

BID:; 9:00 ; 9:00

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Quinolone Antibiotics

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Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Gatifloxacin (Zymar, Tequin)

Gemifloxacin (Factive)

Levofloxacin (Levaquin)

Moxifloxacin (Avelox, Vigamox)

Norfloxacin (Noroxin)

Ofloxacin (Floxin, Ocuflox)

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HMG-CoA inhibitors

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Lovastatin (Altoprev, Mevacor, Altocor)

Pravastatin (Pravachol)

Fluvastatin (Lescol, Lescol XL)

Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Cerivastatin (Baycol)

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Somogyl effect

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during night, hypoglycemic event

ody releases epi, you become hyperglycemic in the morning

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Dawn effect

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wake up in the morning (after hormones have been released during night) and have hyperglycemia

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Ciprofloxacin

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Cipro

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Gatifloxacin

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Zymar, Tequin

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Gemifloxacin

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Factive

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Levofloxacin

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Levaquin

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Moxifloxacin

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Avelox, Vigamox

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Norfloxacin

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Noroxin

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Ofloxacin

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Floxin, Ocuflox

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Lovastatin

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Altoprev, Mevacor, Altocor

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Pravastatin

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Pravachol

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Fluvastatin

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Lescol, Lescol XL

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Rosuvastatin

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Crestor

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Atorvastatin

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Lipitor

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