St john First Aid – Flashcards
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First aid is the initial care of the ill or injured and usually is given by someone who is on the spot when a person becomes ill or injured
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What is first aid
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are based on knowledge, training and experience
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skills of a first aider
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promote recovery, preserve life and promote a safe environment
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3 aims of a first aid
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assess the stimulation quickly, identify the injury/illness, call emergency services, manage the patient, stay with patient, give further help
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First aider should
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first aid: remain and assist if requested, first one to help medical aider: the treatment by a health care professional, takes over from 1st aider
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differences between first aider and medical aid
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yes if the manger is no life threatening but no if the patient is unconscious or unable to respond.
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should you ask for consent before administraint first aid
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you remain and provide first aid to the best of your ability and to your leave of training until a pro comes in
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duty of care
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what service do you need, give address, state country, how many people involved, is there danger
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info required by emergency services
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Danger, Response, Send, Airway, Breathing, CPR, Defibrillation
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what does DRSABCD stand for
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1) DRSABCD 2)Shock 3)Bleeding, burns, wounds 4)Fractures 5)minor Wounds
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What is the initial assessment priority
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events leading up to incident, signs and symptoms of the patient and any allergies`
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three things to ask about the history of the patent
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involves carrying out a head to toe examination of the patient to determine what injuries are present and prioritise the first aid treatment.
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secondary assessment
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1) DRSABCE + initial assessment 2) Phone for medical assistance 3) secondary assessment 4) Ongoing casualty care
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properties of casualty management
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is the key to improving the survival rate for cardio arrest to our community
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what is the chain of survival
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early access, early CPA, early defibrillation, early advanced life support
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chain of survival steps
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lie patient on back and open moth and look for foreign object with their fingers.
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how do you clea and open the airway
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Cardo Pulmonary Resusitation
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what does CPR stand for
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eating or drinking to fast, not chewing food, swelling small bones/objects
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4 most common causes of choking
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blue ting around lips, making strange sounds, colapsing
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what are the sign of a total airway obstrution
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shocks are caused by lack of circulating blood volume
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definition of shock
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bleeding, inffections, trauma
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3 causes of shock
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signs: place face finger nails, lips cold and clammy skin symptoms: nausea, anxious
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signs and symptoms of initial shock
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signs; WEAK AND RAPID PULSE, extremities come blue, blush in colour symptoms: thirsty, confused, restless, drowsy
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signs and symptoms of a severe shock
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couching and wheezing, blue around the lips,, sweating
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3 signs of an asthma attack
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help into comfortable position, help with administration of patients medication (4:4:4), if little or no improvement within minutes call 000 and keep giving 4:4:4
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management of an asthma attack
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Fanting is a partial or complete loss of consciousness caused by a temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain
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definition of faiting
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pale cool moist skin, numbness in the fingers and toes, dizzy or nauseated
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3 signs and symptoms for fanting
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involuntary over breathing which disturbs the oxygen carbon dioxide balance in the body
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definition of hyperventilation
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rapid breathing, rapid pulse, pins and needles
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3 signs and symptoms of hyperventilation
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follow DRSABCD 2) calm casualty and remove to a quite place 3) encourage slow regular breathing 4)seek medical aid
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Management for hyperventilation
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apply pressure to wound, bandage wound, raise and support injured part
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3 aims for a first aider when ,managing bleeding
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1) tell patient to breath through mouth 2) sit casualty up, head slightly tilt forward 3) apply finger and thumb pressure on soft part of nose for 10 mins 4) loosen tight clothing around neck 5)place cold tools or ice on neck 6)if bleeding persists seek medical aid
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management of a nosebleed
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2) DRSABCD 2) lie casualty on back 3) don't move object 4) place pads around object or paper cup 5)bandage in place 6) call 000
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managing a penetrating eye injury
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a serious life threatening condition in which body temp is dangerously high
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definition of heatstroke
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rapid and weak pulse, persisten headache, thirst and nausea
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3 signs and symptoms for heat exhaustion
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flushed dry skin, high body temp of 40 or more and initially pounding and rapid pulse which gradually weakens
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3 signs and symptoms for heatstroke
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radiation, evaporation, breathing, conduction, convection
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5 ways that body loses heat
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extent of burn, part(s) of body burnt, depth of burn, age and physical condition of casualty, associated injuries
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what are the 5 severity burns depend on
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1)DRSABCD 2) cool the burnt area 3) cover burnt area with a non adherent/burns dressing 4) prevent infection by covering the burn 5) minimise shock by reassurance
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managing a burn
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Rest, Icepack, Compressions, Elevate
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what is the treatment of a soft tissue injury
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open, closed and complicated
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three types of fractures
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swelling, discolouration and bruising, pain near site of injury
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3 signs and symptoms of a fracture or dislocation
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when on or more bones have been displaced from a normal position
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definition of a dislocation
