Abnormal Psychology Final - Flashcards

question

Which of the following factors does NOT accurately represent the circumstances regarding women and HIV/AIDS?

answer

The highest age of risk for women is after age 25.

question

Which of the following is a correct match of medical condition and its definition?

answer

moycardial infarction--death of heart tissue due to a completely clogged artery

question

The same symptoms that were diagnosed in the 19th century as a condition called neurasthenia are currently referred to as:

answer

chronic fatigue syndrome

question

A new medical specialty called psychoneuroimmunology reflects the relationship among:

answer

all of these

question

The immune system is weakened in AIDS patients because the human immunodeficiency virus directly attacks the lymphocytes called:

answer

T4 (helper cells)

question

Health psychology, a subfield of behavioral medicine, focuses on all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

psychosomatic effects on health

question

Contrary to the earlier belief that the brain and immune system operate independently of each other, scientists now know that there are nerve endings in many immune system tissues such as:

answer

bone marrow

question

Physiological functions that are a focus of biofeedback procedures include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Swallowing

question

Carla and Carlos have recently learned that they are HIV positive. According to research studies involving people who are HIV positive, what is most likely to occur?

answer

Neither Carlos nor Carla is likely to change any of their previous behaviors.

question

According to the textbook, the physiological response of an individual to a stressor is called:

answer

Stress

question

Which of the following statements accurately describes a process in the activation of the HYPAC (hormonal) axis?

answer

The adrenal glands secrete the stress hormone cortisol.

question

Research has shown that increased levels of cortisol in response to stress may cause damage to parts of the:

answer

brain

question

Your textbook reports on a behavioral change program to address the high rate of smoking in China. This was an important study for several reasons including the fact that:

answer

the number of people who smoke in China equals the entire population of the United States

question

Endogenous opioids have been implicated in a variety of psychopathological conditions including:

answer

eating disorders

question

What is the name of the new field of study that reflects the shift in focus from infectious disease to psychological/behavioral factors as causes of illness and death?

answer

behavioral medicine

question

As an example of a behavioral pattern that leads to illness and death, smoking has been estimated to cause approximately __________ of all deaths.

answer

19%

question

"AIDS, a disease of the immune system, is directly affected by stress. Stress may then promote the deadly progression of the disease." These two statements are an example of:

answer

psychological factors influencing biological processes

question

All of the following are psychosocial treatments that have been developed for physical disorders and pain EXCEPT:

answer

acupuncture

question

One of the most successful efforts to reduce risk factors for a medical condition involved three entire communities in California in which residents received different types of interventions or no intervention at all (for the community that served as the control group). The targeted condition in this effort was:

answer

heart disease

question

Estimates from the United Nations regarding the prevalence of AIDS in southern Africa indicate that at least ________ of all 15 year-old children will eventually die of the disease.

answer

40%

question

In a stressful events record, clients in a pain management program are asked to record:

answer

thoughts that occur during stress as well as somatic symptoms

question

According to the principles of health psychology, which of the following is the best protection against acquiring AIDS?

answer

changing risky behaviors that can lead to disease acquisition

question

Whether or not stress and/or anxiety develop in a stressful situation appears to be related to one's perceived sense of:

answer

control

question

AIDS is now treated with new combinations of drugs called "highly active antiretroviral therapy" (HAART), which:

answer

suppress the virus in people who are HIV positive

question

At various times the symptoms of the disorder known as chronic fatigue syndrome were attributed to all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

brain atrophy

question

Mr. V. is participating in a clinical research study that is investigating psychological factors that may influence the development of heart disease. When he is instructed to imagine a situation in which he was very angry, the sensors monitoring his heart reveal that:

answer

his heart is pumping less efficiently

question

Individuals who are high users of pain relieving medications are _______ to benefit from pain management programs than less frequent users.

answer

less likely

question

In the 1960s, Neal Miller, using _________ with animals, discovered the first experimental evidence that physiological functions were subject to voluntary control.

answer

operant conditioning

question

Recent clinical studies indicate that it is a good pain relieving strategy to use biofeedback in conjunction with:

answer

relaxation procedures

question

In 1989 health professionals in China began a massive antismoking effort in several cities that involved children whose fathers smoked. As part of this effort, all of the following are accurate statements EXCEPT:

answer

photos of the fathers who continued smoking were published in the school newspapers

question

Recent research (Wilfley, 2002) regarding the treatment of binge eating disorder indicates that interpersonal therapy (IPT) is ________________ cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT).

answer

equally effective as

question

Recent research (Eddy et al., 2002) suggests that the restricting and binging/purging subtypes of anorexia

answer

show few differences in severity of symptoms

question

The approximate percentage of bulimia patients who do not purge is:

answer

30%

question

The typical profile of a patient with either anorexia or bulimia is:

answer

young, white, female, upper socioeconomic status, socially competitive environment

question

Most individuals with bulimia are:

answer

of fairly normal body weight

question

Jody sometimes eats more than just about any other girl that you know. You wonder if her eating sometimes could be considered bingeing. In order to determine this, you would have to know:

answer

whether eating gets to be out of her control

question

One major problem with the use of medication in the treatment of bulimia is that:

answer

the beneficial effects of the medication may be short-term

question

Amy is a young woman who is very competitive and comes from a high achieving, wealthy family. She is very social and likes the fact that she is quite popular. She believes that her popularity is dependent on the weight and shape of her body. Amy has a boyfriend but worries that she may care more about their relationship than he does. The feature that puts Amy most at risk for an eating disorder such as bulimia is her:

answer

belief that her weight and body shape influence her popularity

question

One intriguing result from the studies comparing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) for bulimia is the finding that:

answer

CBT is more effective in the short term, but IPT patients "catch up" and will do as well as CBT patients one year after treatment

question

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by:

answer

interruption of air flow without cessation of respiratory activity

question

Which of the following young women appears to be at the highest risk for developing an eating disorder?

answer

Bonnie, whose family is perfectionistic, successful and eager to maintain harmony

question

Eating disorders are most prevalent in:

answer

Western cultures where food is plentiful

question

The core diagnostic factor in anorexia is:

answer

intentional weight loss reaching 15% or less of expected body weight

question

The best evidence that binge eating disorder (BED) may not just be a special case of bulimia is that:

answer

bulimic women outnumber bulimic men by 9:1, but this ratio is about 3:1 for BED

question

Individuals suffering from primary insomnia:

answer

have difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep

question

Two factors that help regulate our natural sleep/wake cycles are:

answer

melatonin and light

question

The death rate (including suicide) due to eating disorders is:

answer

higher than that of most psychological disorders

question

Of the following, the group in which we would expect to see the highest incidence of anorexia is:

answer

ballet dancers

question

Given what we know about classical conditioning and learning through association, sleep experts generally recommend:

answer

using the bed for sleep and sex only

question

With regard to drug treatments for bulimia patients, which of the following statements is true?

answer

antidepressants have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia

question

The percentage of the general population that reports some symptoms of insomnia during any given year is approximately:

answer

33%

question

The chief motivating factor in both anorexia and bulimia is:

answer

an overwhelming urge to be thin

question

Of the following, the correct pairing is:

answer

dyssomnia - inability to fall asleep

question

Individuals who feel tired and cranky all day despite falling asleep at a normal hour and awakening at their usual time are most likely suffering from a(n):

answer

parasomnia

question

When individuals with anorexia are evaluated over long periods of time, it has been found that the percentage of individuals who die as a result of their disorder is:

answer

20%

question

Sleep disorders are appropriately diagnosed based on the:

answer

quality and quantity of sleep as well as daytime sequelae (how the individual feels when awake)

question

The increase in the incidence of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia has been referred to as a "collision between our culture and our physiology." The most accurate interpretation of this statement is that:

answer

media standards of beauty are increasingly unattainable for the average woman

question

The most important and immediate goal in the treatment of an anorexic patient is:

answer

weight gain

question

The families of anorexia patients are typically characterized as:

answer

successful and perfectionistic

question

Genetic influences on eating disorders most likely involve:

answer

an inherited personality tendency that may make development of an eating disorder more likely

question

The condition called delirium tremens, also known as the "DTs," involves hallucinations and body tremors during withdrawal from:

answer

alcohol

question

Experts in the field of substance abuse were asked about the relative addictiveness of various drugs. At the top of the list, as most addictive, was:

answer

nicotine

question

A research study suggesting that 20% to 50% of young children (ages 3-6) have already had some exposure to alcohol asked the children to:

answer

identify alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks by smell

question

The drug opiate-antagonist naltrexone is a treatment for substance abuse that works by:

answer

both counteracting the effects of opiates and producing withdrawal symptoms

question

Stimulation of the __________ neurons in the "pleasure pathway" (the site in the brain that seems to be involved in the experience of pleasure) probably causes the "high" associated with cocaine use.

answer

dopamine

question

Enkephalins and endorphins are natural opioids found in:

answer

the brain

question

A perspective of substance dependence that involves "drug-seeking behaviors" includes all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

physical symptoms when the drug is no longer used

question

The American Psychiatric Association defines substance abuse in terms of:

answer

whether or not the substance interferes with the person's life

question

Many individuals use drugs as negative reinforcement, i.e., to escape from the unpleasantness (pain, stress, anxiety) in their lives. This phenomenon is called all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

controlled dosing

question

The common factor among psychoactive drugs may be:

answer

their ability to activate the "pleasure pathways" of the brain

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the opponent-process explanation of drug addiction?

answer

both of these

question

Consequences of long-term excessive drinking include:

answer

all of these

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning marijuana use and abuse?

answer

Paranoia and hallucinations can occur.

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about trichotillomania?

answer

Between 1% and 5% of college students are diagnosed with this disorder.

question

Of the following types of drug prevention strategies which one has the potential for the most successful outcome (according to the information in your textbook)?

answer

cultural attitude change (e.g., widespread enactment of no-smoking legislation)

question

Which of the following effects is associated with cocaine use?

answer

rapid and irregular heartbeat

question

The most commonly consumed of all the psychoactive drugs are the stimulants, which include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

mescaline

question

The field of research called "functional genomics" is concerned with how:

answer

genes work to influence addiction

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about opiate (narcotic) addiction?

answer

Since opiates (narcotics) are usually injected, users are at increased risk for HIV/AIDS.

question

Which of the following types of drugs typically is used in large amounts to commit suicide?

answer

barbiturates

question

Among the so-called recreational or illicit "designer drugs" is a dissociative anesthetic that produces a sense of detachment along with a reduced awareness of pain. It is called:

answer

"K" or "Special K"

question

Nikki has decided to stop smoking (again). She can expect to experience which of the following withdrawal symptoms?

answer

irritability

question

The most common of the psychoactive substances, used by 90% of Americans, is:

answer

caffeine

question

All of the following analgesic substances are classified as opiates EXCEPT:

answer

cocaine

question

In a large survey among college-age men and women, it was found that:

answer

"D" and "F" students averaged 11 alcoholic drinks per week.

question

All of the following are informative and accurate statements about inhalants EXCEPT:

answer

Inhalant use is most commonly observed among college students.

question

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a combination of problems that can occur in a child whose mother drank alcohol while pregnant. Symptoms of FAS include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

excessive fetal growth

question

The drug called Antabuse helps people abstain from drinking alcohol by:

answer

interfering with the body's metabolism of alcohol

question

Legally available narcotic medications, including morphine and codeine, are used primarily as:

answer

analgesics

question

Substance intoxication includes all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

physiological dependence on the drug

question

Children or young adults who experience sexual victimization are:

answer

more likely to experience sexual dysfunction as adults

question

The main feature of sexual arousal disorders is:

answer

lack of physical sexual response despite desire for sex

question

Inappropriate sexual arousal, e.g., fetishism, appears to be learned through:

answer

masturbatory fantasies about the object

question

Differences in male and female attitudes toward sexuality have generally ___________ over the past 40 years.

answer

decreased

question

The largest difference in sexual behavior for men versus women is that:

answer

men are more likely to masturbate

question

Paraphilia is defined as:

answer

an attraction to inappropriate individuals or objects

question

Papaverine and prostaglandin, vasodilating drugs used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, are delivered to the patient:

answer

by injection directly into the penis

question

In Sweden, where attitudes toward sexuality are somewhat more permissive than they are in the United States, the percentage of Swedish women reporting use of contraception during their first sexual intercourse was:

answer

significantly higher than it was for American women

question

An unusually high concern with nocturnal emissions has been reported in ___________ where there is a strong culturally held belief that loss of semen causes depletion of physical and mental energy.

answer

India

question

The sex therapy technique designed specifically to treat premature ejaculation is:

answer

the squeeze technique

question

Psychophysiological assessment of sexual dysfunction is generally conducted by:

answer

using a device that measures physical arousal during exposure to an erotic video or audio tape

question

The percentage of identical (monozygotic) twins in which both twins are homosexual is 50%. This means:

answer

genes are only one influence for sexual orientation

question

Which of the following treatments is NOT currently used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?

answer

anti-anxiety medication

question

The incidence of gender identity disorder is:

answer

very low, with far less than 1% of the population affected

question

The definition of a fetish is sexual:

answer

attraction to nonliving objects

question

Stage two of sensate focus involves "genital pleasuring" but prohibits intercourse or orgasm. The main purpose of this stage is to:

answer

allow sexual experience without the anxiety of performance

question

The classical conditioning model of learning predicts that the following boy might grow up to be a voyeur:

answer

Sid who masturbates while peeping at his neighbor

question

Treatment effectiveness studies of Masters and Johnson's sensate focus therapy have indicated that:

answer

certain aspects of the treatment such as two therapists and daily therapy are not necessary

question

According to the authors of your textbook, the concurrent existence of masochistic and sadistic fetish within the same individual is:

answer

common

question

As a couple completes stage two of sensate focus therapy, they are instructed to:

answer

slowly begin sexual activity, continuing non-demand pleasuring as they progress

question

The following paring is correct based on the ages most affected by the disorders:

answer

young men--premature ejaculation; older men--erectile dysfunction

question

Greg often has problems with premature ejaculation. As he becomes more anxious about his problem, the amount of time between initiating intercourse and ejaculation will most likely:

answer

decrease

question

The most accurate description for the condition called erotophobia is:

answer

negative feelings toward sexuality

question

Of the various hypothesized influences of paraphilia, the ones that we know the least about involve:

answer

biological influences such as genetics and neurotransmitters

question

One reason that it is difficult to provide a precise diagnosis of premature ejaculation is that:

answer

the concept of "too soon" is dependent on the individual and the couple

question

Belief in common sexual myths such as "women normally reach orgasm every time they have intercourse" are more commonly held by men:

answer

who have sexual disorders

question

A woman is sent home from sex therapy with an assignment to purchase a vibrator and practice masturbating. She is likely being treated:

answer

for female orgasmic disorder

question

Two extremely common medical causes of erectile dysfunction are:

answer

vascular disease and diabetes

question

Sensate focus and non-demand pleasuring were designed by Masters and Johnson to treat sexual dysfunctions primarily through:

answer

elimination of psychologically based performance anxiety

question

According to recent surveys (Diokno et al., 1990), the following statement is true regarding sexual activity of the elderly:

answer

50% of males and 36% of women aged 75 - 79 remained sexually active

question

Research has found that low serotonin levels may be implicated in suicidal behavior because they affect all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

inertia

question

Clinical studies have shown that the favorable response rate for patients taking antidepressant medications is:

answer

50%

question

When individuals who are biologically vulnerable to depression place themselves in high risk stressful environments, it is called:

answer

the reciprocal gene-environment model

question

According to recent research (Kessler et al., 2003; Soloman et al., 1997), the median duration of recurrent (subsequent to the first episode) major depressive episodes is:

answer

4 to 5 months

question

Most individuals who experience a single episode of major depressive disorder will:

answer

probably have several episodes throughout their lives

question

A friend of yours tells you that he thinks he is mildly depressed but he's not sure. Knowing that you are studying abnormal psychology, he asks if there is any kind of laboratory test that could determine whether or not someone is depressed. You respond correctly with one of the following statements.

answer

Currently there is no way of diagnosing depression with a laboratory test.

question

Debbie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder, recurrent. She wants to know what to expect in the future regarding her condition. You tell her that according to recent research (Angst 1998, Angst and Preizig, 1996), the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes is:

answer

four

question

According to the textbook, therapeutic approaches towards helping the bereaved would involve all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

realizing that one cannot cope with the emotional pain

question

Jack has experienced recurrent episodes of major depressive episodes. In the intervals between the episodes, he does not seem to return to "normal." In fact, during those periods, he has been diagnosed as dysthymic. Jack's conditions is referred to as:

answer

double depression

question

The presence of medical illnesses or symptoms of dementia can make the diagnosis of depression difficult in:

answer

the elderly

question

One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia, which means:

answer

an inability to experience pleasure

question

In comparing ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) to antidepressant medication, all of the following statements are accurate EXCEPT:

answer

Relief of symptoms occurs more rapidly with ECT

question

In regard to the terms used to differentiate mood disorders, cyclothymic is to dysthymic as:

answer

bipolar is to major depressive

question

Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

low value placed on intimate relationships

question

At various times, Cynthia, a 20 year-old college student, has been considered by her family and/or friends to be moody, high-strung, explosive, or hyperactive. Knowing the criteria for mood disorders you would diagnose Cynthia with:

answer

cyclothymia

question

Martin Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed because they believe that they have no control over the stress in their lives, is called:

answer

the learned helplessness model

question

A depressed young woman enters a psychologist's office for her first appointment. The therapist tells her that they will work together to recognize and correct her "negative thinking errors." The type of therapy that will be used here is called:

answer

cognitive therapy

question

A student who has been doing very well in her psychology class receives a minor critical comment on an essay that she wrote as part of an exam. The student thinks, "This is terrible. I'm probably going to fail the course." This type of cognitive error in thinking is called:

answer

overgeneralization

question

A relative of yours has been diagnosed with bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder. Your family is impressed when you mention that the preferred drug for this condition is:

answer

lithium

question

Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the "permissive" hypothesis which means that:

answer

when serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitter systems become dysregulated and contribute to mood irregularities

question

The melancholic specifiers for depressive disorders include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

sleeping late and hypersomnia

question

In terms of the etiology of mood disorders, research has shown that:

answer

environmental stress plays a larger role in causing depression in men than in women

question

Which of the following presidents of the United States was known to have suffered from depression?

answer

Abraham Lincoln

question

Seligman and his colleagues conducted a course in which university students at risk for depression were taught cognitive and social problem-solving skills. Students in the study were determined to be at risk for depression based on a:

answer

pessimistic cognitive style

question

When used in connection with mood disorders, "flight of ideas" means:

answer

rapid speech expressing many exciting ideas at once

question

According to recent research on the development of depression, dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook) and hopelessness attributes (explaining things negatively) constitute a _____________ vulnerability to depression.

answer

cognitivie

question

Although catatonic symptoms occur in major depressive disorders, they are more frequently associated with:

answer

schizophrenia

question

Regarding Beck's views on depression, which of the following definitions of cognitive errors and negative schema is NOT correct?

answer

Arbitrary inference means that a depressed individual emphasizes the positive rather than the negative aspects of a situation.

question

Which of the following statements applies to the condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?

answer

Individuals may become depressed during the winter and manic during the summer.

question

Symptoms of severe depression are generally NOT considered a psychological disorder when they are associated with:

answer

a grief reaction

question

Criminal behavior by individuals with antisocial personality disorder tends to ______ after the age of 40.

answer

decrease

question

According to your text, the most accurate statement regarding the treatment of histrionic personality disorder is that:

answer

there are no scientific studies demonstrating success

question

Some research with psychopaths suggests that these individuals are:

answer

more likely to keep trying even though failure is certain

question

The concept of the fearlessness hypothesis of antisocial personality disorder is that individuals with this disorder:

answer

under react to the threat of punishment

question

With which of the following personality disorders is the term psychopath closely associated?

answer

antisocial

question

All of the following are common disorders that tend to be comorbid, i.e., to coexist, with borderline personality disorder EXCEPT:

answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

One prevalent outcome for individuals with schizoid personality disorder is:

answer

homelessness

question

Which of the following is the most likely model to explain the cause of borderline personality disorder?

answer

biological predisposition interacting with life events such as childhood trauma and later life stressors

question

According to the definition of personality disorder, only individuals who show ____________ patterns of maladaptive behavior should be diagnosed with a personality disorder.

answer

relatively permanent

question

The personality disorder that shares many similar symptoms with schizophrenia is:

answer

schizotypal

question

Unlike schizophrenia or an eating disorder, personality disorders can be viewed as disorders of:

answer

degree rather than kind

question

An individual presents for treatment and keeps talking about how gangsters are "out to get him." Before diagnosing paranoid personality disorder, we must determine whether:

answer

his fears are justified

question

Both John and Fred meet the diagnostic criteria for paranoid personality disorder. John's friends are aware of his paranoia although he continues to live a meaningful life. Fred's paranoia is so extreme that he finds it hard to function in society. The DSM-IV-TR, Axis II diagnosis for these individuals would be:

answer

exactly the same

question

The presence of low frequency theta waves in the brains of psychopaths led to the development of the:

answer

cortical-immaturity hypothesis

question

Of the following, the most accurate statement regarding the cause of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is that obsessive compulsive personality disorder appears to be:

answer

influenced by genetics and early learning

question

Henry is viewed by many as a workaholic and not very social. He is at his desk every morning at 7:30 and takes few breaks (although these breaks are always at the same time every day). Henry is known to be a perfectionist. The problem is that he does not seem to get much accomplished since he spends so much time making sure that everything is perfect before moving on to the next task. Henry appears to suffer from _______________ personality disorder.

answer

obsessive-compulsive

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the treatment of antisocial personality disorder and related antisocial behaviors?

answer

there has been greater success in reducing antisocial behavior in children than adults

question

Of the following, the most accurate statement with regard to the treatment of avoidant personality disorder is:

answer

behavioral intervention programs for anxiety and social skills have had some success

question

The antisocial behavior of those diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder tends to:

answer

decline significantly around age 40

question

Individuals who are socially isolated, behave in ways that seem unusual, tend to be suspicious and have odd beliefs are generally diagnosed with _____________ personality disorder.

answer

schizotypal

question

As many as 30% to 50% of the individuals with schizotypal personality disorder who request clinical help also meet the criteria for:

answer

major depressive disorder

question

Theo is quite a loner. He walks to class by himself, does not talk to anyone and appears indifferent to other people. It is clear that Theo neither desires nor enjoys closeness with others. He does not act in any obviously unusual ways nor does he appear to possess strange beliefs about the world. Of the following personality disorders, Theo appears to be:

answer

schizoid

question

If you had absolutely no concept or fear of the consequences of your actions (for yourself or others) and were overly motivated by pleasing yourself, you might behave like a person with __________ personality disorder.

answer

antisocial

question

Individuals who have excessive feelings of social inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism and a need for reassurance are likely to develop either ______________ personality disorder or _____________ personality disorder.

answer

avoidant; dependent

question

According to the textbook the most likely cause of schizotypal personality disorder is:

answer

biological

question

Regarding the likelihood of successful treatment outcome for individuals with antisocial personality disorder, most clinicians are:

answer

pessimistic

question

One difference between a psychopath and a person with antisocial personality disorder is that _____________ are used in diagnosing the psychopath but ________ are used to diagnose antisocial personality disorder.

answer

personality traits; observable behaviors

question

All of the following are necessary conditions for the diagnosis of a personality disorder EXCEPT:

answer

patient feelings of distress

question

An adult diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder is most likely to have met the criteria for ___________ as a child.

answer

conduct disorder

question

The personality disorder that is characterized by an insistence that things have to be done "the right way" is ______________ personality disorder.

answer

obsessive-compulsive

question

The most accurate statement with regard to the genetic influences of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is:

answer

there appear to be multiple genetic influences

question

When there are no known genetic or organic influences, the causes of mild mental retardation are generally considered to be:

answer

cultural-familial

question

While the risk of having an autistic child is approximately .0002 to .0005% for the general population, the risk for parents of an autistic child that another child will be autistic is:

answer

3% to 5%

question

Alicia is pregnant and continues to smoke cigarettes throughout her pregnancy. She is __________ more likely to have a child diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Linnet, Dalsgaard, Obel, et al., 2003) than a mother who does not smoke during pregnancy.

answer

3 times

question

The hypothesis that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be influenced by toxins, food additives, or diet:

answer

has no scientific evidence

question

The diagnostic criteria for mental retardation include an assessment of adaptive functioning because an IQ score is:

answer

an insufficient measure of impairment

question

Jake is an autistic 8-year-old boy whose parents have just been informed that their son will be placed in a regular classroom and provided with whatever special support he needs. Jake's parents should:

answer

be pleased since research suggests that regular classroom placement is best for autistic children

question

Johnny is a 2-year-old boy who has no motivation to interact with other people. His absence of interest in people may also lead to severe deficits in his ability to:

answer

communicate

question

Brain scans of individuals with autism suggest that one area of the brain that may be involved with the disorder is the:

answer

cerebellum

question

The reason that mental retardation is recorded on the same DSM-IV axis as personality disorders is because:

answer

this axis relates to relatively chronic conditions

question

Samantha is a 6th grade girl who has great difficulty in school. She pays attention and works hard but appears to have trouble remembering facts and concepts that she has read about. Before we can determine whether Samantha has a learning disability, it is most important to know her:

answer

IQ

question

All of the following side effects EXCEPT ____________ are associated with the medications, Ritalin and Cylert, that are used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

answer

weight gain

question

Four-year-old Susan has just been diagnosed with autism. Research suggests that her chances of ever developing meaningful speech are about:

answer

50%

question

An appropriate treatment goal for an autistic child is:

answer

reduction in tantrums and eventual development of some self-care activities

question

The educational system classification of mental retardation that uses terms such as educable, trainable and severe is not generally used because it:

answer

creates negative expectations

question

What is the convincing evidence that autism involves some form of brain damage?

answer

75% of the individuals with autism have some level of mental retardation

question

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is estimated to occur in about ____ percent of school age children.

answer

6

question

Non-medication treatments for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder usually involve:

answer

behavioral programs and parent training

question

Ron is a 9-year-old boy recently diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. His parents have chosen a combined approach to treatment which will most likely involve:

answer

medication such as Ritalin and behavior therapy

question

The vast majority of cases of mental retardation are due to:

answer

unknown causes

question

Which is the most accurate statement regarding the causes of mental retardation?

answer

It has hundreds of known causes.

question

An appropriate treatment goal for an individual with mild or moderate mental retardation is:

answer

improve abilities to care for self

question

our friends Beth and Tim have recently discovered that their 3- year-old girl is autistic. Beth and Tim are both nutrition fanatics and are convinced that they can cure their daughter's autism with vitamins and diet. You should tell Beth and Tim that vitamins and diet:

answer

do not appear to be an effective treatment for autism

question

The medications such as Ritalin and Cylert that are generally used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have proven to be helpful to ___ % of ADHD patients.

answer

70

question

The ratio of boys to girls for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is approximately:

answer

4 boys for every 1 girl

question

Research regarding early intervention programs such as Head Start indicate that such programs:

answer

may help prevent "at risk" children from developing mental retardation

question

The goal of most modern therapy for autistic children is to:

answer

integrate the autistic child into regular society as much as possible

question

Mental retardation is recorded on DSM-IV Axis ______:

answer

II

question

The restricted pattern of behavior generally observed in autism involves:

answer

an intense preference for keeping things the same

question

According to your text, the reason that countries previously reporting lower rates of ADHD (than those found in the United States) are now finding rates of the disorder closer to the rate reported in the U.S. is:

answer

improvements in diagnosis

Abnormal Psychology Final – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards