Flashcards on Biology Chapter 15
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What has the disadvantage of possibly bringing two recessive alleles together and causing a genetic defect?
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Inbreeding
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To create animals that have the characteristics of both species, some people have bred buffalo and cattle together. This is?
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hybridization
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To produce animals with certain desirable characteristics by selective breeding, humans take advantage of
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the natural variations that exist among individuals
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Which of the methods of breeding could include all others?
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Selective Breeding
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Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make Polyploid plants. These drugs
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Change the number of chromosomes found in cells.
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Polyploid
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More than 2 sets of chromosomes
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During transformation,
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a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
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Which protein creates DNA fragments with sticky ends?
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Restriction Enzymes
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A gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that have been transformed by a plasmid from those that have not is called
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a genetic marker
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What joins 2 pieces of DNA together?
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DNA ligase
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An enzyme being used to cut DNA
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What does this show?
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Polymerase
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Enzyme used to copy DNA
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What describes a polymerase chain sequence?
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DNA is heated to separate the strand, then primers are added. DNA polymerase than builds new strands in the region between the primers.
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The process of making changes in the DNA code of an organism is called
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Genetic engineering
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A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as
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Recombinant DNA
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What is the role of primers in PCR?
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They create a place for DNA polymerase to start its work building new DNA strands.
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What requires the use of recombinant DNA?
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Engineering bacteria that produce human insuline
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Why are plasmids so widely used in recombinant DNA studies?
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Because they can be used to transform bacteria.
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Why is inserting plasmids in yeast more complex than inserting them into bacteria?
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Yeast are eukaryotes.
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A plant cell is successfully transformed if
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the cell integrates foreign DNA into one of its chromosomes.
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What is a pair of transgenic organisms?
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Bacteria that makes human insulin and a Bt corn plant
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What is the difference between a clone such as Dolly and animals produced by sexual reproduction
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The source of Dolly's DNA is a single cell taken from an adult individual
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What do scientists use to make transgenic orgnisms
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genetic engineering
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What is an advantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins?
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Transgenic bacteria can produce human proteins in large amounts.
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To produce transgenic bacteria that make more insulin, which of the steps listed below would a scientist do FIRST?
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Cut out the insulin gene from human DNA.
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What is made with recombinant DNA technology and helps farmers use less insecticide?
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Bt cotton
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The Bt in Bt cotton stands for
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Pest resistant
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What is not a way in which GM animals contribute to an increased food supply?
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Bacteria are engineered to produce human insulin, which is administered to people with diabetes.
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GM crops that produce a higher yield per plant than unmodified crops would
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produce more food for the same acreage
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What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants
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Increasing the food supply
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What is true about silk produced by the goats?
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It is identical to silk produced by spiders because the genetic code is universal
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When inserting a normal hemoglobin gene into a genetically engineered virus into a bone marrow cell you are?
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Treating a genetic disease
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When inserting a normal hemoglobin gene into a genetically engineered virus into a bone marrow cell, this is an example of?
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gene therapy
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What biotechnology technique could you use if you wanted to compare the level of activity in skin cancer cells compared to normal skin cells?
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DNA microarray
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Gene therapy is successful if the
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replacement gene is expressed in the person's cells
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What process can prospective parents use to determine if they carry recessive alleles for disease?
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Genetic testing
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The use of DNA fingerprinting relies on the fact that
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no two people, except identical twins have exactly the same DNA.
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What conclusion can not be made from two DNA fingerprints that show identical patterns of bands
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You can conclude they are from the same person and not two different people
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What describes how DNA fingerprinting of certain genes can be used to establish familial relationships
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Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and the Y chromosome is used to look for links to his father.
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What is true of the genetic information nondiscrimination act?
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It protects Americans against being treated differently by employers or insurance companies based on their genetic information.
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Which of the following is true of patents in biotechnology?
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A scientist who holds a patent can demand high fees that block others from doing certain research?
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One reason farmers often choose GM crops over non-GM crops because GM crops are
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More productive
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What supports critics of non-GM crops
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Bt corn reduces population of bees.
