9th Grade Modern World History Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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To make his art more like nature.
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Why did Leonardo da Vinci dissect human bodies?
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Consider their subjects to be real.
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Renaissance painters wanted to imitate nature so that people who viewed their works would?
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Their economic power
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The Italian states played a crucial role in politics because of...
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Thriving networks drew people to them.
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Why was Italy more urban than the rest of Europe?
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He became the father of humanism.
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As a result of Petrarch's finding and using classical Latin manuscripts...
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Rate of Literacy.
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Using movable type for printing in Europe led to increased...
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Break away from the church.
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Martin Luther's belief in faith alone caused him to...
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The church and state should be separate.
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Anabaptist believed that...
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Reading basic works of Christianity.
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Christian humanists believed that people would become more pious by?
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King Henry the 8th wanted to divorce his wife; politics against religion.
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The English Reformation differed from the Reformation in the rest of Europe because it...
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Predestination.
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Lutherans and Calvinists did not agree on the issue of?
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Keep empire unified against attacks from outside enemies.
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The Holy Roman Empire had to make peace with Lutheran princes in order to?
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Settlement goals clashed with its trading operations.
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Early Dutch settlements in North America did not succeed because...
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Trade for spices.
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When the British opened trading posts in the East, they brought cotton goods from India to the East Indies in order to?
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Thought he was in Asia.
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Christopher Columbus called Honduras and the Caribbean islands the Indies because he?
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It exports more than it imports.
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A country has a favorable balance of trade when...
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Slave trade.
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The more that European countries expanded in the Americas, the more they increased the...
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An imaginary line, lands east along the Portugal, lands west of the line belong to Spain.
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What did the Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, establish?
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The native American population diminished because of diseases.
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Why were enslaved Africans were needed in the Caribbean islands?
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Following moderate protestation..
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Queen Elizabeth worked to keep her people happy by?
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Dispute with political, religious, and territorial motives
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Describe the Thirty Years' War?
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England would have lost its power and not be a Protestant country.
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If the Spanish armada had not been defeated...
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Poor, widowed women in their 50s.
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The witchcraft trials in Europe targeted which demographic?
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Only supreme governor of the state.
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Elizabeth I of England became the only ________________ of the state?
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The desertion of many of King James the second soldiers that led to Government officials asking William of Orange to invade London.
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What led up to the Glorious Revolution?
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Influenced by Confucian doctrines.
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Explain why a rigid social structure evolved in Japan during the Tokugawa Era?
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Stable political entities.
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Why were the mainland states of Southeast Asia able to resist European intrusion?
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Ran an effective government.
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What were some accomplishments of the Ming dynasty?
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Tokugawa Ieyasu.
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Japan was finally restored to a central authority by?
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Japan prohibited Christian activities and restricted trade.
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Japan remained isolated from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century because...
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Chinese males had to shave their foreheads and braid their hair into pigtails.
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To identify rebels who opposed Manchu rule, the government...
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Catholicism.
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Which religion dominated most of Western Europe during the Enlightenment and often clashed with the ideas held by European leaders?
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India.
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The Seven Years' War took place in three main regions of the world: Europe, North America, and_____________?
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The telescope and microscope.
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What made it possible for scientists to practice direct observation?
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Serfs.
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Frederick II of Prussia promoted greater freedom of speech, the press, and religion; however, he did not improve life for?
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The British gained land that would eventually become America. Colonist were forced to pay for the war which led to the American revolution.
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How did the end of the Seven Years' War affect the future United States of America?
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Separation of powers.
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Which idea of Baron Montesquieu has been incorporated into the U.S. Constitution?
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Inflation and widespread unemployment.
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The economic crisis that triggered the French Revolution was caused in part by?
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Invade Russia.
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Napoleon's downfall began in 1812, when he decided to...
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Early military success.
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Napoleon's leadership abilities were foreshadowed in his...
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Restore Monarchs to their positions of power.
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After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, European rulers moved to...
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They were afraid the revolution would spread to their country.
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When Louis XVI was deposed, European leaders threatened to use force to restore the monarchy because...
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It encouraged superstition rather than the use of reason.
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Under Robespierre, the Convention pursued a policy of de-Christianization because its members believed that...
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Counter revolutionaries and traders.
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The Reign of Terror set up revolutionary courts to prosecute...
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People work regular hours and did the same work over and over.
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The factory created a new labor system in which...
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Austrian officials made some concessions and used military forces in that of the Russian army.
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Why did revolutions in the major cities of the Austrian Empire fail in 1848 and 1849?
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He refused to become emperor.
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What happened as a result of the Frankfurt Assembly's offer of the crown to the Prussian ruler?
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Call what is needed to produce iron and run steam engines.
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Why did coal production expand greatly during the Industrial Revolution?
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Railroads.
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Industrialization spread rapidly in both Europe and the United States thanks to?
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Assembly line.
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Which invention led to the efficient mass production of goods?
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Associations of socialist groups.
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The Second International was...
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Enhancing German power.
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Kaiser William II was dedicated to...
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Organizing to pass laws and make reforms.
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Many workers reacted to poor working conditions by?
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Factories and public sanitation.
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What caused both migration to the cities and higher survival rates of city dwellers?
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Worked outside the home.
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During the late nineteenth century, what did working-class women in Europe do to begin to change their status?
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To create better educated voters.
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What was the main motive for universal education?
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Took an active interest in Egypt.
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After the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, Britain...
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Britain.
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During the Napoleonic Wars, the country that seized Cape Town and the surrounding lands from the Dutch was?
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Finding a navigable river that would open Central Africa to European Commerce.
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A major goal of Dr. David Livingstone's was to...
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Urbanization.
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As in Europe and the United States, Latin American industrialization led to?
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Nationalism, democracy, and the people's right to pursue their own livelihood.
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Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles promoted...
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They were displayed in cages as criminals.
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Before the Treaty of Kanagawa, how were foreign sailors treated when they were shipwrecked in Japan?
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The younger brother of Jesus.
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Hong Xiuquan, leader of the Tai Ping Rebellion, believed he was...
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With a military takeover.
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Sun Yat-sen believed that all citizens should be equal, but he did not think the Chinese would be ready to make a sudden change from the old ways to democracy. How did he plan to begin his revolution?
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Offering the same trade concessions to other countries as well.
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After the Opium War, China tried to resist giving too much control to Britain by...
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The Provincial warlords of China negotiated directly with the foreign nations.
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How did foreign countries establish spheres of influence in China?
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The US wanted the same trading rights as other countries.
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The United States proposed the Open Door policy because...
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Trench warfare.
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The Western Front turned into a stalemate with the introduction of?
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Armies on the Eastern front were mobile, while western countries were not.
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Describe a key difference between the Western and Eastern Fronts?
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German defeat that assured the allies ultimate victory.
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On July 18, 1918, the Second Battle of the Marne resulted in?
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Civil War in the establishment of a communist government.
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Czar Nicholas's abdication led to what?
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Women gained jobs during the war but lost them at the war's end
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How were women affected by the war and its outcome?
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Economies and resources with their own countries.
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In total war, governments were able to control?
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Held Germany and Austria responsible for the war and required reparations.
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Germany was especially opposed to Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles because it...
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Stripped Jews of their civil rights and German citizenship and forbid mixed marriages.
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What did the Nuremberg laws do?
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Expanded Vatican City and recognized Catholicism as the state religion.
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How did Benito Mussolini gain the support of the Catholic Church?
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An economic depression.
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A period of low economic activity and rising unemployment is called?
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An industrial society.
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Stalin's Five-Year Plans were intended to transform the Soviet Union into...
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Germany used the loans to pay reparations to Britain and France.
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Why were U.S. bank loans to Germany vital to the European economy after World War I?
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A destructive rampage against German Jews led by the Nazis.
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What was the Kristallnacht, which happened on November 9, 1938?
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Implementing public work projects and re-armament program.
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Hitler ended Germany's depression, economic woes, and unemployment by?
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Taking control of Siberia.
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Japan seized Manchuria and North Korea to reach its goal of?
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Germany had to surrender unconditionally to the allies.
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What conditions were stipulated for Germany's surrender?
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Economically devastated.
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As a result of World War II, most of Europe was...
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The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
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The United States entered the war as a direct result of...
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Japanese and German ambitions for expansion.
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The way to World War II was paved by?
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Help Asian countries become more prosperous.
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Japan claimed that its New Order in Asia would?
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Fear that the Soviet union would support Great Britain.
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Why did Germany attack the Soviet Union, its former ally?
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Unity of purpose among the allies.
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What was a key reason that the Allies were able to stop the German and the Japanese forces?
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The United States atomic bomb's in Japan.
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What event ended the war in the Pacific?
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Became fierce rivals.
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After World War II, the United States and Soviet Union...
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Floods and droughts.
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The Great Leap Forward was an economic disaster in part because of...
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Was divided.
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As a direct result of World War II, Germany _________.
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Not invade Cuba and remove missiles from Turkey.
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During the Cuban missile crisis, Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba if the United States would...
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Stop the north from controlling the south.
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The United States sent troops to Vietnam to...
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Widespread protest and political reforms.
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During the Cold War, Soviet exploitation of satellite states caused...
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The Vietnam War.
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In the 1960s, most protests by American university students were sparked by?
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The government's role in the economy.
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What was the key factor in Japan's postwar economic success?
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Yugoslavia.
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Which of these Eastern European countries successfully avoided Soviet control?
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Increased agricultural output and increased military spending
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Which of Khrushchev's policies hurt Soviet economy during his leadership?
