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Q: the debate between the supporters and critics of the Articles of confederation centered on how to

reconcile states\' rights with strong national government

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As written documents, the state constitutions were intended to

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represent a fundamental law superior to ordinary legislation

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The consitutional convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery through the

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three-fifths compromise

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the major issue that delayed ratification of the Articles of Confederation concerned

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Western lands

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the struggle for divorce between religion and government proved fiercest in

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Virginia

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The one branch of the government elected directly by the people is the

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House of Representatives

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The Articles of Confederation were finally approved when

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all states claiming western lands surrendered them to the national government.

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Under the Constitution, the president of the U.S. was to be elected by a majority vote of the

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Electoral College

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A major strength of the Articles of Confederation was its

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presentation of the ideal of a united nation

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the debate between the supporters and critics of the Articles of confederation centered on how to

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reconcile states' rights with strong national government

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the new Constitution established the idea that the only legitimate government was one based on

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the consent of the governed

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One of the most farsighted provisions of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787

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prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest.

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After the Revolutionary War, both Britain and Spain

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prevented America from exercising effective control over about half of its total territory

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the economic status of the average American at the end of the Revolutionary War was

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probably worse than before the war

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The issue that finally touched off the movement toward the Constitutional Convention was

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control of commerce

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The delegate whose contributions to the Philadelphia Convention were so notable that he has been called the "Father of the Constitution" was

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James Madison

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the Constitutional Convention was called to

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revise the Articles of Confederation.

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by their actions, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention manifested their common beliefs in all of the following except

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manhood-suffrage democracy.

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Which of the following Revolutionary leaders was NOT present at the Constitutional convention?

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Thomas Jefferson

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the Second Continental Congress of Revolutionary days

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was little more than a conference of ambassadors with very limited power.

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Most of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention could be best be labeled

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nationalists

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As a result of the Revolution's emphasis on equality, al of the following were achieved except

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full equality between women and men.

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shays's Rebellion convinced many Americans of the need for

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a stronger central government.

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The most important outcome of the Revolution for white women was that they

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were elevated as special keepers of the nation's conscience.

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One of the enduring paradoxes of American history is that

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both liberals and conservatives have championed the heritage of democratic revolution.

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Early signs of the abolitionist movement can be seen in the

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emancipation of some slaves.

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continental army officers attempting to form the society of the Cincinati

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were ridiculed for their lordly presentions

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Match each nation of the left with the correct description of the problem it presented for

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Britain = occupied a chain of trading forts in the Old Northwest ; France = demanded repayment of wartime loans ; Spain = controlled important trade routes from the interior of North America ; Barbary Coast = threatened American commerce in the Mediterranean

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the "large-state plan" put forward in the Constitutional convention

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based representation in the House and Senate on population.

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The Articles of Confederation left congress unable to

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enforce a tax-collection program

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Antifederalists believe that the sovereignt of the people resided in which branch of the central government

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Legislative

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One reason that the U.S. avoided the frightful excesses of the French Revolution is that

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cheap land was easily available.

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the world's first antislavery society was founded by

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quakers in Philadelhia

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the northwest Ordinance of 1787

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established a procedure for governing the Old Northwest territory.

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The Great Compromise at the consitutional convention worked out an acceptable scheme for

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apportioning congressional representation.

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the American Revolution was

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an example of accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution

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As a result of the Revolution, many state capitals were relocated westward

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to get them away from the haughty eastern seaports.

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the delegates at the Constitutional convention were concerned mainly with

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protecting America from its weaknesses abroad and its excesses at home

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Under the Articles of Confederation, the relationship between the thirteen states

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was god politically but poor economically

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Immediately after the Revolution, the new American nation's greatest strength lay in its

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excellent political leadership

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Shays's Rebellion was provoked by

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foreclosures on the mortgages of backcountry farmers.

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Motives of the delegates to the 1787 constitutional Convention in Philadelphia include all of the following except

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to increase individual freedom

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the delegates at the Constitutional Convention stipulated that the new Constitution be radified by

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state conventions

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The idea that all tax measures should start in the House was made to appease

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the big states with the most people

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by the time the Constitution was adopted in 1789

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prosperity was beginning to return

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the ultimate guarantor of liberty and justice was

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the virtue of the people.

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Alexander hamilton's proposed bank of the US. Was

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based on the "necessary and proper"l or "elastic", clause in the Constitution

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One of the major criticisms of the Constitution as drafted in Philadelphia was that it

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did not provide guarantees for individual rights.

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President Adams sought a peaceful solution top to the undeclared war with France in order

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to prevent the outbreak of a full scale war

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Britain made neutrality very difficult for the U.S. during the French and British conflicts for the 1790s by

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seizing American merchant ships in the West Indies.

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Thomas Jefferson appealed to all of the following groups except

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the upper class.

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When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, George Washington and the American government

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remained neutral

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The aspect of Hamilton's financial program that received the least support in Congress was

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a protective tariff

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Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

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was based on calculations of American self-interest.

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For its continued success, Hamilton's financial program relied heavily on

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trade with Britain

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Alexander Hamilton's financial plan for strengthening the economy and bolstering national credit proposed all of the following except

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abolishing tariffs

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Thomas Jefferson favored a political system in which

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the states retained the majority of political power.

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As Secretary of The Treasury, Alexander Hamilton's first objective was to

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bolster the national credit

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the Sedition Act

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threatened First Amendment freedoms

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the franco-American alliance of 1778

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bound the U.S. to help the French defend their West Indies.

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Washington's Neutrality Proclamation clearly illustrated the truism that

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self interest is the basic cement of alliances.

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Hamilton believed that together his funding and assumption programs would

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gain the monetary and political support of the rich for the federal government

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One of George Washington's major contributions as president was

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keeping the nation out of foreign wars.

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the new constitution did not provide for the creation of a(n)

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cabinet

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the main purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to

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silence and punish critics of the Federalists

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Foreign relations between the U.S. and France deteriorated in the late 1790s over

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French seizure of American merchant ships.

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According to the compact theory advocated by Jefferson and Madison

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the national government was the creation of the thirteen sovereign states

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All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights except

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the right to vote for all citizens.

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the 1796 presidential campaign focused heavily on

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the candidates' personalities.

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the U.S finally negotiated a peace settlement with France in 1800 mainly because Napoleon

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wanted to concentrate on gaining more power in Europe

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the political party of the "outs" that provided the "loyal opposition" to the party in power in the 1790s was

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the Democratic - Republicans.

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In Jay's Treaty, the British

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promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest.

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during its first quarter-century as a nation, one of the major problems facing America was

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the rivalry and warfare between France and Britain.

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Which of the following pairs of items are not directly related to each other

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State's rights: loose construction

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Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and james Madison to the financial plan of Alexander Hamilton resulted in

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the formation of permanent political parties

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all of the following were part of Alexander hamilton's economic program except

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paying only domestic debts but not foreign debts.

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the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in response to

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the Alien and Sedition Acts.

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Washington's Farewell Address in 1796

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warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances

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federalist strongly supported

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law and order.

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the immediate cause of the undeclared war between the United States and France was

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the XYZ affairs

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One of the first jobs facing the new government formed under the Constitution was to

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draw up and pass a bill of rights.

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At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored

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quick military action to show the folly of secession

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Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at bull Run would

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lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond.

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Arrange the following in chronological order: (a) Battle of bull run (b) Battle of Gettysburg (c) lee's surrender at Appomattox (d) Battle of Antietam

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A, D, B, C

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The South's victory at Bull run in 18

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reduced enlistments in the South's army

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In the Civil War, the South won the battle of

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Bull Run

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The Union's defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because

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the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war

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George B. McClellan is best described as

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cautious

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After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan made the mistake of

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consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.

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as a result of the Union loss in the Peninsula campaign

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Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation.

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After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included al of the following except

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by passing the confederate capital at Richmond.

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As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign

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the Union turned to a strategy of total war.

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the final Union war strategy included all the following components except

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guerrilla warfare

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Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy because

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Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war.

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the most alarming Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from

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the ironclad Merrimack (the Virginia)

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The Confederate blockade runner, the Merrimack, was

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destroyed by Confederate soldiers.

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After halting Lee's troops at Antietam, General George McClellan

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was removed from his field command.

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One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was

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the Union's discovery of Robert E. Lee battle plans

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The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were

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Gettysburg and Antietam

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the Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it

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probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the confederacy

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the North's "victory" at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to

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issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

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Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the

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thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution

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The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of

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strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.

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When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in

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states still in rebellion against the United States

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all of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation except

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the disappearance of European working class support for the Union

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During the civil war

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blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued

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African American who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War

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served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties

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the Confederacy enlisted slaves into their army

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a month before the war ended.

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Robert E. Lee decided to invade the north through Pennsylvania in order to

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deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement.

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the Battle of Gettysburg was significant because

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Union victory meant that the southern cause was doomed.

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the Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because

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it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade; it coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the confederacy was irretrievably lost; It helped to quell Northern Peace agitation; It cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana.

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One consequence of General William T. Sherman's style of warfare was

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a shorter war that saved lives.

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The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the

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Northern Peace Democrats.

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clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was dirisively labled a

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copperhead

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In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the __________ party

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union.

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in the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln's running mate was

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Andrew Johnson

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In the 1864 eleciton, the Democratic party nominated ____________ to oppose Lincoln's reelection

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George McClellan

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The Union army's victory in the capture of ________ was probably critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864

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Atlanta.

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General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the civil War involved

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assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly.

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during the Civil War, Grant lost one man to every ______, and Lee lost one man to every

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10, 5

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the assassination of Abraham Lincoln

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was a calamity for the South.

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The supreme test of American democracy in the nineteenth century was

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the Civil War

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the Civil War resulted in which of the following

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expanded federal powers of taxation + the end of nullification and secession + the creation of the first federal social welfare agency + the end of slavery

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123. which one of the following is least related to the other three: scalawags OR KKK Or carpetbaggers OR freedmen OR Union League

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KKK

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the greatest achievements of the Freemen's Bureau were in

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education

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Radical Reconstruction state governments

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passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms.

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the fourteenth Amendment guaranteed

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citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves

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the controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the confederate states to the Union demonstrated

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the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress.

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Political corruption during Reconstruction was

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common in both North and South

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In the 1866 congressional elections

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voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction.

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the main purpose of the black Codes was to

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ensure a stable and subservient labor supply

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the root cause of the battle between congress and President Andrew Johnson was

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Johnson's personal vulgarity and crude style of campaigning.

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Reconstruction might have been more successful if

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the U.s. army had more quickly suppressed the KKK

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in 1865, Southern

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blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.

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in the postwar south

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the economy was utterly devastated.

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the fate of the defeated Confederate leaders was that

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after brief jail terms all were pardoned in 1868

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Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when

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blacks showed they could defend their rights without federal intervention

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for congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the southern states's quick restoration to the Union was that

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with the black population fully counted, the South would be stronger than ever in national politics.

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In 1867, Secretary of State Seward achieved the Johnson administration's greatest success in foreign relations when he

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purchased Alaska from Russia

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That the southern states were conquered provinces" that had completely left the Union and were therefore at the mercy of Congress for readmission was the view of

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congressional Republicans

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the official charge that the House of Representatives used to impeach President Johnson was his

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dismissal of Secretary of War stanton contrary to the Tenure of Office Act.

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blacks in the South relied on the Union League to

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educate them on their civic duties.

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All of the following were reasons the Senate voted to acquit President Andrew Johnson except

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Johnson promised to step down as President.

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In president Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's bureau was

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acceptable only because it also helped poor whites

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As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as

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a champion of the poor whites.

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The incident that caused the clash between congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was

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the south's regaining control of the Senate.

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the white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as

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a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset the white racial dominance

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The Fourteenth Amendment

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prohibited ex-confederate leaders from holding public office.

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President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction

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aimed at swift restoration of the Southern states after a few basic conditions were met.

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Even though the Force Acts and the Union Army helped suppress the KKK, the secret organization largely achieved its central goal of

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intimidating blacks and undermining them politically

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the black Codes provided for all of the following except

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voting by blacks

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many feminist leaders were especially disappointed with the fourteenth Amendment because it

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guaranteed male but not female property rights.

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Which of the following was not one of the Reconstruction era constitutional amendments

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Twelfth

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In his 10% plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised

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rapid readmission of Southern states into the union.

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during Reconstruction, African American women assumed new political roles which included all of the following except

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voting

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Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the civil War

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came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered confederacy

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to many Northerners, the black Codes seemed to indicate that

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the transition to black freedom would be difficult.

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the first and only ex-confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866 and thus be immediately readmitted to the Union under congressional Reconstruction was

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Virginia

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At the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners

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still believed that their view of secession was correct

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A primary motive for the formation of the Ku Klux Klan was

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white resentment of the ability and success of black legislators.

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for blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except

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that large numbers would move north

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