7th Grade Science Study Guide Final Exam – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What is the basic unit of life?
answer
CELLS are the basic unit of life
question
What are the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells?
answer
Prokaryotic Cells do NOT have membrance ound internbal structures, that means no nucleus. Eukaryotic Cels DO have membrane bound internal structue. that means they do have a nucleus.
question
Draw, label and describthese parts of the Animal Cell: Cell Membrane, Vacuole, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic, Reticulum, Ribosome, Golgi Complex, Nucleus
answer
Cell Membrane: controls what goes in and out of the cell. Vacuole:Storage. Mitochondria: Power house, makes energy (ATP) during cellular respiration,:" Endoplasmic Reticulum: Transports materials, Nucleus: Control Center or brain which are a group of cells working together to perform a similar function.
question
What are the levles of organization of living things?
answer
Cells are the smallest unit in living organisims. They combine to form tissues which are a group of cells working together to perform a similar function. Organs are a group of specialized tissues that work together to perform a function in the body (liver/cleans) Orga SYSTEMS is a GROUP of organs working together to perfrom a function in the body (resp. system, cardiovascular system etc.), 1. Cells form tissues, 2.tissues form organs and 3. organs from organ systems.
question
What are differences within plant and animal cells?
answer
Plant cells have chloroplasts and undergo PHOTOSYNTHESIS, have a cell wall, larger vacuole, and are square shaped. Animal cells are circular and have vesicles instead of vacuoles.
question
Whate is the dffrence between osmosis and diffision? Describe the movement of molecules in your answer.
answer
Diffusion is the movement of solute from high cocentratio to an area of low concentration . Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane.
question
Be able to identify pictures of mitosis.
answer
Diagrams of mitosis' . . . . .
question
Briefly describe what hapens in each part of the cell cycle.
answer
A. Interphase: DNA copies itself, cell grow, make organelles, daily activities B. Mitosis: The nucleus divides, C. Cytyokinesis: The cell / Cytoplasm splits to form two separate cells.
question
Compare Mitosis and melosis and describe similarities and differences
answer
Mitosis: 2 identical DIPLOID CELLS with 46 chromosomes in each: Meiosis: 4 Haplooid cells with 23 chromosomes in each
question
How many chromosomes are in a human cell BEFORE division occurs?
answer
46
question
Why is Gregor Mendel important?
answer
Gregor Mendel is the Father of Genetics. He discovered the "jumped gene" an was credited for his work with pea plants to understand genetics.
question
Why is a Punnett square used?
answer
A Punnett Square is used to show all of the possible Combinations of a Genetic Cross and the Probability of inheriting them.
question
Defien the following genetic terms: Dominant, Recessive, Homozygous, Heterozygous, Purebred, Hybrid, Genotype, Phenotype, Gene, Allele, Carrier
answer
Dominant: Stronger Gene, always expressed, Recissive: weaker gene, only expressed in pairs, Homozygous, two of the same gene, Heterozygous: different genes, Purebred: Same ene, Hyrid: different genes, Genotype: what the genes are (letters), Phenotype: Ho genes are expressed (words), Gene: part of DNA that codes for a trait, Allele: different forms of the same trait, Carrier: Someone who does not have a trait, bt can pass it on (they have the recessive allele)
question
Complete the following Punnett square for hair color: Bbx bb -Brown b-blonde What are the possible genotypes? What re the Phenotypes?
answer
Geotypes- 50% Bb, 50% bb Phenotypes- 50% brown and 50% blonde
question
What is the purpose of a pedigree?
answer
A pedigree traces a gentic trait through the generations.
question
Draw the following pedigree: Kelli is a normal female. She marries Henry who is a carrier for PKU (a genetic disorder). They hae 3 children, Mandy, Gabe and Susan. Mandy and Gabe do not have the diorder and they are not carriers. Susan iis a carrier. Later, Susan marries a yung man named Tom. Tom is also a carrier of PKU. They have two children. First a son, Jared, then two years later, Elise is born Elise inherits the disorder, but Jared does not.
answer
Draw Pedigree: . . . . .
question
List, in order the steps of the Scientific Method.
answer
1. Purpose/Question 2. Research 3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion
question
What is the difference between a Control, Independent Variable, and Dependent Variable?
answer
Control: The part of the experiment in which the independent variable is not applied (shows you what would normally happen). Independent Variable: The part of the exp. in which you chane in the beginning. Dependent Variable, The part of the experiment in which your measure. It changes as a result of the independent.
question
What is a constant?
answer
Constant: The parts of the experiment that stay the same for each trial. You can only test ONE VARIABLE at a time, so everthing else must stay constant.
question
How do you correctly write a hypothesis?
answer
If, then a statement
question
Indentify what the following piece of equipment measure, and what unit is used to measure each:
answer
a. Triple Beam Balance: mass, in grams b. Graduated Cylinder: Volume in milliliters c. Thermometer: Temperature in Celsius d. Beaker: Nothing, it is used for storing and mixing (ml). e. Meter Stick: Distance/Length in meters
question
Be sure to study the microscope diagram
answer
See diagram.. ... . .. . ... ..
question
What is the function of the Digestiive System? Muscular System? Skeletel System? Reprodutive system? Respiratory System? Cirulatory System? Urinary System? Nervous System?
answer
Digestive: Break down doood in to nutrientsfor the body., Muscular: For Movement, Skeletal: Supports and for MOvement, Reproductive: Produces the Gametes necessary to create offspring. Respiratory: Supply the body withoxygen and remove carbondioxide. Circulatory/Cardiovascular: Circltes lood throughout the body to transport nutrients/oxygen a remove wastes. Urinary: Filters the blood to produce rine. Nervous: allows your body to sense and respond to stimuli.
question
List the 3 Parts of the Brain
answer
Cerebrum: Cotrols voluntary muscle mvement, movement, thining, memory & senses occur here: Cerebellum: Coordinates muscle movemnt and helps you maintain balanc, repsonsiblefor walking, writin and talking, Medulla: contros involuntary musclemovement such as breathing, heartbeat, andmuscles for digestion
question
Whatis the purpose of the Sensory Nerves? MOtor Nerves?
answer
Sensory: Carries messages from the brain to the muscle gland to perform a specific resonse: Interneuron: Conects Sensory an Motor Neurons.
question
How many chambers make u the human heart What are they?
answer
4: Chambers in the human heart an they are 2 Atria on top and 2 Ventricles on bottom
question
What are the Arteries?
answer
`Artery: carries oxgeneated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
question
What are the Veins?
answer
Veins: Carries Deoxygenated blood to the heart.
question
What is the Aorta?
answer
Aorta is the Mai Artery leaving the heart
question
What organs make up the Respiratory System
answer
Trachea, lungs (Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli)
question
Where does most of the actual digestion occur?
answer
Small Intestines is where most of actual digestion occurs.
question
What are villi?
answer
Villi line the small intestine to increase the surface area. Villa allows more nutrients to be absorbed.
question
What is the function of the large intestine?
answer
The function of the Large intestine is to reabsorb water.
question
Distinguish beween chemcal and mehanical digestion.
answer
Chemical Digestion : Enzymes change the food ito a different form (Example: Amylase breaks dow starch into sugar in the mouth.) Mechanical Digestion: The food is broken into smaller pieces (like by the teeth or tongue)
question
Which part of the blood carries oxygen to the cells?
answer
Red blood cells carry oxygen to the cells. It is also called hemoglobin.
question
What are the small vessels where the exchange of materials occur?
answer
Capillaries are the small vessels where the exchange of materials occur.
question
Where does the actual exchange of Gases occur in the lungs?
answer
The actual exchange of the Gases in the lungs occurs in the Alveoli.
question
What are the male and female gametes?
answer
Male Sperm produced inthe testes. Female Eggs produced in the ovary.
question
What are Fossils?
answer
Fossils are the physical evidence or remains of a organism preserved by geological proceses.
question
What is Adaptation
answer
Adaptatio is a characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
question
What is the definition of Species?
answer
Species is a roup of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring. Examples: Birds, Mammals, Fish
question
What is Natural Selection?
answer
Natural Selection is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than lss well adapted idividuals do.
question
How might limate canges, changin landforms and species interactions cause Adaptations?
answer
Changes in the environment and the most fit organisms survive. This will lead to thos characteristics beig passed on to the offspring.
question
What is Genetic Recombination?
answer
Genetic Recombination is when the genes are shuffled during Meiosis.
question
What is Genetic Mutation?
answer
Genetic Mutation is a change in DNA.
question
What is meant by Speciatio? What is meant by Selective Breedng?
answer
Speciation is the formation of a new species as a result of evolution.Selective Breeding is the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired characteristics.
question
What is Taxonomy?
answer
Taxonomy is the study of classifying organisms into groups based on structure and function.
question
How did Linnaeus classify living things?
answer
Linnaeus is the fatr of Modern Taxonomy. He classified based the structure and function. Aristotle classified things as plant or anmal (did they walk, swim or fly?, etc.)
question
How are ScientificNames Written? Give an Example.
answer
Binomial nomencature: Genus species
question
List the 7 levels of Classification in order. Remember: King Phil CameOver For Grape Soda.
answer
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
question
What is the purpose of the Dichotomous Key?
answer
The Dichotomous Key is used to indentify a specific organism by answering a series of questions.
question
List the 6 Kindoms, on important fact abot each and 2 examples.
answer
Eubateria: prokaryotic, unicellular, cell wall, foundeverywhere, causes strep and stap, Archeabacteria: prokaryotic, unicellular, cell wall, asexual reproduction, hetertrohic or autotroph, ive in extreme environments, Protista: Protozoan, eukaryotic, icellular, NO cel wall, hetertrophi, Fungus-Algae,Eukaryotic Unicellular & mticelluar, Fungus like slime molds Fungi Eukaryotic, multicellular, cell walls of chitin, decomposers. Plants: Eukaryotic, Multicellular, cell wall, autotrophic, no movement Animals: Eukaryotic, multicellular, NO cell wall, heterotrophic, move
question
What is the plant like protist
answer
Algae is the plant like protist.
question
What is the animal like protist?
answer
Protozoa is the animal like protist.
question
What are the three shapes of bacteria?
answer
Cocci/Circle/Sphere Bacilli/Rod Spirilli/Spiral
question
What are the two main divisions of animals?
answer
Vertebrates, they have backbones Invertebrates, they do not have backbones
question
Whate is believed to be the first life form?
answer
Archabacteria
question
Whate is the difference between cilia and flagella?
answer
Cilia/Short hair like Flagella/Long whip like
question
What are the two parts of a virus?
answer
Capsid has protein coat and Nucleic Acid (RNA or DNA)
question
Why is a virus not considered living?
answer
A virus is not made up of cells and it needs a host to reproduce.
question
Define examples of producers, consumers and decomposers.
answer
Producers: Make their own food, plnats Consumers: consume things for food, animals Decomposers: Break down dead material for food, mushrooms.
question
What is the definition of Heterotroph and autotroph?
answer
Heterotroph is an organism that cannot make its own food it gets it from eating something else. Autotroph is an organism that can make its own food.
question
Compare the following: a. Commensalism v Parasistism v Mutualism b. Biotic v Abiotic c. Food Web v Food Chain d. Competition v Predator/Prey
answer
a. Commensalism v. Parasitism v. Mutualism: Commensalism is when one organism benefits and the other is not harmed, parasitism is when one organism benefits and the other is harmed, mutualism is when both organisms benefit. b. Biotic v Abiotic: Biotic is living things in the environment and abiotic is non living or never living things in the environment. c. Food Web v. Food Chain, food web is a diagram that contains many food chains, food chain is a pathway that shows the feeding relationships between organisms. d. Competition v Predator/Prey: Competition is when organisms are competing for the same food source, Predatro/Prey is one Organism is killing another organism for food.
question
Draw and Label an Ecological Pyramid
answer
... . . . . . ..
question
Draw and Label the parts of a flower
answer
... . . . .. . .. .
question
What is the purpose of the leaf on a plant?
answer
Leaf: The leaf makes food for the plant.
question
What is the main functin of the roots?
answer
The Roots anchor/hold down the flower in the ground. The roots also absorb or suck up the water and minerals to give the Flower nourishment.
question
What is the site of Photosynthesis? What is the Site of Cellular Respiration?
answer
Photosynthesis: Chloroplast Cellular Respiration: Mitochondria
question
What are the reactants and products in the photosynthesis andcellular respiration equation?
answer
Phtosynthesis Reactants: CO2, water (and sunlight) Products: Oxygen and Glucose Cell. Resp. Reactants: Oxygen an Glucose, Products: CO2 an water (ATP) Equations are opposites: The reactants of one are the products of he other
question
What is ATP?
answer
ATP is Stored Energy
question
What amount of Nitrogen is in the atmosphere?
answer
There is 78% Nitrogen i the atmosphere.
question
How is atmospheric nitrogen converted to a useable form for plants?
answer
Nitrogen Fixation (lightning and bacteria on legumes)
question
What is the role of producers in the carbon and oxygen cycles?
answer
Producers take in carbon dioxide and use it to produce glucose, they release oxgygen.
question
What is the rold of consumers in the carbon and Oxygen cycles?
answer
Consumers Take In Oxygen to break down glucose, they release carbon dioxide.
question
What are fossil fuels? What is their role in the carbon and oxygen cycles?
answer
Formed from remians of organisms (coal, oil, natural gas). As they are burned during Compustion, they use oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
question
Write the Equations fro Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. How do they relate to one another?
answer
See Answer 69: Phtosynthesis Reactants: CO2, water (and sunlight) Products: Oxygen and Glucose Cell. Resp. Reactants: Oxygen an Glucose, Products: CO2 an water (ATP) Equations are opposites: The reactants of one are the products of the other
question
What is the purpose of Cellular Respiration? Photosynthesis?
answer
The purpose of Cellular Respiration is to break down glucose to produce ATP. The purpose of Photosynthesis is to produce glucose/food for the plant.
question
In which Organelle does Cellular Respiration occur? Photosynthesis?
answer
Photosynthesis: Chloroplast Cellular Respiration: Mitochondria
question
Be sure to check the Prefix/Suffix Sheet
answer
Study Prefix/Suffix sheet
question
Who are Watson and Crick?
answer
Watson and Crick were the scientists who were given credit for discovering the shape of DNA, Double Helix.
question
Comapre and Contrast DNA and RNA.
answer
DNA: 2 strans (double helix), the bases are A, T, C, G, made up of deoxyribose sugar. RNA: 1 strand, bases are A, U, C, G and made up of Ribose sugar.
question
Draw a picture of DNA
answer
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) . . . . . . . . . . .
question
Put the following in order from smallest to largest: Cell, DNA, Chromosome, gene
answer
Gene DNA Chromosome
question
What is a gamete?
answer
sex cell
