7th grade civics exam study guide – Flashcards
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a person who owns,operates and assumes the risk for a business venture is called an_______________.
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entrepreneur
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a ________ committee has members from both chambers of congress;they work together to compromise on a final bill that would be approved by both chambers.
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joint
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__________ powers are powers left to the state, through the 10th amendment. examples include regulating intrastate commerce,establish local governments,administer elections, and protect public welfare.
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reserved
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the more __________ a person has, the more income potential he/she has. a collage graduate will earn a million dollars on average more than a high school graduate in a life time.
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education
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____________ _____________ determines what products will be produced.
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consumer sovereignty
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the ___________ of a state is the head of the executive branch.
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governor
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violating _________ is illegal for juvenile but not an adult.
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curfew
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___________ __ ____________ is the breaking down of a job into separate,smaller tasks to be preformed individually.
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division of labor
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________ __________ is the driving forces that encourages individuals and organization to improve their material well being.it's why people start businesses.
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profit motive
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article VI states that the laws __________ makes shall be "supreme law of the land".
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congress
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________________ is the economic behavior and decision making by government or whole industries or societies.
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macroeconomics
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___________ commerce is commerce within a state and is regulated by the state.
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intrastate
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candidates who are not affiliated with the two major parties get on the general election ballot in most states by ___________.
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petition
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three fundamental economics questions are: what to produce,how,and ______ ______?
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for whom
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__________ is the amount of goods and services that producers are able and willing to sell at various prices during a specified time period.
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supply
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_________ resources includes the knowledge and skills of a person.
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human
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_____ ______________ is the economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to complete for profit with minimum of government interference.
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free enterprise
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in order for a bill to become a law in a state or federal governor, either the governor approves the bill by _______________ it or the legislature/congress can override a veto.
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signing
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federalists believed the best way to protect individual rights was to have a strong ____________ (or federal) government; antifederalists argued for stronger state rights since states are closer to the people.
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central
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ideas for a bill can come from ___________.
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anyone
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a _____________ veto occurs when the president doesn't sign the bill for ten days and congress has left. if congress is still in session, then the bill becomes law.
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pocket
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either the state's senate ___________ or the lieutenant governor presides over the senate in the state legislature.
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president
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__________ law was the English legal system brought to north america by colonists.
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common
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___________ is not having enough resources to produce all of the things would like to have. it forces people to make economic choices.
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scarcity
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a presidential election is won by the candidate who receives a majority of the __________ ___________ votes.
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electoral college
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if the demand decreases, what happens to the price?________.
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decreases
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_____________ is the system of government we have in which the federal government shares power with the state government.
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federalism
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_________ is the money, people, and materials available to accomplish a community's goal. there are natural and human resources.
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resource
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smaller minor parties are sometimes called _______ __________.
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third parties
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a __________ is a person who loans someones money to buy an item.
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lender
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in general,if the price falls for a product, what happens to the demand?__________
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increase
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___________ commerce is trade between states and is regulated by the federal government.
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interstate
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the supreme court case _____________ provides someone charge with a crime a free attorney in a criminal case if one cannot afford representation.
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Gideon v. wainwright
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more people live in or near _______ areas in america.
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urban
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_________ government provide the following services: trash collection,police protection, water/sewage, building permits.
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county
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______ amendment of 1920 finally gave women the right to vote.
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19th
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the banking failure during the ______ ___________ led to the creation of the federal deposit insurance corporation,FDIC.
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great depression
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__________ include those related to food,shelter, and clothing.
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needs
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a bill must be sponsored by a ___________ of congress or legislature.
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member
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despite the efforts of the civil war amendments(13th-15th), African Americans were still denied the right to vote through literacy tests and ____ taxes in several states.
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poll
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_____________ is the alternative you face if you decide to do one thing rather than anther.
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trade-off
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_________ primaries allow only declared members of a party to vote in a primary.
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closed
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a candidates gets his/her name on the ballot in the general election.if he/shes wins the most ___________.
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primaries
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examples of _____________ powers are to levy taxes,borrow money,provide for the general welfare, establish courts, creates/enforces laws.
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concurrent
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in the 1960's, the supreme courts ruled that election districts must be ____________, meaning based on population and not land.
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apportioned
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the first known system of written law was the _______ ___ _____________.
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code of Hammurabi
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governors,unlike the president, can use a _______-_________ _________.
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line-item veto
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our judicial system is a mixture of common law and ___________ law.
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statutory
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_____________ is the economics behavior and decision-making by individuals and small businesses.
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microeconomics
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reading a party's ___________ is the best way to learn about the party's andor candidates beliefs and positions on elections issues.
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platform
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_____________ is when people,businesses, religion, and/or nations concentrate on goods and services that they can produce better than anyone else.
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specialization
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___________ is a system in which private citizens own most, if not all,of the means of production and decide how to use them within legal limits.
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capitalism
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________ ___________ is a system of combining characteristics of more than one type of economy.
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mixed economy
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speaker of the house is chosen by the _____________ party in the house ( in both federal and state government).
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majority
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_____ _______ ____ of 1964 bans discriminated on the basis of gender, race,color, religion,and national origin.
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civil rights act
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___________ powers are the powers given to federal government by the constitution.
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expressed
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______ __ _______ ___ ___________ case said separate was not equal,thus reversing plessy.
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brown v. board of education
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_________ ____________ warned Americans that political parties may have harmful effects.
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George Washington
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the U.S. has a ____ ______ system.
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two party
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________ is a serious crime,such as murder,rape,kidnapping,or robbery.
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felony
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__________ powers are those powers shared by the federal and state government.
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concurrent
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the president can nationalize the national guard of a state when there is a national ____________.
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emergency
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__________ is the desire,willingness,and the ability to buy a good or services. the demand curve slopes downward.
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demand
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_______ are things we would like to have, such as entertainment, vacation, or an item, that makes life comfortable and enjoyable.
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wants
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_________ __________ is the act of buyers and sellers freely and willingly engaging in market transactions.
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voluntary exchange
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___________ is the study of how individuals and nations make choices about ways to use limited resources to fulfill their needs and wants.
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economics
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tax bills must begin in the ________ because the it is "closer to the people".
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house
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in _______ primaries, one doesn't have to have a party preference.
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open
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____________ _____ is the cost of the next best use of time and money when choosing to do one thing or another.
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opportunity cost
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we have the three branches or government: executive, judicial, and legislative. they use a system of _______ ____ __________ in order to prevent one system to become too powerful.
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checks and balances
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to override a veto, ___ of congress must vote to do so.
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