6260 Final – Kathy Bitner – Flashcards
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Parsons' tripartite model for vocational direction developed into the approach to career development interventions known as
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---Trait-and-factor
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The goal of the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling is to
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-Identify the degree of fit between the person and the occupation.
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The Career Pattern Study was
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One of the first longitudinal studies of career development.
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Which of the following was the first to shift the focus of career development interventions to that of an ongoing process?
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Donald Super
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The main organization for professional career counselors is the
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National Career Development Association.
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According to Savickas, the competencies which will become the main areas of focus for career counselors are
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Critical thinking, self-affirmation, and commitment to community.
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The idea that feelings in one area of life affect feelings in another area of living is known as which of the following:
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Spillover hypothesis
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Those adhering to a self-fulfilling work ethic are seeking a career that allows them to be
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Involved in family, community, leisure, and/or other life roles.
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A systematic process for occupational decision-making, labeled true reasoning, was developed by
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Parsons.
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The work of James Cattell, Alfred Binet, and Walter Bingham contributed extensively to the emphasis of ________ in career counseling
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Testing
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The 2 x 2 matrix used to classify career practitioners' actions includes behavior that is
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legal and ethical.
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When a client's concerns include depressive feelings, low self-esteem, and other serious mental health issues, career counselors should
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assess whether they can adequately deal with the problem at hand or should refer the client to another professional.
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Dealing with ethical issues and values, Herr and Niles (1988) stress awareness of all of the following except
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values the client and clinician share.
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The authors suggest a practitioner adequately address the issue of personal competence through
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continuing education.
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The Internet can be used to provide career services to clients in all of the following ways except to
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eliminate the need for counselor support.
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State laws and ethical standards are congruent
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---not always
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Compared to ethical codes or statutes, ethical principles
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---provide a more solid framework for decision making.
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Regarding medical ethics, Beauchamp and Childress (2001) address-
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-veracity, privacy, and confidentiality.
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When questions pertain to proper practice all of the following principles can be used to help career professionals identify appropriate behaviors except
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loyalty
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Underlying all questions (and answers) related to ethical and legal behavior in career development interventions are--
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-values assumptions.
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The three parts of Super's segmental theory are life span, life space, and---
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self-concept.
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In Super's theory, adolescents' readiness for career decision making is known as—
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career maturity
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Self-concepts developed through comparison of the self with others are known as—
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objective
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One factor that influences life role salience is—
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the dominant culture
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According to Super, methods used to guide and clarify vocational identities for clients are---
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neither of the above (neither developmental or cognitive/behavioral)
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In Gottfredson's model, the process of eliminating unacceptable occupational alternatives based primarily on gender and social class is labeled-
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--circumscription
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In terms of Holland's theory, congruence describes the degree of fit between an individual's personality type and that of his or her—
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current or prospective work environment
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In Holland's model, the degree of relatedness within types, such that similar types are located next to each other and have more in common, is a concept called
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—consistency
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Krumboltz proposes to use indecision in the counseling process as--
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a desirable quality that motivates clients to engage in new learning experiences
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The theory that has generated more research than any other seems to be that of—
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Holland
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According to the authors, the emerging theories of career counseling tend to do all of the following except:--
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focus on objective scores rather than the client's subjective experience.
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The sources that shape self-efficacy beliefs include--
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vicarious learning and social persuasion.
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Social cognitive theory focuses closely on--
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addressing performance attainments and persistence in overcoming obstacles.
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In the executive processing domain of the CASVE model, control and monitoring are essential for deciphering the information needed-- to resolve a career problem and determine when to move to the next phase.
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to resolve a career problem and determine when to move to the next phase.
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The function of the executive processing domain in the cognitive information processing approach is to-
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- initiate, coordinate, and monitor the storage and retrieval of information.
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According to Brown, values serve as standards by which people evaluate their--
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own actions and the actions of others.
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Hansen's integrative life planning model is unique in that its emphasis is on integrating--
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the mind, body, and spirit.
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The tasks of the ILP model include all of the following except--
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making the most money with the least effort.
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Constructivism is a concept that accepts that people--
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are active organizers of their own experiences.
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The Values-Based Approach is based on all of the following assumptions except--
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values are assessed through qualitative, not quantitative, means.
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Assessment is defined as
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any formal or informal technique used to collect data about a client.
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When interpreting an inventory, all of the following are important expect
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indicating that the results of the inventory are the best sources of information
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A primary characteristic of informal assessment is that
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it can be interesting and stimulate good discussions.
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An acceptable test-retest reliability coefficient is
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.8
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If, on the Kuder Career Search interest inventory, for example, a person has a score at the 88th percentile on the scale called Outdoor, it means that
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the person's interest in outdoor activities is higher than 88% of those in a norm group.
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Though assessment may be used in several steps of the career planning process, its greatest usefulness is likely to be at Step
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2
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Which of the following is most likely to have "right and wrong answers"?
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tests
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All of the following are true of formal assessments except that they
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are usually free of charge.
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A raw score indicates
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the total number of responses related to some category.
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Any of the following could be used to measure interests except
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WorkKeys.
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At Step 4 of the career decision-making process, students or clients are most likely to need information about
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occupations.
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Of the various types of deciders described by Dinklage, the type most likely to have the easiest time making a vocational choice is the
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planful
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Several websites that are particularly useful for career planning and information have been developed by the
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Department of Labor
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When choosing a system for organizing occupations, it is better for guidance purposes if
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there is a way to link what the person knows about self to occupational options. page 205 (Page 205 states that career planning is the process of making educational and vocational choices based on knowledge of self and the environment. When choosing a system for organizing occupations, it would be better for guidance purposes if the student could link what they know about self to occupational options.
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A counselor has the responsibility to
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assist students to turn data into information that helps with decision making.
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The website called O*Net is a replacement for the former Department of Labor publication
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The Dictionary of Occupational Titles.
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Holland's typology is very useful in career guidance programs because
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all of the above
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The Bobby Standards identifies compliance of websites that are likely to be accessible to
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those with visual disability.
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Which of the following is not a type of data typically provided by career centers?
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Benefits packages
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All of the following are true for effective career centers except that they need to
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be staffed by a certified counselor.
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21. The first computer-assisted career guidance systems were developed
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in the 60's.
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The term crosswalking refers to
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linking related databases.
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One way in which high touch can be added to high tech while serving multiple students
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classroom instruction.
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All of the following are characteristics of career planning systems except that they
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typically include. no searchable databases.
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The early computer-assisted systems had all of the following expect
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full-motion video.
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Career information systems that include state-specific data were encouraged by
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NOICC.
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All of the following are strong assets of computer-based system except the capability to
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identify whether the user can profit from its use.
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Research about the use of computer-based systems indicates that
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the best gains are made by a client when technology and counselor support are combined.
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One of the primary ethical issues with cyber-counseling is
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security of communication.
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The primary player(s) in setting ethical guidelines for cybercounseling is/are the
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All of the organizations above.
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Historically, the counseling profession developed or emerged from all of the following except
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Freudian psychoanalysis.
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The practice of career counseling has a close theoretical and practical relationship with
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psychotherapy.
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Critics contends that career counseling is described by all of the following except that it
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is less difficult than psychotherapy.
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Students of counseling and mental health practitioners often lack enthusiasm for the practice of career counseling because they view it as a process that
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is very directive and limited to test administration and interpretation.
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Career counselors provide support to clients by all of the following except:
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telling the clients what the solution to their problem is
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The basic skills career counselors need are
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the same as for any other counselor.
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In order to help people make meaning out of their life experiences, career counselors pay attention to the client's:
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subjective experience
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Regardless of the theoretical perspectives used by career counselors, broad topics addressed in the first phase include all of the following except the client's
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potential employers.
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The acronym PLEASE has been proposed as a guide to
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show clients that their views matter.
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The NCDA offers this type of certification to counselors who are licensed and have received supervised career counseling training
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Master Career Counselor (MCC)
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In order to justify limiting career-related activities in schools, critics have cited
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both of these (time spent away from academic disciplines AND student's right to be in charge of their career decisions)
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Super, Savickas, and Super (1996) identified all of the following as major career development tasks that children should accomplish except
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adhere to gender and work roles fitting the dominant culture.
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An important goal of career development interventions in elementary school is to:
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counteract environmental factors that pressure students to prematurely commit to a specific job or career path.
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Skills like being reliable, getting along with one's co-workers, being trustworthy, and completing assignments on time are called
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self-management.
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The greatest influence on the career development of children derives from
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parents.
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Program planners in schools should be sensitive to the political climate in which they operate because
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funding of programs requires backing and support by school administrators and school boards.
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When it comes to planning and disseminating information about career program delivery, counselors should collaborate with
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both teachers and parents.
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Careers start to unfold and develop in
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pre-school
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Because elementary school aged children have not yet had the opportunity to explore career options fully, counselors should
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work toward counteracting environmental factors that pressure students to commit prematurely to occupational options.
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According to Havighurst, activities involved during middle childhood (ages 6-11) include all of the following except
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identify the difference between right and wrong
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Suggestions provided in the text to encourage parental involvement in their children's career development include
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evening information sessions and newsletters.
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Assessment tools to measure interests and abilities include all of the following except the
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
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An adolescent makes strides toward independence by developing
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socially and psychologically.
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Career choice readiness includes all of the above.
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(a planful attitude, gathering information about education,exploring the world of work)
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Appropriate career goals for high school students, as proposed by the National Career Development Guidelines, include all of the following except
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career development
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Teachers, counselors, and curriculum designers expect middle school students to
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learn about themselves and the world of work and then translate this learning into an educational plan for the remainder of their secondary school education
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It is important for career interventions to continue to stimulate curiosity in middle school students because
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those who are curious about their emerging self-concepts are more likely to engage in exploratory behavior to acquire the information they need.
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The most useful foundation for the exploration process is provided by
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combining interests inventories with aptitude test results.
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According to Super, the tasks of crystallizing, specifying, and implementing tentative career choices occur during all of the following stages except
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early adulthood
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The readiness to cope with the various career development tasks confronting an individual is known as
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career maturity.
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In the role of advocacy, counselors
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convince stakeholders of the importance of services.
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A target population is a group
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designated to receive services.
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Purposes for writing measurable objectives include
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all of the above.
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One of the most feasible ways to deliver career planning services at the high school level is answer:
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group guidance.
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Evaluation of career planning services must be closely tied to
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measurable objectives.
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Where it is problematic in a school setting to get dedicated time to deliver career planning services, perhaps the best single approach is to
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infuse them into existing curriculum
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The first step in planning an evaluation is to
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determine specific measurable objectives of the services.
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Of the following, the most easily measured objective is
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...given the titles of 18 occupations, will be able to sort them correctly into six clusters.
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Stakeholders are persons who
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are affected in any way by services or programs.
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Measurable objectives are used to
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clearly define the desired outcomes.
