6.3-6.4-6.5 biology study guide may – Flashcards
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6.4, traits, genes and allelea
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Gene
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Is a piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make certain protein.
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Allele
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Is any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus.
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How much alleles have a cell?
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Two cells for each gene one on each of the homologous chromosomes on which the locus for that gene is found.
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How much allele give each parent?
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1 allele
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How can be the 2 alleles?
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Can be the same I different
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Homozygous
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Describe two of the same alleles at a specific locus
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Heterozygous
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Described two different alleles at a specific locus .
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How much genome make up the humans?
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3 billion nucleotide pairs make up humans
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Genome
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Is all of an organism's genetic material like a identical twin Is the same genes in two person
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Genotype
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Refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes ( different)
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Phenotype
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Is when a flower have the both types like purple and white , like different genes
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Dominant allele
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Is expresed when two different alleles or dominant are present like XX
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Recessive allele
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Is expresed only when two copies are present
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Puckett square
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Is a grid system for predicting possible genotypes of offspring
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Monohybrid crosses
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Crossed that examine the inheritance of only one specific trait
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Testcross
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Is a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype
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Organism with the unknown genotype is * heterozygous, ( dominant )
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Dyhybrid crosses
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Crosses that examines the inheritance of two different traits
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Law of independent assortment
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States that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gametes formation or meiosis
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Probability
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It predicts the average number of occurences not the exact number of occurences.
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Law of segregation
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Conocida como mendel's first law
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In genetics, the mating of two organism is called
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Cross
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Traits
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Are distinguishing characteristic that are inherited, such eyes color, leaf shape and rail lenght
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Genetics
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Is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organism
