question

The attack by Massachusetts colonists on the home of lieutenant governor and chief justice Thomas Hutchinson:

answer

c. led Hutchinson to believe that effective British rule would require the loss of some liberties for the colonists.

question

What major event first led the British government to seek ways to make the colonies bear part of the cost of the empire?

answer

c. the Seven Years' War

question

Virtual representation was the idea:

answer

d. that each member of Britain's House of Commons represented the entire empire, not just his own district.

question

The Sugar Act alarmed colonists, in part because it:

answer

e. threatened the profits of colonial merchants already in economic trouble

question

The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because:

answer

c. it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies.

question

What contribution did the Stamp Act episode make to the colonists' concept of liberty?

answer

b. The Stamp Act Congress insisted that the right to consent to taxation was essential to people's freedom.

question

The Sons of Liberty:

answer

a. was the creation of several ambitious but not-too-wealthy New York merchants.

question

The Declaratory Act:

answer

d. rejected Americans' claims that only their elected representatives could levy taxes.

question

Violent social turmoil in rural areas during the 1760s:

answer

e. involved events in both northern and southern colonies.

question

What armed group, motivated by deep frustrations with the corruption of North Carolina's county officials, was defeated by the colony's militia at the 1771 Battle of Alamance?

answer

b. the Regulators

question

Which one of the following did NOT specifically provide for direct or indirect taxes on the colonies?

answer

e. the Declaratory Act

question

Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys:

answer

e. fought intrusions by New York landlords into what became Vermont.

question

The Townshend Act did all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

c. reaffirm Boston's decision to abide by the Quartering Act.

question

The "Daughters of Liberty" was the name given to:

answer

d. women who spun and wove to create their own clothing rather than buy British goods.

question

The Boston Massacre occurred when British soldiers:

answer

b. fired into a mob and killed a number of Boston residents.

question

Crispus Attucks:

answer

d. has been called the first martyr of the American Revolution.

question

The expulsion of the journalist John Wilkes from his seat in Parliament:

answer

a. symbolized the threat to liberty for many in both Britain and America.

question

Why did colonists object to the Tea Act?

answer

b. By paying it, they would be acknowledging Great Britain's right to tax the colonists.

question

Britain responded to the Boston Tea Party with:

answer

b. the Intolerable Acts.

question

Which of the following was associated with the Intolerable Acts?

answer

c. The Massachusetts Charter of 1691 was changed to curtail town meetings.

question

The Quebec Act:

answer

a. granted religious toleration to Catholics in Canada.

question

What were the Suffolk Resolves?

answer

e. a set of resolutions made in 1774, urging Massachusetts citizens to prepare for war

question

The Committees of Safety:

answer

b. were part of a series of efforts by the Continental Congress to promote unity and to take action against enemies of liberty.

question

In the years immediately before the American Revolution, the concept of natural rights:

answer

a. greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson's early writings.

question

Which of the following was NOT a significant battle during the first year of the Revolutionary War?

answer

e. Cowpens, which helped turn the tide of war in the South.

question

John Adams recommended George Washington as commander of the Continental army because:

answer

c. the fact that Washington was from Virginia could help unify the colonists.

question

What did Lord Dunmore do that horrified many southerners?

answer

c. He promised freedom to slaves who joined the British cause.

question

The Olive Branch Petition:

answer

e. was addressed to King George III and reaffirmed American loyalty to the crown.

question

Thomas Paine's Common Sense:

answer

d. argued that America would become the home of freedom and "an asylum for mankind."

question

What would Americans NOT experience, according to James Chalmers, the Maryland Loyalist, should independence come to the colonies?

answer

d. happiness and prosperity

question

Which statement about Thomas Paine's Common Sense is FALSE?

answer

e. It was breathtakingly original in its ideas.

question

Most of the text of the Declaration of Independence:

answer

b. consists of a list of grievances against King George III.

question

All of the following are true of the Declaration of Independence EXCEPT:

answer

b. its arguments made it a uniquely American document with little relevance to other nations.

question

All of the following were advantages enjoyed by the British during the American Revolution EXCEPT:

answer

d. an intimate knowledge of the terrain.

question

Which of the following is TRUE of the soldiers who fought for American independence?

answer

a. During the war's later years, the Continental army relied increasingly on young men with limited economic prospects.

question

During the eight years of war, approximately how many Americans bore arms in the Continental army and state militias?

answer

c. 200,000

question

Which of the following statements regarding black soldiers during the American Revolution is FALSE?

answer

b. to inspire American soldiers to continue to fight despite demoralizing military losses.

question

In the winter of 1776-1777, Washington won important victories that improved American morale. These battles were at:

answer

e. Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey

question

A key consequence of the Battle of Saratoga in October 1777 was:

answer

a. France became an ally to the United States.

question

In 1778, the focus of the war shifted:

answer

d. to the South, where the British captured Savannah that year.

question

During the Revolutionary War, tensions between backcountry farmers and wealthy planters:

answer

c. gave the British hope that they might be able to enlist the support of southern Loyalists.

question

Cornwallis was defeated at Yorktown because:

answer

a. he had no land or water escape route.

question

Washington's defeat of Cornwallis at Yorktown:

answer

d. destroyed British public support for the war.

question

The negotiation of the Treaty of Paris of 1783:

answer

e. began only after the Battle of Yorktown.

question

British possessions in the West Indies:

answer

c. remained loyal to the crown during the American Revolution because their leaders feared slave uprisings.

question

The Treaty of Paris did NOT:

answer

b. sever the alliance between the United States and France.

question

As a result of the American Revolution, Americans rejected:

answer

b. the principle of hereditary aristocracy.

question

How did the Revolutionary War change the meaning of freedom?

answer

b. It challenged the inequality that had been fundamental to the colonial social order.

question

What served as a sort of "school of political democracy" for the members of the "lower orders" in the colonies-turned-states?

answer

d. the militia

question

Which statement about Revolutionary Pennsylvania is FALSE?

answer

d. The state's new constitution gave only limited power to the state's governor.

question

How did Pennsylvania display the Revolutionary War's radical potential?

answer

c. Philadelphia's artisan and lower-class communities took control and put a new emphasis on freedom and on more democratic politics.

question

In his Thoughts on Government (1776), John Adams advocated state constitutions that provided for:

answer

a. a powerful governor and a two-house legislature that reflected the division of society between wealthy and ordinary men.

question

The new state constitutions created during the Revolutionary War:

answer

c. greatly expanded the right to vote in almost every state.

question

The constitution of which state eliminated all property and tax qualifications for voting in 1777?

answer

a. Vermont

question

Which state's constitution granted suffrage to all "inhabitants" who met a property qualification, allowing property-owning women to vote until an 1807 amendment limited suffrage to males?

answer

c. New Jersey

question

An example of anti-Catholicism during the 1770s was the:

answer

e. First Continental Congress's denunciation of the Quebec Act.

question

How did the War for Independence affect anti-Catholicism in America?

answer

d. The alliance with France, a predominantly Catholic country, helped diminish American anti-Catholicism.

question

Benedict Arnold offered which justification for his treason?

answer

b. America's new alliance with France, a Catholic state, was too much for him to bear.

question

Which of the following is true of how the new state constitutions in the Revolutionary era dealt with the issue of religious liberty?

answer

c. Seven state constitutions began with a declaration of rights that included a commitment to "the free exercise of religion."

question

Thomas Jefferson's views on religion and Christian doctrines:

answer

d. demonstrate his rejection of the divinity of Jesus.

question

For which three accomplishments did Thomas Jefferson wish to be remembered?

answer

e. the Declaration of Independence, the University of Virginia, the Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom

question

As a result of the religious freedom created by the Revolution:

answer

b. upstart churches began challenging the well-established churches.

question

Why did apprenticeship and indentured servitude decline after the Revolution?

answer

e. The lack of freedom inherent in apprenticeship and indentured servitude struck growing numbers of Americans as incompatible with republican citizenship.

question

According to Noah Webster, what was the very soul of a republic?

answer

a. equality

question

Why did John Adams believe that land ownership was vital to society?

answer

b. If more people owned land, it would be less likely that fixed and unequal social classes would emerge.

question

What role did rising prices play during the Revolution?

answer

c. They prompted protests by Americans, especially women, who took goods from merchants whom they accused of hoarding.

question

In order to deal with a wartime economic crisis in 1779, Congress urged states to:

answer

b. adopt measures to fix wages and prices.

question

Which of the following contributed to the success of free trade advocates during the Revolutionary War?

answer

a. the publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations

question

What did the "invisible hand" refer to?

answer

e. the free market Approximately how many free Americans remained loyal to the British during the war? c. 20 to 25 percent

question

Which of the following groups did NOT include a significant proportion of Loyalists during the Revolutionary War?

answer

d. the Livingstons, a wealthy New York family

question

Which of the following was NOT an example of Loyalists being deprived of their freedom by patriots?

answer

e. The New England states forced Loyalists into militias against their will.

question

Which statement about Loyalists is FALSE?

answer

b. Fewer than 10,000 Loyalists left America after the war.

question

What role did Native Americans play in the Revolutionary War?

answer

d. They divided in allegiance, just as white Americans did.

question

General John Sullivan:

answer

c. destroyed forty Indian towns in a campaign against the Iroquois.

question

What policy did the new United States pursue in its dealings with Native Americans?

answer

c. The U.S. government set out to dispossess the Native Americans of their remaining rich lands and drive them westward.

question

Joseph Brant, a young Mohawk:

answer

a. wanted to create an Indian confederacy between Canada and the United States.

question

In a famous speech to Parliament, the British statesman Edmund Burke said what regarding a link between slavery and liberty for American colonists?

answer

a. He argued that the colonists were sensitive to threats to their liberties because they were so familiar with slavery.

question

Virtually every founding father owned at least one slave at some point in his life. Who was a notable exception?

answer

b. John Adams

question

Which of the following was NOT a key obstacle to the abolition of slavery in the Revolutionary era and new nation?

answer

d. the widespread fear that freed slaves would move west and unite with Indians

question

What did South Carolina promise every white volunteer at the war's end?

answer

e. a slave

question

Who was Phillis Wheatley?

answer

a. a poet who wrote about how African-Americans felt about freedom

question

What settlement in Africa did the British establish for former slaves from the United States?

answer

b. Sierra Leone

question

The efforts to emancipate slaves in the 1770s and 1780s:

answer

d. reflected the importance of property rights.

question

Which statement about blacks and freedom in the Revolutionary era is FALSE?

answer

d. After the Revolution, emancipation in the North was swift and all encompassing.

question

After the Revolution, African-Americans in the North:

answer

a. often wound up in a state similar to that of indentured servitude.

question

The free black population after the Revolution:

answer

b. often enjoyed the right to vote if its male members met taxpaying or property qualifications.

question

Which of the following was NOT a way in which women contributed to the Revolutionary cause?

answer

c. replacing their husbands in political offices

question

Which statement about gender and politics in the Revolutionary era is FALSE?

answer

c. In appreciation for their invaluable contribution to the war effort, women were allowed universal suffrage.

question

Republican motherhood encouraged:

answer

a. greater educational opportunities for women.

question

"Republican motherhood" was an ideology that held:

answer

b. women played an indispensable role in the new nation by training future citizens. Which of the following was a characteristic of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation? b. Congress could not levy taxes or regulate commerce.

question

Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress was able to

answer

a. establish national control over land to the west of the thirteen states.

question

What was Congress able to accomplish with its Native American policy under the Articles of Confederation?

answer

c. Congress demanded and received surrenders of large amounts of Indian land north of the Ohio River and in the South.

question

In the immediate aftermath of independence, how did Congress justify its claim that at least some Indians had forfeited their rights to their lands?

answer

e. because they had aided the British during the war

question

In the 1780s, settlers in western areas such as Tennessee and Kentucky:

answer

c. believed they had a right to take possession of western lands and use them as they saw fit.

question

Which of the following is true of how the leaders of the new nation viewed settlers moving west across the Appalachians in the 1780s?

answer

a. They shared their British predecessors' fears that frontier settlers would fight constantly with Native Americans.

question

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787:

answer

a. established the policy to admit the area's population as equal members of the political system.

question

With regard to slavery, the Northwest Ordinance of 1787:

answer

c. banned slavery in the area north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River.

question

Which of the following did states NOT do during the period when the Articles of Confederation governed the United States?

answer

d. They called out militias to stop foreclosures on the homes of debtors.

question

Shays's Rebellion was significant because it demonstrated:

answer

d. to some influential Americans the need for a stronger central government.

question

Shays's Rebellion:

answer

a. used the example of the Revolution and the terminology of liberty in organizing.

question

Which of the following persons would have been the most likely supporter of the Articles of Confederation?

answer

e. an indebted farmer in western Massachusetts

question

James Madison:

answer

c. was Thomas Jefferson's friend and protégé.

question

Which two prominent men were not at the Constitutional Convention?

answer

d. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams

question

Which of the following does NOT describe those who attended the Constitutional Convention?

answer

d. Most had earned their wealth after rising from humble origins.

question

What proposal by Alexander Hamilton found little support in the Constitutional Convention?

answer

b. life terms for president and senators

question

Which of the following is true of the Virginia Plan?

answer

c. It proposed a two-house legislature, with population determining representation in each house.

question

The New Jersey Plan:

answer

a. was mainly supported by the smaller, less populated states.

question

What qualifications did the Constitution ratified in 1787 impose for voting?

answer

a. None; it left voting rules to the states.

question

Why was the original House of Representatives so small, with only sixtyfive members?

answer

b. The founders assumed that only prominent individuals could win elections in large districts, and that is what the founders wanted.

question

Why did the founding fathers create the electoral college?

answer

d. They did not trust ordinary voters to choose the president and vice president directly.

question

The relationship between the national government and the states is called:

answer

c. Federalism.

question

As designed by the Constitution:

answer

c. federal judges were appointed by the president, not elected by the people.

question

Which of the following is NOT a check against presidential power in the Constitution?

answer

c. The House can remove the president from office after impeaching him.

question

Which of the following is true of the Constitution of 1787 and of slavery?

answer

e. Although never using the word "slavery," the document protected several aspects of the institution.

question

Which of the following is true regarding Congress and the African slave trade in the United States under the Constitution?

answer

e. Congress prohibited the African slave trade twenty years after ratification of the Constitution.

question

How did southern states react to the Constitution's provisions regarding slavery?

answer

a. South Carolina and Georgia immediately began importing increased numbers of Africans, because in twenty years, the international slave trade could be constitutionally prohibited.

question

The three-fifths clause in the U.S. Constitution:

answer

b. gave the white South greater power in national affairs than the size of its free population warranted.

question

The Constitution explicitly granted Congress the power to do all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

e. emancipate slaves

question

The Somerset case:

answer

b. ruled that slavery was unlawful in England.

question

Who wrote the majority of the eight-five essays in the Federalist?

answer

a. Alexander Hamilton

question

In The Federalist, James Madison argued that:

answer

a. the large size of the United States was a source of political stability.

question

Which of the following groups tended to be Anti-Federalist during the ratification debates?

answer

d. state politicians fearful of a strong central government

question

Anti-Federalists included:

answer

e. Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry.

question

In The History of the American Revolution, David Ramsey:

answer

c. praised American state constitutions for allowing future amendments.

question

The Anti-Federalist James Winthrop argued that a bill of rights was necessary in the Constitution because:

answer

e. ratification of the Constitution was in doubt without the inclusion of the Bill of Rights.

question

During the process of ratifying the Constitution:

answer

a. two states, Rhode Island and North Carolina, voted against ratification.

question

All of the following statements are true of the Bill of Rights EXCEPT:

answer

e. It explicitly granted states the right of secession.

question

The Banner of the Society of Pewterers, one of many artisan groups that took part in the celebrations over the ratification of the Constitution, hails the Constitution as a solid foundation for:

answer

e. prosperity and freedom.

question

Which of the following is true of how the U.S. government in the 1790s dealt with Native Americans?

answer

d. The U.S. government made treaties with them mainly to transfer land to itself or to the states.

question

Who was defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794?

answer

c. Little Turtle

question

Under the Treaty of Greenville of 1795:

answer

b. twelve Indian tribes ceded most of Ohio and Indiana to the federal government.

question

What was the annuity system involving the U.S. government and certain Indian tribes?

answer

b. a system under which the federal government gave annual monetary grants to Indians

question

Hector St. John Crèvecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer:

answer

a. popularized the idea of the United States as a melting pot of ethnicities.

question

Which of the following is true of American national identity as envisioned by the Constitution of 1787?

answer

c. The "people" were free Americans; Native Americans and "other persons," meaning African-American slaves, were not considered part of the political nation.

question

During the early years of the republic, African-Americans:

answer

c. made up well over 10 percent of the total population.

question

The Naturalization Act of 1790 allowed:

answer

d. only free white persons to become citizens.

question

Who wrote Notes on the State of Virginia?

answer

e. Thomas Jefferson

question

Thomas Jefferson believed that African-Americans:

answer

a. should eventually be able to enjoy their natural rights, but they would have to leave the United States to do so.

question

When George Washington took office as the first president of the United States, American leaders believed that the new nation's success depended on:

answer

maintaining political harmony.

question

All of the following men held a high executive or judicial office during George Washington's presidency EXCEPT

answer

James Madison.

question

Alexander Hamilton's long-term goal was to

answer

promote the power of state governments

question

of the following was NOT part of Alexander Hamilton's financial program

answer

a national capital city with experimental manufacturing

question

Which of the following was NOT an objection raised by critics of Hamilton's proposals?

answer

The proposals would prevent the development of manufacturing, and manufacturing was vital to America's future.

question

Opponents of Hamilton's economic plan

answer

agreed to a compromise that included placing the national capital in the South

question

"Strict constructionists" believed

answer

the federal government could only exercise powers specifically listed in the Constitution

question

Pierre Charles L'Enfant is well known for

answer

designing Washington, D.C.

question

Benjamin Banneker was

answer

a scientist who helped survey the new national capital

question

How did Americans respond to the French Revolution

answer

Almost everyone supported it at first, because the French seemed to be following in Americans' footsteps

question

What happened to King Louis XVI during the French Revolution

answer

He was executed

question

With whom did Alexander Hamilton and his supporters believe that the United States needed to cultivate a firm relationship in order to survive as a nation?

answer

the British

question

Edmond Genet was a French diplomat who:

answer

commissioned American ships to fight the British

question

Which of the following led directly to the formation of an organized political party opposed to the Federalist Party

answer

Jay's Treaty

question

The French Revolution

answer

reinforced the Republicans' sympathy toward the French.

question

Which of the following is true of the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794?

answer

It was the only time in U.S. history that the president commanded an army in the field.

question

Democratic-Republican Societies of the 1790s

answer

criticized the Washington administration.

question

Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman:

answer

was inspired by Thomas Paine's Rights of Man.

question

of the following is true of women and political life in the new republic of the 1790s?

answer

Some women contributed to a growing democratization of political life by arguing for increased rights for their sex

question

Judith Sargent Murray argued that women's apparent mental inferiority to men simply reflected the fact that women had been denied

answer

educational opportunities

question

Which of the following was NOT true of the United States in 1797

answer

Believing that political parties were wrong, Adams included Jefferson and Hamilton in his government, and they did not get along.

question

The 1796 election pitted John Adams and Thomas Pinckney against

answer

Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.

question

The "quasi-war" was a war of the United States against

answer

France

question

Fries's Rebellion:

answer

resulted in a loss of support for Federalists in southeastern Pennsylvania.

question

The Sedition Act of 1798

answer

led Jefferson to argue that states, not the federal government, could punish seditious speech.

question

The Sedition Act targeted

answer

the Republican press

question

The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were a response to

answer

the Alien and Sedition Acts.

question

The Kentucky resolution originally stated that

answer

states could nullify laws of Congress

question

Which of the following is NOT true of the presidential election of 1800

answer

Thomas Jefferson's victory in the New England states proved to be key to his election.

question

Who wrote a petition to Congress as the president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, calling for the ending of slavery?

answer

Benjamin Franklin

question

Which of the following is true of the American response to Toussaint L'Ouverture's slave uprising, which led to the establishment of Haiti as an independent nation in 1804?

answer

Many white Americans considered L'Ouverture's uprising to be evidence of blacks' unfitness for republican freedom

question

Gabriel's Rebellion`

answer

demonstrated that the slaves were as aware of the idea of liberty as anyone else

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