5 Homework 2 – Flashcards
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If a person stares at the sky, passersby will often pause to do likewise. This best illustrates
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the chameleon effect.
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We are NOT likely to make the fundamental attribution error if we observe someone
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in a variety of situations.
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When New York University women were dressed in Ku Klux Klan-style hoods, they demonstrated significantly more aggression. This finding is best explained in terms of
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deindividuation.
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Individuals who believe that the death penalty should be abolished meet to discuss the issue. Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion the individuals will be
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even more convinced that the death penalty should be abolished
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The fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by
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assigned roles
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On which of the following tasks would the presence of others be MOST likely to lead to improved performance?
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counting backward from 10 to 1
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Frans avoids talking with food in his mouth because he knows others think it is socially inappropriate. This best illustrates the impact of
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norms.
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Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of
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visual perception.
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Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.
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belief-based feelings
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After an exciting football game in which the home team loses by one point, angry fans throw bottles and begin to tear up the field. This behavior is best understood in terms of
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deindividuation.
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The ill-fated decision of President John F. Kennedy and his advisors to invade Cuba best illustrates the dangers of
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groupthink.
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Compared with central route persuasion, peripheral route persuasion tends to
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occur more rapidly.
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To study social facilitation, Norman Triplett observed adolescents while they were
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winding fishing reels.
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Compared with people from East Asian cultures, those from individualist Western countries are more likely to demonstrate
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the fundamental attribution error.
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Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of
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a dispositional attribution.
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Social loafing is MOST likely to occur among
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audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introduced.
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The transmission of dating and courtship customs from one generation to another best illustrates the importance of
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culture.
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Kentaro hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Kentaro's behavior exemplifies the importance of
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normative social influence.
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Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely packed room. This is best explained in terms of
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social facilitation.
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Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of
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role playing on attitudes.
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After she was promoted to a high-level executive position in the large company for which she worked, Jorana developed more pro-business political attitudes. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on attitudes.
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role playing
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Which of the following is most likely to help us empathize with others?
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automatic mimicry
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The ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next constitute
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culture.
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A person's behavior is most likely to be consistent with his or her attitudes when
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external influences on behavior are minimal.
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The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the
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"teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress.
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The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called
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cognitive dissonance.
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The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called
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group polarization.
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Social facilitation refers to the tendency to
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perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others.
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In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" exhibited a somewhat lower level of compliance with an experimenter's orders when
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the experiment was not associated with a prestigious institution like Yale University.
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Aleksis has recently begun to bully and hurt his younger brother. If this behavior continues, it is likely that Aleksis will
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develop an increasing dislike for his brother.
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Professor Wang is a member of the faculty committee on academic standards. Other committee members want to begin accepting students with below-average grades. Professor Wang personally disagrees, but he will probably vote in favor of their plan if
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the other committee members are all in favor of the plan.
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Observing yourself on a video replay is most likely to increase your tendency to attribute your behavior to
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personality traits.
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Vanna is tempted to shoplift a gold necklace even though she has negative feelings about shoplifting. Vanna is LEAST likely to steal the merchandise if
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she easily recalls her negative feelings about shoplifting.
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Social loafing has been found to be especially noticeable among
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men in cultures that value individualism.
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The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by
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the fundamental attribution error.
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We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. This illustrates
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mood linkage.
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In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" were MOST likely to deliver high levels of shock when
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the "learner" was placed in a different room from the "teacher."
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The careers of health care specialists such as pediatricians, neurologists, and dentists most clearly illustrate that culture enables
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division of labor.
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The impact of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is most clearly illustrated by
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the destructive obedience of participants in the Milgram experiments.
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Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching. The professor, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and professor should be informed of the dangers of
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the fundamental attribution error.
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Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?
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social psychology
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Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines
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even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect.
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Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate, ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images. This strategy best illustrates
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peripheral route persuasion.
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We have a tendency to explain the behavior of strangers we have observed in only one type of situation in terms of ________ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ________.
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personality traits; situational constraints
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Those who feel socially pressured sometimes assert their freedom by doing the opposite of what is socially expected. This best illustrates
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personal control.
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Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes?
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cognitive dissonance theory
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The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ________ and to overestimate the impact of ________ in explaining the behavior of others.
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situational influences; personal dispositions
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Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by ________ and in terms of situational influences by ________.
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political conservatives; political liberals
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Which of the following processes most obviously operates in groupthink?
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group polarization
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Fernando's favorable attitude toward capital punishment began to change when he was asked to offer arguments opposing it in a university debate class. His attitude change is best explained by
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cognitive dissonance theory.
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The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to attribute a stranger's
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act of kindness to a compassionate personality.
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Since 1960, most Western cultures have changed with remarkable speed. The LEAST likely explanation for these variations involves changes in
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the human gene pool.
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Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustrates
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central route persuasion.
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Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which
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individuals share a similar opinion.
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Nora, Ko, Ian, and May each think that Ms. Akey may be a slightly better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. This episode provides an example of
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group polarization.
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The presence of others does not always lead to social facilitation because
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arousal inhibits the correct performance of difficult tasks.
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Normative social influence results from peoples' desire to
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gain social approval.
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A business leader who welcomes a variety of opinions from subordinates and invites experts to critique her company's developing plans is most likely to inhibit
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groupthink.
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Accepting others' opinions about reality is to ________ as the desire to gain approval is to ________.
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informational social influence; normative social influence
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A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage
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nonconformity.
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Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on his hockey team insist that it's not. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if
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he feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team.
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A terrorist mentality that becomes increasingly extreme among people who interact without outside moderating influences best illustrates
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group polarization.
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The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by
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the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
