3.3-5.4 – Chemistry – Flashcards
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| know weak acids and weak bases |
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| A solution is made up a _____and a______. |
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| solvent and solute |
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| The_____is the medium in which the solute is dissolved. |
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| solvent |
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| _____are conductors of electricity. |
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| electrodes |
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| If 2 electrodes are present, what happens to ion movement? |
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| it is no longer random when the electrodes are connected to a battery |
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| Compounds whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity are called______. |
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| electrolytes |
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| All ionic compounds that soluble in water are______. |
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| electrolytes |
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| ______are substances whose suolutions are good conductors of electricity because of their ions. |
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| strong electrolytes |
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| _____are compounds whose aqueous solutions who do not conduct electricity. |
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| non electrolytes |
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| What are two examples of non electrolytes? |
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| ethanol and sucrose |
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| Strong acids, weak acids, and weak bases are _____that react with water to form ions so they are electrolytes. |
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| molecular compounds |
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| ______are when only a small fraction of the molecule forms ions. These are poor conductors of electricity. |
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| weak electrolytes |
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| What are the four categories of reactions in aqueous solutions? |
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| precipitation, acid-base, gas forming, and oxidation reduction |
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| When the ions of the reaction change partners, this is called ______. Another name for these are _____or_____. |
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| exchange reactions; double replacement or metathesis |
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| A_____produces a water insoluble solid product known as a precipitate. |
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| precipitation reaction |
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| _____do not participate in the net reaction. |
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| spectator ions |
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| The ______is the balanced equation without spectator ions. |
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| net ionic equation |
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| When something is ____it stays together on the product side. When is something is ____, it separates on the product side. |
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| not soluble; soluble |
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| look at web assign solubility rules |
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| ____produce bubbles of CO2 when added to a metal carbonate and react with many metals to produce hydrogen gas. |
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| acids |
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| A_____is a substance that (when dissolved in water) increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. |
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| acid |
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| A _____is a substance that (when dissolved in water) increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution. |
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| base |
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| A reaction of an acid and a base produces a ____ in water. |
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| salt |
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| _____ionize completely in water and are strong electrolytes. |
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| strong acids |
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| What are two examples of strong acids? |
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| HCl and HNO3 |
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| _____do not ionize completely in water and are also weak electrolytes. These exist in a solution as acid molecules. |
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| WEak acids |
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| What are some examples of weak acids? |
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| acetic acid and hydrolfluoric acid |
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| ____are water soluble compounds that contain hydroxide ions. |
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| strong bases |
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| What are some examples of strong bases? |
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| NOH and KH3 |
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| look at solubility chart in textbook |
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| A _____is a proton donor and a ____is a proton acceptor. |
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| acid; base |
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| During a ______reaction, there is a transfer of a proton from an acid to a base. This forms a new acid and a new base. Favors weak acid and weak base. |
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| acid base reaction |
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| A ____favors products and a _____favors reactants. |
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| strong acid; weak acid |
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| add web assign concepts to these notecards |
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| Something that is _____can function as an acid or a base in a reaction. |
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| amphipotic |
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| A ____is any ionic compound whose cation comes from a base and whose anion comes from an acid. |
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| salt |
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| A ______is a reaction between a strong acid and a strong base. |
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| neutralization reaction |
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| ______are oxides like CO2 that can react with water to produce H3O+ ions |
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| acidic oxides |
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| ____are oxides of metals such as calcium oxide (lime). |
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| basic oxides |
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| The agent that brings about the reduction is called the _____. |
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| reducing agent |
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| Any process where oxygen is added to another substance is called _____. |
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| oxidation |
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| The agent that is responsible for the oxidation of the other elements is called the ______. |
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| oxidizing agent |
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| When a substance accepts electrons, it is said to be ______because there is a reduction in the numerical value of a charge on an atom of the substance. |
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| reduced |
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| When a substance loses electrons, it is said to be _____because the numerical value on the charge of the atom of the substance increases. |
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| oxidized |
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| _____is the removal of oxygen and gain of elecrons. |
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| reduction |
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| _____is the addition of oxygen and the loss of electrons. |
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| oxidation |
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| review how to figure out oxidation number online |
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| A _____is when ions combine in solution to form an insoluble reaction product. |
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| precipation reaction |
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| A_____is when water is a common product. Teh cation of the base and the anion of the acid form a salt. |
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| acid-base reaction |
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| look at book notes they tell you how to find teh limiting reactant! |
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| The ____is the maximum mass of product that can be obtained from a chemical reaction. |
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| theoretical yield |
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| the _____is the mass of material that is actually obtained in the laboratory or a chemical plant. This value is less than the _____. |
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| actual yield; theoretical yield |
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| The _____specifies how much of the theoretical yield was obtained. |
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| percent yield |
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| How do you calculate percent yield? |
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| actual yield/theoretical yield x 100 % |
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| _____is when each element in the compound combines with oxygen to produce the appropriate oxide |
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| combustion |
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| _____is defined was the amount of solute per liter of solution and it's symbol is ____. |
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| molarity, C |
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| How do you calculate molarity? |
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| amount of solute(moles)/volume of solution (liters) |
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| how to calculate pH? |
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| -log[h3O+] |
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| If something is acidic will its pH be low or high? |
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| low pH |
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| Is something has a high pH is it acidic or basic? |
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| basic |
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| Low hydronium ion concentration is associate with ____pH. High hydronium ion concentration is associated with ___pH |
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| high; low |
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| ___have pH values less than 7. ____have pH values greater than 7. |
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| acids; bases |
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| HOw do you find the hydronium ion concentration? |
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| take the antilog of the pH. 10^-pH |
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| _____is a measure of the extent of light aborption. |
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| spectrophotometry |
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| ______is the ratio of the amount of light transmitted by or passing through the sample relative to the amount of light that initially fell on the sample. |
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| trasmittance |
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| The ____is the negative logarithm of its transmittance. |
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| absorbance |
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| The _____is an object or collection of objects being studied. |
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| system |
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| The _____is everything outside the system that can exchange energy and/or matter with the system. |
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| surroundings |
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| A _____process is when energy is transferred as heat from a system to its surroundings. |
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| exothermic process |
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| A ____is when energy is transferred as heat from the surroundings to the system, increasing the energy of the system, and decreasing the energy of the surroundings. |
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| endothermic process |
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| When an object is heated or cooled, the quantity of energy transferred depends on what three things? |
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| quantity of material, the magnitude of the temperature change, the identity of the material gaining or losing energy |
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| The ______is the energy transferred as heat that is required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by one Kelvin. |
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| specific heat capacity |
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| like melting point, boiling point, and density, _____is a characteristic intensive property of a pure substance. |
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| specific heat capacity |
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| Energy transferred as heat that is required to convert a substance from a solid at its melting point to a liquid is called the ______. |
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| heat of fusion |
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| Energy transferred as heat to convert a liquid at its boiling point to a vapor is called the ______. |
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| heat of vaporization |
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| _____is constant through a change of state. |
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| tempertaure |
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| _____is the science of heat and work. |
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| thermodynamics |
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| ______is when ice changes directly from a solid to a gas. |
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| sublimation |
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| How do you recognize a redox reaction? |
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| determine the oxidation states for all elements and compounds; look for a change in oxidation states from reactants to products |
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| What is a combination reaction? |
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| 2 reactants combine to form one product |
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| What is a combustion reaction? |
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| reactant combines with oxygen |
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| What is a decomposition reaction? |
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| product written first, then the reactants |
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| What is a metathesis reaction? |
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| reactants "switch" |
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| HOw can you tell if a precipitation reaction has occured? |
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| look for something that stays as one compound, stays this way because it is insoluble |
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| A bronsted ACid _____a proton. |
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| donates |
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| A bronsted base_____a proton. |
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| accepts |
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| _____must add up to the charge on the compound. |
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| oxidation number |
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| ACidic oxides are made of ____. basic oxides are made of _____. |
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| nonmetals; metals |
