2nd Semester Final – Flashcards

A higher value indicates faster moving molecules

A. Heat

B. Energy

C. Temperature

D. Enthalpy (H)

E. Entropy (S)

An intensive property

A. Heat

B. Energy

C. Temperature

D. Enthalpy (H)

E. Entropy (S)

Examples include: potential, kinetic, nuclear, chemical, and thermal

A. Heat

B. Energy

C. Temperature

D. Enthalpy (H)

E. Entropy (S)

The second law of thermodynamics

A. Heat

B. Energy

C. Temperature

D. Enthalpy (H)

E. Entropy (S)

Nature prefiers high amounts of this

A. Heat

B. Energy

C. Temperature

D. Enthalpy (H)

E. Entropy (S)

The energy transferred between objects at different temperatures is

A. Chemical Energy

B. Heat

C. Potential Energy

D. Temperature

The temp of a beaker of warm water is measured to be a certain temp.  A large ice cube is dropped in.  Why does the temp. decrease?

 A. the ice cube absorbs heat energy from the water

B. The cold of the ice cube is released into water

C. The total energy of the system increases

D. The ice cube loses heat energy to water

Different sized ice cubes placed in beaker of water at room temp.  Smaller one melts faster, Why?

A. The larger ice cube was initially colder

B. The smaller has a higher melting point

C. Smaller ice cube has less mass and less energy is needed to melt it

D. The larger ice cube has a harder surface layer of ice

Which one of the following statements is true?

A. small object @ 20° C has less heat than a larger object of same material @ 20° C

B. Heat is conserved during a physical change, but lost during a chemical change

C. Entropy is term used to describe object swith the amount of heat contained within a sample; its units are joules per Kelvin

D. Heat is always transeferred from object with small amount of heat to object with large amount of heat

Two metals of equal mas with different specific heats are subjected to same amount of heat.  Which will undergo the smalles change in temp.?

A. the metal with the higher specific heat

B. The metal with the lower specific heat

C. Both will undergo the smae change in temp.

D. You need to know the initial temp. of the metals

If object A has a higher temp than object B, then object A

A. contains more energy as heat than object B

B. contains less energy as heat than object B

C. contains the same amt. of energy as heat as object B

D. may contain more, less or the same amt of energy as heat as object B

The second law of thermodynamics states that

A. the entropy (S) of the universe is constant

B. the entropy (S) of a system tends to increase

C. the energy (H) of the universe is constant

D. the energy (H) of a system tends to increase

You heat liquid water until it turns to steam.  Which one of the following statements is true?

A. ΔH is negative

B. Molecules of gaseous water move slower than those of liquid water

C. ΔS is positive

D. There is no change

Which of the following reactions has the greatest increase in entropy?

A. 6CO_{2 (g)} + 6H₂O _(g) --> C₆H₁₂O_6 (s) + 6O_{2 (g)}

B. 6H₂O _(g) --> 6H₂O _(l)

C. CO_{2 (s)} --> CO_{2 (g)}

D. C (diamond) --> C (graphite)

A chemical change is likely to occur on its own when

A. Energy and disorder both increase

B. Energy and disorder both decrease

C. Energy increases and disorder decreases

D. Energy decreases and disorder increases

True or False?

A chemical reaction is exothermic when ΔS is positive

True or False?

Water freezing into ice is an example of an endothermic process.

True or False?

The first law of thermodynamics states that whatever energy is lost from the system is absorbed from the surroundings

True or False?

Energy is considered a reactant in an endothermic reaction

True or False?

An example of increasing entropy is the formation of a gas in a mixture of two solutions

Which of the following must be the same before and after a chemical reaction?

A. The number of moles of all substances involved

B. The number of molecules of all substances involved

C. The number of atoms of each type involved

D. All of the above

One mole of cadmium

A. is lighter than one mole of gold

B. is heavier than one mole of gold

C. weighs the same as one mole of gold

D. cannot be compared to one mole of gold

How many moles of hydrogen are in a 0.25 mol sample of the chemical, C₃H₈NO₅P?

A. 8 moles of hydrogen

B. 4 moles of hydrogen

C. 2 moles of hydrogen

D. 0.25 moles of hydrogen

As the atomic masses of the elements in the periodic table, the number of atoms in 1 mol of each element

A. decreases

B. increases

C. remains the same

D. becomes a negative number

The molar mass of Al₂(SO₄)₃ is

A. 75.05 g/mol

B. 150.03 g/mol

C. 262.17 g/mol

D. 342.17 g/mol

True or False?

Molar mass is the relationship between grams of a substance and moles of that same substance

True or False?

Avogadro's number is used to convert moles of one substance to moles of another substance in a chemical reaction

Placing a blown up balloon in liquid nitrogen causes the balloon to shrink to very small sizes

A. Boyle's Law

B. Charles' Law

C. Gay-Lussac's Law

D. Avogadro's 1st law

E. Avogadro's 2nd law

F. Jim-Bob's Law

Why a teakettle makes annoying whistling sound

A. Boyle's Law

B. Charles' Law

C. Gay-Lussac's Law

D. Avogadro's 1st Law

E. Avogadro's 2nd Law

F. Jim-Bob's Law

Blowing up a balloon

;

A. Boyle's Law

B. Charles' Law

C. Gay-Lussac's Law

D. Avogadro's 1st Law

E. Avogadro's 2nd Law

F. Jim-Bob's Law

Playing with bubble wrap

A. Boyle's Law

B. Charles' Law

C. Gay Lussac's Law

D. Avogadro's 1st Law

E. Avogadro's 2nd Law

F. Jim-Bob's Law

Can describe a gas with no kinetic energy

;

A. direct relationship

B. inverse relationship

C. ideal gas

D. inelastic collision

E. absolute zero

A₁B₁= k

;

A. direct relationship

B. inverse relationship

C. ideal gas

D. inelastic collision

E. absolute zero

Blowing up a balloon

;

A. direct relationship

B. inverse relationship

C. ideal gas

D. inelastic collision

E. absolute zero

Point Masses

;

A. direct relationship

B. inverse relationship

C. ideal gas

D. inelastic collision

E. absolute zero

The ideal gas law states the relationship between

;

A. pressure, volume, temp, the gas constant and the # of moles

B. pressure volume, temp and amount

C. the gas constant and pressure only

D. the gas constant and volume only

At constant temp. and pressure, V is directly proportional to the

;

A. molar mass of the gas

B. # of; moles of gas

C. density of the gas at STP

D. pressure of the gas at STP

A sample of gas occupies 250 mL at 1.00 atm.; If P increases to 2.00 atm, while T remains constant, what is the new V?

;

A. 62.5 mL

B. 125 mL

C. 500 mL

D. 1000 mL

Which of the following is false?

;

A. the moving gas particles undergo perfectly elastic collisions with the walls of a container

B. The forces of attraction/repulsion between the particles are insignificant

C. The individual gas particles have no volume

D. None of the above

The substance of lesser amount in a solution

;

A. Solution

B. colloid

C. Suspension

D. Solute

E. Solvent

What you get when you mix solid NaCl with H₂O

A. Solution

B. Colloid

C. Suspension

D. Solute

E. Solvent

Fog and whipped cream are examples of this

;

A. Solution

B. Colloid

C. Suspension

D. Solute

E. Solvent

Light passes through without distortion

;

A. Solution

B. Colloid

C. Suspension

D. Solute

E. Solvent

Carbonated Water

;

A. Solution

B. Colloid

C. Suspension

D. Solute

E. Solvent

A mixture that appears to be uniform while eing stirred but separates into different phases when stirring stops is a

;

A. Solvent

B. Colloid

C. Suspension

D. Solute

The 3 types of mixtures in order of smallest particles to largest is

;

A. suspension;colloid;solution

B. colloid;solution;suspension

C. solution;colloid;suspension

D. colloid;solution;suspension

Which does NOT affect the rate at which a solid dissolves?

;

A. the pressure of a system

B. the temperature of the solvent

C. the surface area of the solid

D. the speed at which the solution is stirred

One method of of separating mixutres that relies on the differences in boiling point of the components is called

A. decanting

B. filtration

C. chromatography

D. distillation

Which of the following will produce an immiscible solution?

;

A. water and food coloring

B. water and olive oil

C. hexane (C₆H₆) and olive oil

D. None of the above

To conduct electricity, a solution must contain

;

A. nonpolar molecules

B. polar molecules

C. ions

D. free electrons

How many moles of ions are producesd when 2 moles of Na₂CO₃ dissociates?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 6

D. 7

Which of the folowing, if added to 100 mL of pure water, will have the greatest effect on the boiling point of the solution?

;A. 1 mol C₆H₁₂O₆

B. 1 mol NaPO₄

C. 1 mol Al(NO₃)₃

D. 1 mol Mg(OH)₂

Which of the following, if added to 100 mL of pure water will have the greatest effect on the freezing point of the solution?

A. .5 mol CoCl₂

B. 1.0 mol CoCl₂

C. 1.5 mol CoCl₂

D. 2.0 mol CoCl₂

A solution that contains a large concentration of solute but can hold even more solute is

;

A. unsaturate and dilute

B. saturated and dilute

C. unsaturated and concentrated

D. saturated and concentrated

True or False?

;

A substance that does not dissolve in a polar solvent is probably non-polar

True or False?

;

The Tyndall effect is when the solute particles are small enough to reflect the light shining through the solution, allowing the veiwer to see the beam of light

True or False?

;

In order to be considered a water-based solution, the solution must contain ions

True or False?

;

According to Henry's Law, the amount of gas that can dissolve in a given solvent is directly related to the pressure on the system

True or False?

;

When a solid dissolves in water, there is an overall increase in entropy

One of the products of a neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide

;

A. 0.5 M HNO₃

B. 0.01 M NaOH

C. 1.0 M NaCl

D. 0.0025 M HCN

E. 0.25 M N₂H₂

pH = 12

;

A. 0.5 M HNO₃

B. 0.01 M NaOH

C. 1.0 M NaCl

D. 0.0025 M HCN

E. 0.25 M N₂H₂

[H₃O⁺] = [HA]

;

A. 0.5 M HNO₃

B. 0.01 M NaOH

C. 1.0 M NaCl

D. 0.0025 N HCN

E. 0.25 N₂H₂

An Arrhenius base

;

A. 0.5 M HNO₃

B. 0.01 M NaOH

C. 1.0 M NaCl

D. 0.0025 M HCN

E. 0.25 M N₂H₂

HCl

;

A. A Bronsted-Lowry;acid

B. A Bronsted-Lowry base

C. BOTH a Bronsted-Lowry acid and base

D. NEITHER a Bronsted-Lowry acid or base

NaCl

;

A. A Bronsted-Lowry;acid

B. A Bronsted-Lowry base

C. BOTH a Bronsted-Lowry acid and base

D. NEITHER a Bronsted-Lowry acid or base

NH₃

;

A. A Bronsted-Lowry;acid

B. A Bronsted-Lowry base

C. BOTH a Bronsted-Lowry acid and base

D. NEITHER a Bronsted-Lowry acid or base

Mg(OH)₂;

;

A. A Bronsted-Lowry;acid

B. A Bronsted-Lowry base

C. BOTH a Bronsted-Lowry acid and base

D. NEITHER a Bronsted-Lowry acid or base

When added to pure water, which of the following substances will NOT change the pH of the solution?

;

A. HC₃H₅O₃

B. KOH

C. Mg(NO₃)₂

D. HClO₄

If the pH of a solution is decreased from 7.0 to 4.0, the [H₃O⁺] concentration

A. decreases by a factor of 3

B. decreases by a factor of 1000

C. increases by a factor of 3

D. increases by a factor of 1000

When a solution of hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc, which of the following substances is a reactant?

A. Cl^-
B. H⁺

C. H₃O⁺

D. H₂O

As the [OH^-] of a solution increases, the

;

A. [H₃O⁺] decreases

B. pOH decreases

C. pH increases

D. All of the above

The indicator congo red has a transition range of pH 3.0-5.0 and would be good to use when titrating

;

A. strong acid and strong base

B. strong acid and weak base

C. wead acid and strong base

D. weak acid and weak base

Ions that are present before and after;a neutralization reaction are

;

A. nonelectrolytes

B. metal ions

C. neutral ions

D. spectator ions

The equivalence point of any acid titrated with a base occurs when the

;

A. concentration of acid ; concentration of titrant are equal

B. mass of acid and mass of titrant are equal

C. pH of mixture of acid and titrant is 7.0

D. volume of acid and volume of titrant are equal

True or False?

;

A solution where [H₃O⁺] ; [OH^-] is considered acidic and has a pOH greater than 7

True or False?

;

The pH at the endpoint of a titration between a strong acid and a;strong base is 7.0

True or False?

;

Metals react with acids to form hydrogen gas

True or False?

;

Carbon dioxide is one of the products from the reaction between acetic acid and calcium carbonate