2.2 Basic Atomic Structure – Flashcards
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Atom
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The smallest particle of an element that still retains the chemical properties of that element.
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electrons, protons, neutrons
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3 subatomic particles atoms are made of
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electrons
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1.Possesses negative electrical charges. 2.Are found orbiting the nucleus of an atom (the electron cloud) 3.Are 1/1837th of the mass of a single proton or neutron
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protons
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1.Possess a positive electrical charge. 2.Are found clumped together within the nucleus of an atom. 3.Has a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (AMU) or 1 Dalton (Named after John Dalton.)
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neutrons
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1. Possesses no electrical charge and are therefore referred to as neutral. 2. Are also found clumped together within the nucleus an atom. 3. Has a mass of 1 AMU or 1 Dalton.
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Nuclear forces
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These are short-range proton-to-neutron OR proton-to-proton OR neutron-to-neutron attractive forces that help hold together the nucleus of an atom. These forces are greater than the repulsive same charge electrical forces exhibit by protons.
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Atomic theory 1
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All matter is composed of extremely small particles called "atoms".
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Atomic theory 2
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Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties. This has since been modified based on isotopes and ions.
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Atomic theory 3
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Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed. a. This has since been modified based upon current studies in quantum physics. Such examples include muons and quarks.
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Atomic theory 4
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Atoms of different elements combine in simple different ratios to form chemical compounds.
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Atomic theory 5
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In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged.
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Dalton's main flaws in the atomic theory
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Atoms are not indivisible. The are divisible into several subatomic particles. All atoms of a given element may not have identical properties as their masses may vary slightly (ie. isotopes).
