Question 1

Group therapy

Accepted Answer

a form of psychotherapy where multiple clients participate in sessions together and interpersonal interaction is typically emphasized

Question 2

Purpose of group therapy

Accepted Answer

groups provide clients with the sense that they are not alone in a way that individual therapy cannot

Question 3

Interpersonal interaction

Accepted Answer

an emphasis of most forms of group therapy where therapists attempt to improve clients\' abilities to relate to others in healthy ways

Question 4

focus of group therapists\' work

Accepted Answer

highlight the way group members feel, communicate, and form relationships with on another

Question 5

Irvin Yalom

Accepted Answer

a leading figure in contemporary group therapy, especially the interpersonal approach

Question 6

Yalom\'s view of group therapy

Accepted Answer

it presents the display of clients\' problematic interpersonal tendencies within a group

Question 7

Yalom\'s view of psychological problems

Accepted Answer

psychological problems stem from flawed interpersonal relationships

Question 8

Yalom\'s specific therapeutic factors for group pschotherapy

Accepted Answer

instillation of hope, universality, imparting information, altruism, corrective recapitulation of the primary family group, development of socializing techniques, imitative behavior, interpersonal learning, group cohesiveness, catharsis, existential factors

Question 9

Universality

Accepted Answer

a therapeutic factor in group therapy; the experience that one\'s problems are not unique but are common to others (putting people who experience the same problem together to discuss, which helps them share more about their struggles)

Question 10

groups within universality

Accepted Answer

homogeneous and heterogeneous groups

Question 11

Homogeneous groups

Accepted Answer

therapy groups where all members share a common characteristic such as a diagnosis

Question 12

Heterogeneous groups

Accepted Answer

therapy groups where no single common characteristic (such as a diagnosis) is shared by all members; they will often come to realize that although their symptoms may differ, the core issues that underlie them may be of smaller importance value

Question 13

Group Cohesiveness

Accepted Answer

a therapeutic factor in group therapy; feelings of interconnectedness among group members and the equivalent of the therapist-client relationship in individual therapy; it sets the stage for healing factors

Question 14

importance of group cohesiveness

Accepted Answer

it is crucial to maintain a trusting, collaborative relationship directly with the client and to foster a group where clients develop trusting, collaborative relationships with one another as well

Question 15

Interpersonal learning

Accepted Answer

a therapeutic factor in group therapy; learning from the in-group interpersonal experience

Question 16

what does this feature of group therapy provide

Accepted Answer

an opportunity for relationship practice - they form relationships with one another and work to improve them assuming that their gains will benefit their personal relationships outside the group too

Question 17

Social microcosm

Accepted Answer

a phenomenon in group therapy where the relationship tendencies that characterize clients\' relationships with important people in their personal lives (ex. mother) predictably characterize the relationships they form with their fellow group members

Question 18

here and now

Accepted Answer

a focus in group therapy on the present interpersonal interactions with fellow group members rather than events that have happened in clients\' lives outside the group

Question 19

two activities among group members to maximize the use of the here and now

Accepted Answer

interaction (he calls \"experience\") and reflection/discussion of that interaction (he calls \"illumination of process\") - through the course of interaction, group members communicate directly with one another

Question 20

process that the therapist urges clients to do

Accepted Answer

to reflect on the process of group therapy, to talk about the way clients talk to one another, and to enlighten each member about his or her interpersonal tendencies - once the client learns about their tendencies, they can decide to change them which could improve the relationships

Question 21

feedback

Accepted Answer

might drive away important people without knowing why so feedback is important - feedback usually motivated clients to change their behavior

Question 22

Practical Issues in Group Therapy

Accepted Answer

group membership; preparing clients for group therapy; developmental stages of therapy groups; cotherapists; socializing between clients

Question 23

Group membership

Accepted Answer

want just the right amount of people (5-10 clients) but many therapists find that having 7-8 members

Question 24

Open-enrollment groups

Accepted Answer

in contrast to closed-enrollment groups, therapy groups where individual members are allowed to enter or leave the group at any time

Question 25

strength of open-enrollment groups

Accepted Answer

at any point in time, the group included members at many stages of improvement; new group members use old group members as models

Question 26

Closed-enrollment groups

Accepted Answer

in contrast to open-ended groups, therapy groups where all members start and finish therapy together, with no new members added during the process; cohesiveness can be easier to establish and maintain because of the stability of membership

Question 27

why would a therapist not include a person into group therapy

Accepted Answer

if they interfere with the client\'s ability to interact with others and reflect on their interaction - including psychosis, organic brain damage, acute crisis, and pragmatic issues

Question 28

Purpose of preparation for group therapy

Accepted Answer

to correct any misconceptions and maximize therapeutic benefits

Question 29

process of preparing for therapy

Accepted Answer

hold pregroup individual meetings where therapists can explain the process and provide realistic and encouraging data about how well their therapy works for most clients; can also inform clients of the kinds of activities that will take place and the behaviors that can maximize benefits they recieve

Question 30

Developmental stages of therapy groups

Accepted Answer

initial stage - clients are cautious and concerned about whether they will be accepted into the group  competitive second stage - there is some competition for position within the social pecking order  third stage - cohesiveness forms, members feel closely connected and trusting of one another, and the group sessions become more consistently productive as clients learn about and improve on their interpersonal skills

Question 31

Cotherapist

Accepted Answer

a therapist who coleads group therapy sessions with another therapist (usually two therapists)

Question 32

advantages of a cotherapist

Accepted Answer

the presence of a second set of eyes and eats to notice the range of verbal and nonverbal communication produced by a room full of clients; the cotherapists\' ability to model collaborative relationships for group members (with the main therapist); a recapitulation of the family group (usually for clients who grew up in two-parent homes)

Question 33

Recapitulation of the family group

Accepted Answer

a phenomenon in group therapy where a group evokes the same dynamics as a client\'s family of origin (ex. therapists involving one male and one female)

Question 34

pitfalls of cotherapy

Accepted Answer

when the cotherapists don\'t trust each other, compete with each other, or step on each other by approaching group therapy with incompatible therapy methods - there styles need to be identical to work

Question 35

Socializing between clients

Accepted Answer

socializing outside of therapy is a problem for group therapists known as extra-group socializing

Question 36

Extra-group socializing

Accepted Answer

a problematic and discouraged behavior among group therapy members; interacting as friends, romantic partners, and so on outside the group sessions; the people who are socializing outside of therapy may become more loyal to one another than the other members of the group (can affect members who view this strong relationships or those within the relationship)

Question 37

Ethical issues of group therapy

Accepted Answer

confidentiality

Question 38

Confidentiality

Accepted Answer

as mandated by the code of ethics of the American Psychological Association, upholding the privacy of clinical information - the problem is that the fellow group members might violate a client\'s confidentiality, so clients must sign agreeing to keep all information heard and spoke of in that room

Question 39

consequences of a client violating the confidentiality of another

Accepted Answer

can seriously affect the professional or personal life of the client whose confidentiality has been violated - therefore many clients won\'t want to speak of their issues so therapists do their best for this not to occur

Question 40

how do therapists prevent clients from violating confidentiality

Accepted Answer

exemplifying impeccable behavior regarding confidentiality, frequent reminders about confidentiality, and group discussion of any confidentiality violations that do occur

Question 41

How well does group therapy work

Accepted Answer

group therapy is better than having no treatment and is as effective as individual therapy; only a select few of disorders are found to be effectively diminished by using group therapy; cohesiveness within the group is a major contributor to successful outcome in group therapy (group therapy is also less expensive)

Question 42

Family therapy

Accepted Answer

a form of psychotherapy where family members attend sessions together and a primary goal is the improvement of dysfunctional characteristics of the family system

Question 43

therapists beliefs of psychological symptoms

Accepted Answer

that psychological symptoms were a byproduct of the dysfunctional families where the clients lived - one person may exhibit the symptoms but the problem actually belonged to the entire system

Question 44

Systems approach

Accepted Answer

a foundation of family therapy where clinical problems originate in the family system rather than in an individual family member; of this system, circular causality explains psychological problems better than linear causality does - therapists believe that a relationship is maintained over time no matter the problem by mutually influential, ongoing interaction between family members

Question 45

Linear Causality

Accepted Answer

in contrast to circular causality, a theory typically endorsed by individual therapists where events from the past cause or determine events in the present in a \"one-way street\" manner (the way a parent treats a child influences the child\'s behavior

Question 46

Circular causality

Accepted Answer

in contrast to linear causality, a theory typically endorsed by family therapists where events influence one another in a reciprocal way (a parent\'s and child\'s behavior each affect the other continuously = \"two-way street\")

Question 47

what most significantly contributes to psychological problems

Accepted Answer

unhealthy communication patterns among family members

Question 48

Communication patterns

Accepted Answer

an area commonly targeted by family therapists as the source of psychological symptoms and an area for improvement in family therapy

Question 49

Functionalism

Accepted Answer

in family therapy, the belief that although psychological symptoms may appear maladaptive, they are in fact functional within the family environment of the individual (ex. parents fighting then child has psychological issue that wasn\'t planned but helps the parents work together more)

Question 50

Homeostasis

Accepted Answer

in family therapy, the notion that systems have the ability to regulate themselves by returning themselves to a comfort zone or \"set point\"

Question 51

therapists belief of homeostasis

Accepted Answer

if the symptoms effectively return the family to a more familiar, comfortable, safe way of interacting, they have served a valuable and often unrecognized function within the family

Question 52

How does family therapy begin

Accepted Answer

with a thorough assessment of the family\'s functioning and continues throughout therapy

Question 53

the usual assessment practice

Accepted Answer

focus on such issues as defining the presenting problem, understanding family members\' beliefs about its causes, and appreciating the relationships within the family (the practices can vary according to the particular approach to family therapy that the therapist uses)

Question 54

important step when assessing a family

Accepted Answer

to asses who the family includes (some include many aunts and cousins, some include the immediate family) - asking who do you consider family can go a long way and help the therapist get a better perception of family (the differences if the concept of family may be the major problem for them)

Question 55

helpful technique for understanding relationships within a family

Accepted Answer

genogram

Question 56

Genogram

Accepted Answer

a pencil-and-paper assessment technique in family therapy involving the creation of a family tree that incorporated detailed information about the relationships among family members (including the structure of relationships - marriages and babies - and quality - very close or abusive etc.)

Question 57

how is everything represented in genograms

Accepted Answer

males are boxes, females are circles, relationships are lines between two people, quality of relationships are the types of lines selected

Question 58

Positives of genograms

Accepted Answer

helpful to understand the complexities of the family and the process of creating a genogram can also be a constructive way for the therapist to engage with the family and begin to establish a healthy relationship

Question 59

Family life cycle

Accepted Answer

a seven-stage theory of family development that can be modified to account for the wide variety of families that a family therapist may see; created by Betty Carter and Monica McGoldrick; realizing the variations of a family and the cycle created following the knowledge, therapists have a useful starting point when working with families

Question 60

1. Leaving home

Accepted Answer

single young adults become independent and self-sufficent

Question 61

2. Joining of families through marriage or union

Accepted Answer

a new couple forms a new family system, and the spouse is incorporated into existing family systems

Question 62

3. Families with young children

Accepted Answer

taking care of children; adjusting the marriage; and managing child-related, financial, and other responsibilities are among the primary tasks

Question 63

4. families with adolescents

Accepted Answer

parents provide children with increasing amounts of independence and may adopt caretaking roles for their own parents as well

Question 64

5. launching children and moving on in midlife

Accepted Answer

adjusting to the \"empty nest\", managing relationships with children\'s partners, and taking on the grandparent role are central

16. Group and Family Therapy – Flashcards

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