Democracy Flashcards
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Nationalism
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Feeling of unity among people. Most nationalists supported a strong central government, and became federalists.
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Mt. Vernon Conference
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Meeting of delegates. They met in George Washington's house. Drafted the US. Dealt with commerce, fishing, and navigation in the Chesapeake Bay.
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Annapolis Convention
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Met in Annapolis, Maryland. 12 delegates from 5 states. The meeting really only accomplished setting up the next one the following year.
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Constitutional Convention
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Aka the Philadelphia Convention. It was called to fix the Articles of Confederation, but ended up making a new document, the constitution.
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Patrick Henry "smelt a rat"
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He did not support the constitution, although he is usually said to be at the meeting. He said he "smelt a rat" meaning that he did not trust the meeting.
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Virginia Plan, James Madison
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Proposed at the Constitutional Convention by James Madison. He said the number of representatives should be elected by the population of each state.
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New Jersey Plan, William Paterson
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He said that the number of representatives should be equal for all states.
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Great Compromise - Roger Sherman
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He created the bicameral legislature as a compromise between the New Jersey and the Virginia Plans
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Bicameral Legislature
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A legislature that consists of two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives.
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Three-Fifths Compromise
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The south wanted all the slaves to be counted in their population, because they had many more slaves than white people, and wanted to have more representation in the house of representatives. It was eventually settled that for every 5 slaves, 3 people would be added to the population.
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Slave-Trade Compromise
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Said that after 20 years, Congress would outlaw the international slave trade, which they did in 1808.
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Commerce Compromise
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Created taxes on imported goods, and outlawed taxes on exports.
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Council of Revisions
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A committee that met to finalize the wording of the Constitution.
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Constitutional Monarchy
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A type of government where there is a monarch that is head of the state, but they limited by a constitution. This is what Britain had for a form of government, so America did not want that. Alexander Hamilton proposed a monarch, but did not represent the views of the majority.
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Electoral College
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Men and women elected as representatives for their states political parties. They formally elect both the president and vice president. The party that gets the most electoral votes gets to cast their electoral votes for the president.
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"Father of the Constitution"
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Nickname given to James Madison, because he was the author of the constitution.
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Federalists
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Major political party until the 1800s. They were in favor of the constitution and a strong central government. They favored wealthy businessmen interests, and had a foreign policy similar to the British. ex. Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, and George Washington.
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Anti-Federalists
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A group of people against the constitution, and a strong central government. They were later known as the Democratic-Republican party. ex. Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry
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The Federalist Papers
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85 essays supporting the passage of the constitution. Authors were James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, but were anonymous.
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Federalist #10
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Essay written by James Madison for the federalist papers. Questioned how to guard against political parties (factions). One fo the most famous federalist papers.
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The Anti-Federalist Papers
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Also a set of essays written, but these were written against the passage of the constitution. These were much less organized, and were more like opinions than facts.
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Ratification
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The Constitution only needed 9 states to agree, but in order to prevent conflict, the Constitution really needed to have all 13. All the votes were won by adding a Bill of Rights to the Constitution.
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Bill of Rights
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The first 10 amendments of the Constitution. They were required because anti-federalists like George Mason would not sign the Constitution without them, in fear that having a strong central government would take away their freedoms.
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"Mr President"
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What George Washington wanted to be called, instead of "Your Highness." The name still stands today.
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George Washington-Man of the People?
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He was not. He was reserved and solemn. He chose to ride in town by horse drawn carriage, escorted by liverymen. He delivered his addresses to Congress personally, like British royal officials.
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The First Cabinet (State, Treasury, War, Attorney General)
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Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State. Alexander Hamilton ran the Treasury. Henry Knox was head of the War Dept. Edmund Randolph was Attorney General.
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Judiciary Act of 1789
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This set up a system of federal courts. Most important piece of legislation to emerge fromt the first session of congress.
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John Jay
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First chief of Supreme Court. Although there were few cases in the first decade, he still managed to raise controversy. He helped form our Foreign Policy, and secure peace terms with Britain in 1794 with Jay's Treaty of 1794.
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Chisholm vs. Georgia
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The first major case to reach the US supreme court. Two South Carolina residents sued the state of Georgia. Georgia refused to show up, saying that they were an independent state, and could not be sued unless they consented to it.
