World War 1: 1914-1919 – Flashcards

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1. Imperialism 2. Militarism 3. Nationalism
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Causes of World War 1
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When a nation builds an empire by taking over smaller less powerful countries.
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Imperialsim
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Glorification of the military.
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Militarism
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Having pride in your nation or ethnic group.
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Nationalism
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Once multiple countries align with one another, it creates a situation where all of those countries have to go to war if only one of them declares war or has war declared upon them.
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How did the alliance systems cause the war to escalate?
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The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
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What important event sparked the beginning of World War 1?
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Britain France Russia
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What countries made up the Allies?
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Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire
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What countries made up The Central Powers?
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1. Franz Ferdinand is assassinated 2. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia 3. Russia mobilizes 4. Germany declares war on Russia 5. Germany declares war on France 6. Germany declares neutral Belgium 7. Great Britain declares war on Germany
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The 7 Steps that Led to War
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It was the first battle of the war, and it ended in a stalemate that lasted for 3 years.
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What was the 1st Battle of the Marne important?
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Soldiers fight on opposing sides from dugout trenches.
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Trench Warfare
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Airplanes - Armored Tanks - Rapid Fire Machine Guns - Heavy Artillery - Poison Gas
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What new technological advances increased the death toll in WW1?
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"strict and impartial neutrality"
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What stance did America first take in the war?
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The spread of information designed to convince readers to pick a side.
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Propaganda
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It angered Americans and it began convincing them to favor war.
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What was the impact of propaganda on civilians during war time?
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The war made trade dangerous. It interrupted American trade with Germany due to blockades set up but Great Britain.
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What impact was the war having on trade?
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They were enraged but they also feared that there would be further attacks.
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How did Americans feel when a U-boat sank the Lusitania?
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A German telegram to Mexico, encouraging them to join the war, but only if the United States declared war first. The telegram also stated that Germany would continue unrestricted submarine warfare.
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The Zimmerman Telegram
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The overthrow of the dictator allowed Woodrow Wilson to feel justified in joining the Allies.
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How did the Russian Revolution influence America's decision to join the war?
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To make the world safe for democracy.
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What was Woodrow Wilson's goal when he declared war against the Central Powers?
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Prepare for war.
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Mobilize
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A law that required all young men between the ages of 21-30 to register for the military draft.
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Selective Service Act
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Served as U.S. Army and U.S. Navy Nurse Corps. Served as U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps in clerical positions.
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How did women join the war effort?
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Formed the "Women's Peace Party".
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Jane Addams
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First woman elected to Congress. She opposed the war and stated that if she couldn't go to war, then she wouldn't send anyone else to war.
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Jeannette Rankin
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She urged women to support the work force because she believed that their wartime service would help them win the right to vote.
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Carrie Chapman Catt
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1/5 of recruits were born in foreign lands, while others were children of immigrants. Native Americans also volunteered to support the war even though they weren't required to sign up for the draft.
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Diversity in the Military
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African Americans were placed in all black units, they were confined to noncombat duties such as: unloading ships, working in kitchens, and constructing barracks.
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Treatment of African Americans in the Military
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1/4 of recruits were illiterate . Many of them were poor, they didn't eat three meals a day, they didn't keep up with personal hygiene and they didn't have indoor plumbing. The army taught them how to read and fight, as well as lessons in personal hygiene, nutrition, and patriotism.
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What problems did many recruits faced when they entered the service and how did the army help these recruits?
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He was chosen by the president to head the new Food Administration. He was to ensure that soldiers and civilians had enough food. He encouraged Wheatless Mondays, Meatless Tuesdays, and Victory Gardens.
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Herbert Hoover
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This was set up by Woodrow Wilson to manage and meet the needs of the war supplies. It determined what to produce, how much to produce, how much to charge, and who would receive certain resources.
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War Industries Board
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Women and African Americans
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Who filled the jobs that opened up due to the labor shortage during wartime?
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Men hired by the Committee on PUblic information to drum up support for the war. There were 75,000 "Four-Minute" men that gave four minute speeches at ball parks and movie theaters.
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The "Four-Minute" Men
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They sold liberty bonds, promoted by movie stars to cover the costs of the war.
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How did the government pay for the war?
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These Acts were passed to stop criticism of the war. Under these Acts the government was able to close newspapers and jail those that showed opposition to the war.
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Espionage & Sedition Acts
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A labor leader and socialist candidate for president that was arrested for urging workers not to support the war effort.
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Eugene V. Debs
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This group spied on people by opening their mail, tapping their phone lines, and looking into their medical records.
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American Protective League
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This group of people was treated very badly during and after the war. Some of them were tarred and feathered, and others were shunned or attacked. Schools even stopped teaching the German language.
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How were German-American citizens affected by the United States involvement in the war?
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Between February and April of 1917, Germany had sank 844 of the Allied vessels and it was predicted that Germany would win unless the flow of supplies from America increased.
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Why were the Allies desperate in April of 1917?
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A large group of merchant vessels sailing together.
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Convoy
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The developed a convoy system of merchant vessels that were protected by Allied destroyers.
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How did the Allies counteract German unrestricted submarine warfare?
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This man was chosen to go overseas and command the American Expeditionary Force. He wanted American troops to fight alone, rather than with the European forces.
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John J. Pershing
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The troops arrived in June 1917. They were not prepared to fight, but were there to boost the morale of the French troops.
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When did the U.S. troops arrive in France and what was their purpose?
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1. A 3 month long British offensive on the Western Front had stopped in the middle of Belgium. 2. Austria-Hungary and Germany had a major victory in the South.
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What two setbacks did the Allies face in 1917?
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The leader of the Bolsheviks that seized the Russian government in November 1917. He immediately pulled Russia out of World War 1.
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Vladimir Lenin
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A German thinker that predicted that workers around the world would you unite to overthrow the ruling classes.
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Karl Marx
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An economic and political system based on the idea that social classes and property rights be eliminated.
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Communism
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A treaty made between Russia and Germany that gave Germany ~30% of Russia's territory.
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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The treated allowed Germany to move forty of its divisions to the Western Front.
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The Impact of the Treat of Brest-Litovsk
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A set of daring attacks intended to defeat the Allies quickly and bring peace on German terms.
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Germany's "Peace Offensive"
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- America & France v Germany - Allies were successful in their first battle and found new strength.
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Battle: Chateau-Theirry and Belleau Wood
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- Allies v Germany - The Allies were gaining control in the war and Germany was beginning to lose it.
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2nd Battle of the Marne
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- America & France v Germany - This assault caused the German troops to crumble.
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Battle of the Argonne Forest
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1. Influenza 2. Deprivation of Supplies
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What two things weakened the German will to fight?
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A halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin.
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Armistice
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1. France and Britain dictacted the terms. 2. The terms: Germany had to pull back its troops on the Western Front, they had to cancel the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and they had to hand over all of their U-boats.
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Who dictated the terms of the November 1918 Armistice and what did these countries require of Germany?
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This person was ordered by President Wilson to step down. They feld to Holland, and from there, gave up the thrown.
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Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany
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- 10 million military personnel lost their lives. - Europe lost an entire generation of men. - American lost 50,000 combatants in less than a year. - Northern France lay in ruins. - Millions of children were left orphaned.
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Impacts of World War 1
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Prevent future wars.
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Overall Goal of the Fourteen Points
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1. Eliminate secret international agreements. 2. Freedom of the seas. 3. Free trade. 4. Decrease in the world's military. 5. Settlement of colonial claims.
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The First 5 Points of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points
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The right of a group to decide its own form of government. Wilson believed that one of the major causes of the war was the lack of peoples ability to govern themselves.
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Self-Determination
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Called for the creation of an international organization to maintain and ensure world peace.
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Point #14 of the Fourteen Points
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Consisted of President Wilson and the Prime Ministers of France, Britain and Italy. (The Allies)
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The "Big Four"
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1. Took away Germany's border territories. 2. Stripped Germany of its colonies. 3. Germany was forced to take full responsibility for the war. 4. Germany had to pay reparations to the Allies. 5. Germany had to limit its military.
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The Terms of the Treaty of Versailles
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This person lead the opposition of the Treaty of Versailles in the Senate. He felt that the League of Nations would restrict the rights o the U.S. to act independently.
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Henry Cabot Lodge
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Without the United States, the League of Nations was crippled, and the organization was unable to prevent future world crisis.
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The Impact of the Absence of the U.S. from the League of Nations
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Influenza
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What was the biggest killer of WW1?
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Unemployment rates skyrocketed. Prices increased, along with a demand for higher wages. 20% of the American work force went on strike.
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What was the impact of peacetime on employment rates?
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The fear of a communist revolution to be led by Lenin.
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"Red Scare"
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An attorney general that deported immigrants with radical views.
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General A. Mitchell Palmer & The Palmer Raids
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