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World Studies Exam – Flashcards

Margaret Bruce

7 July 2022

question

What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behavior?

answer

Natural Law

question

In A Vindication of the the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal...

answer

education

question

Physiocrats supported a government policy of:

answer

laissez faire

question

Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they:

answer

challenged the old order

question

An enlightened despot was a ruler who:

answer

influenced political and social change

question

Which enlightened despot traveled among the peasants in disguise to learn about their problems?

answer

Joseph II

question

Because the American colonies were home to diverse religious and ethnic groups:

answer

social distinctions were more blurred than in Europe

question

Britain passed the Navigation Acts to:

answer

regulate colonial trade and manufacturing.

question

The Battle of Saratoga marked a turning point in the American revolution because:

answer

the american victory convinced france to support the revolution

question

American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise:

answer

the Articles of Confederation

question

Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the:

answer

scientific revolution

question

According to Thomas hobbes, the best form of government was:

answer

an absolute monarchy

question

The system of checks and balances in the US Constitution was influenced by the ideas of which enlightened thinker:

answer

montesquieu

question

Diderot's Encyclopedia was important because it:

answer

spread Enlightenment ideas.

question

Economist Adam Smith argued that, in free market, business activity would be regulated by the forces of:

answer

supply and demand.

question

What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard the natural rights of the people?

answer

John Locke

question

What statement best describes Voltaire's novel Candide?

answer

exposes corruption and hypocrisy

question

Enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by:

answer

disguising their ideas as fiction.

question

Elegant compositions by Handel, Haydn, and Mozart reflected a new musical style of the Enlightenment known as:

answer

classical.

question

During the Enlightenment, what argument did government and church officials use to justify their war of censorship?

answer

God set up the old order

question

In the 1700s, British merchants gained enormous wealth by dominating what type of trade with Spanish America?

answer

Slaves.

question

Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items such as newspapers and pamphlets in the American colonies?

answer

Stamp Act

question

What was an advantage of the colonists in the American Revolution?

answer

diverse geography

question

The Constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between:

answer

national and state governments

question

The idea of separation of powers in the Constitution was borrowed from what Enlightenment thinker?

answer

Montesquieu

question

In France's old order, the clergy belonged to what estate?

answer

First Estate

question

Louis XVI was forced to dismiss his financial adviser, Jacques Necker, when Necker proposed what idea?

answer

Taxing the 1st and 2nd estates

question

One important result of the Estates- General was what?

answer

The National Assembly

question

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was modeled after what?

answer

American Declaration of Independence

question

The National Assembly voted to pay off the huge government debt by:

answer

selling Church lands

question

When the new national convention met in 1792, what form of government did the radicals create?

answer

a republic

question

The Reign of Terror gave way to the Directory phase of the revolution in which the dominant political force was the:

answer

bourgeoisie

question

Which country was able to remain outside of Napoleon's European empire?

answer

Britain

question

What war tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon?

answer

scorched-earth policy

question

The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by:

answer

restoring hereditary monarchies

question

In France's old order, what made up the bourgeoisie?

answer

merchants

question

In 1789, the delegates to the Estates-General that broke away and declared themselves to be the National Assembly were from what estate?

answer

Third

question

Participants in the Tennis Court Oath swore to continue meeting until they were able to bring about what?

answer

a just constitution

question

Who were the poorest members of the Third estate?

answer

Urban workers

question

The women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to:

answer

return to Paris

question

What form of government did the National Assembly create with the Constitution of 1791?

answer

a limited monarchy

question

In the declaration of Pilnitz, the king of Prussia and emperor of Austria:

answer

threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy.

question

When the radicals took control of the Legislative Assembly in the fall of 1792, they extended voting rights to:

answer

all male citizens

question

Robespierre believed that France could achieve a "republic of virtue" only through:

answer

the use of terror.

question

During the Reign of Terror, trials and executions were carried out under the authority of:

answer

the Committee of Public Safety

question

After overthrowing the Directory in 1799, Napoleon and his followers set up a three-man governing board called the:

answer

Consulate

question

Under the Napoleonic Code:

answer

men regained complete authority over their wives

question

The Continental System was a form of:

answer

economic warfare

question

Napoleon's final defeat was at the:

answer

Battle of Waterloo

question

A major goal of the decision makers at the Congress of Vienna was to:

answer

suppress revolutionary uprisings throughout Europe.

question

During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?

answer

People migrated from rural areas to cities.

question

The cotton gin was a machine that could:

answer

separate seeds from raw cotton

question

The first factories developed in what industry?

answer

textiles

question

The Luddites were a:

answer

labor organization

question

In the early 1700s, Abraham Darby's experiment led him to:

answer

produce less expensive, better-quality iron

question

Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations because:

answer

disease was natural means of population control.

question

Which of the following best describes David Ricardo's "Iron Law of Wages?"

answer

Wage increases will not raise the standard of living of poor families.

question

"The greatest happiness for the greatest numbers," was a goal of:

answer

utilitarianism

question

German socialists formed a social democracy in the 1860's in order to transition gradually:

answer

from capitalism to socialism

question

Karl Marx despised capitalism because he believed that it:

answer

created prosperity for a few and poverty for many.

question

Land enclosure in the 1600s and 1700s resulted in:

answer

larger farms

question

Abraham Darby made better quality iron by:

answer

using coal to smelt the iron.

question

Steam became an efficient power source because of improvements made by:

answer

James Watt

question

The slave trade contributed to the rise of industry in Britain by:

answer

bringing in investment capital.

question

The development of steam power enabled the growth of:

answer

railroads

question

In what way were railroads an improvement over canals?

answer

Railroads did not have to follow the course of a river.

question

The putting-out system was a method of:

answer

producing cloth in individual homes

question

The people who lived in tenements in industrial cities were a part of:

answer

the working class

question

Laws called "factory acts" were passed in the early 1800s to:

answer

reform child labor.

question

Most early factory workers were women because:

answer

employers could pay women less than men.

question

Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

a general rise in the standard of living

question

According to the laissez-faire economists, the cure for poverty was:

answer

an unrestricted market.

question

Jeremy Bentham believed that:

answer

laws should be judged by whether they bring more pleasure than pain.

question

According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was:

answer

shared ownership by the people of the means of production

question

Which group established communities where all work is shared and all property is owned in common?

answer

Utopians

question

The Concert of Europe was an agreement to:

answer

support the old order

question

The ideas of liberals were sometimes called "bourgeois liberalism" because liberals spoke mostly for the:

answer

middle class.

question

Creating a homeland for people who shared a common heritage was a major goal of:

answer

nationalists

question

After independence, Britain, France, and Russia pressured the Greeks to accept a German king because:

answer

the European powers did not support the revolution's nationalist ideas.

question

In 1815, why did the Congress of Vienna unite the Austrian Netherlands and the Kingdom of Holland?

answer

The Congress wanted to create a strong barrier to French expansion.

question

What major event occurred during "February Days" in France in 1848?

answer

Louis Philippe abdicated.

question

During the "June Days" in France, why did they peasants attack protesting socialist workers?

answer

They feared the socialists would take their land.

question

Toussaint L'Ouverture led a revolt that eventually resulted in independence for:

answer

Haiti

question

Father Miguel Hidalgo's "el Grito de Dolores" was a:

answer

call to fight for Mexican independence

question

What event spurred Simon Bolivar and his followers to begin to begin the struggle for independence?

answer

Napoleon's occupation of Spain

question

What event in Europe in 1808 encouraged widespread rebellion in Latin America?

answer

Napoleon ousted the Spanish King

question

Conservatives of the early 1800s believed in

answer

the restoration of monarchies

question

Liberals strongly supported laissez-faire economics as the best way to:

answer

help businesses succeed.

question

Milos Obrenovie was able to win Russian support for Serb independence because:

answer

the Russians and the Serbs shared a common language and religion.

question

Louis Philippe was called the "citizen king" because:

answer

he owed his throne to the people.

question

The Second Republic in France ended when:

answer

Louis Napoleon became emperor

question

What was the result of the 1830 revolt in Poland?

answer

Russian forces crushed the revolt.

question

What contributed to the overwhelming majority of French voters that supported Louis Napoleon and his second empire?

answer

Many voters thought a monarchy was more stable than a republic

question

Uprising sparked by the dismantling of the Charter of French Liberties forced the abdication of:

answer

Charles X

question

In the 1700s, Latin American political and social life was dominated by:

answer

the peninsulares

question

What was a goal of revolutionaries in the Italian states in 1848?

answer

to end hapsburg domination and set up constitutional governments

question

For a short time after liberation from Spanish rule, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama were a part of a single nation called:

answer

Gran Colombia

question

Unlike revolutions in other Latin American countries, Haiti's fight for freedom was:

answer

carried out by slaves.

question

Which revolutionary leader helped Argentina win freedom from Spain?

answer

Jose de San Martin

1 of

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers

question

What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behavior?

answer

Natural Law

question

In A Vindication of the the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal...

answer

education

question

Physiocrats supported a government policy of:

answer

laissez faire

question

Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they:

answer

challenged the old order

question

An enlightened despot was a ruler who:

answer

influenced political and social change

question

Which enlightened despot traveled among the peasants in disguise to learn about their problems?

answer

Joseph II

question

Because the American colonies were home to diverse religious and ethnic groups:

answer

social distinctions were more blurred than in Europe

question

Britain passed the Navigation Acts to:

answer

regulate colonial trade and manufacturing.

question

The Battle of Saratoga marked a turning point in the American revolution because:

answer

the american victory convinced france to support the revolution

question

American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise:

answer

the Articles of Confederation

question

Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the:

answer

scientific revolution

question

According to Thomas hobbes, the best form of government was:

answer

an absolute monarchy

question

The system of checks and balances in the US Constitution was influenced by the ideas of which enlightened thinker:

answer

montesquieu

question

Diderot's Encyclopedia was important because it:

answer

spread Enlightenment ideas.

question

Economist Adam Smith argued that, in free market, business activity would be regulated by the forces of:

answer

supply and demand.

question

What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard the natural rights of the people?

answer

John Locke

question

What statement best describes Voltaire's novel Candide?

answer

exposes corruption and hypocrisy

question

Enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by:

answer

disguising their ideas as fiction.

question

Elegant compositions by Handel, Haydn, and Mozart reflected a new musical style of the Enlightenment known as:

answer

classical.

question

During the Enlightenment, what argument did government and church officials use to justify their war of censorship?

answer

God set up the old order

question

In the 1700s, British merchants gained enormous wealth by dominating what type of trade with Spanish America?

answer

Slaves.

question

Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items such as newspapers and pamphlets in the American colonies?

answer

Stamp Act

question

What was an advantage of the colonists in the American Revolution?

answer

diverse geography

question

The Constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between:

answer

national and state governments

question

The idea of separation of powers in the Constitution was borrowed from what Enlightenment thinker?

answer

Montesquieu

question

In France's old order, the clergy belonged to what estate?

answer

First Estate

question

Louis XVI was forced to dismiss his financial adviser, Jacques Necker, when Necker proposed what idea?

answer

Taxing the 1st and 2nd estates

question

One important result of the Estates- General was what?

answer

The National Assembly

question

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was modeled after what?

answer

American Declaration of Independence

question

The National Assembly voted to pay off the huge government debt by:

answer

selling Church lands

question

When the new national convention met in 1792, what form of government did the radicals create?

answer

a republic

question

The Reign of Terror gave way to the Directory phase of the revolution in which the dominant political force was the:

answer

bourgeoisie

question

Which country was able to remain outside of Napoleon's European empire?

answer

Britain

question

What war tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon?

answer

scorched-earth policy

question

The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by:

answer

restoring hereditary monarchies

question

In France's old order, what made up the bourgeoisie?

answer

merchants

question

In 1789, the delegates to the Estates-General that broke away and declared themselves to be the National Assembly were from what estate?

answer

Third

question

Participants in the Tennis Court Oath swore to continue meeting until they were able to bring about what?

answer

a just constitution

question

Who were the poorest members of the Third estate?

answer

Urban workers

question

The women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to:

answer

return to Paris

question

What form of government did the National Assembly create with the Constitution of 1791?

answer

a limited monarchy

question

In the declaration of Pilnitz, the king of Prussia and emperor of Austria:

answer

threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy.

question

When the radicals took control of the Legislative Assembly in the fall of 1792, they extended voting rights to:

answer

all male citizens

question

Robespierre believed that France could achieve a "republic of virtue" only through:

answer

the use of terror.

question

During the Reign of Terror, trials and executions were carried out under the authority of:

answer

the Committee of Public Safety

question

After overthrowing the Directory in 1799, Napoleon and his followers set up a three-man governing board called the:

answer

Consulate

question

Under the Napoleonic Code:

answer

men regained complete authority over their wives

question

The Continental System was a form of:

answer

economic warfare

question

Napoleon's final defeat was at the:

answer

Battle of Waterloo

question

A major goal of the decision makers at the Congress of Vienna was to:

answer

suppress revolutionary uprisings throughout Europe.

question

During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?

answer

People migrated from rural areas to cities.

question

The cotton gin was a machine that could:

answer

separate seeds from raw cotton

question

The first factories developed in what industry?

answer

textiles

question

The Luddites were a:

answer

labor organization

question

In the early 1700s, Abraham Darby's experiment led him to:

answer

produce less expensive, better-quality iron

question

Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations because:

answer

disease was natural means of population control.

question

Which of the following best describes David Ricardo's "Iron Law of Wages?"

answer

Wage increases will not raise the standard of living of poor families.

question

"The greatest happiness for the greatest numbers," was a goal of:

answer

utilitarianism

question

German socialists formed a social democracy in the 1860's in order to transition gradually:

answer

from capitalism to socialism

question

Karl Marx despised capitalism because he believed that it:

answer

created prosperity for a few and poverty for many.

question

Land enclosure in the 1600s and 1700s resulted in:

answer

larger farms

question

Abraham Darby made better quality iron by:

answer

using coal to smelt the iron.

question

Steam became an efficient power source because of improvements made by:

answer

James Watt

question

The slave trade contributed to the rise of industry in Britain by:

answer

bringing in investment capital.

question

The development of steam power enabled the growth of:

answer

railroads

question

In what way were railroads an improvement over canals?

answer

Railroads did not have to follow the course of a river.

question

The putting-out system was a method of:

answer

producing cloth in individual homes

question

The people who lived in tenements in industrial cities were a part of:

answer

the working class

question

Laws called "factory acts" were passed in the early 1800s to:

answer

reform child labor.

question

Most early factory workers were women because:

answer

employers could pay women less than men.

question

Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

a general rise in the standard of living

question

According to the laissez-faire economists, the cure for poverty was:

answer

an unrestricted market.

question

Jeremy Bentham believed that:

answer

laws should be judged by whether they bring more pleasure than pain.

question

According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was:

answer

shared ownership by the people of the means of production

question

Which group established communities where all work is shared and all property is owned in common?

answer

Utopians

question

The Concert of Europe was an agreement to:

answer

support the old order

question

The ideas of liberals were sometimes called "bourgeois liberalism" because liberals spoke mostly for the:

answer

middle class.

question

Creating a homeland for people who shared a common heritage was a major goal of:

answer

nationalists

question

After independence, Britain, France, and Russia pressured the Greeks to accept a German king because:

answer

the European powers did not support the revolution's nationalist ideas.

question

In 1815, why did the Congress of Vienna unite the Austrian Netherlands and the Kingdom of Holland?

answer

The Congress wanted to create a strong barrier to French expansion.

question

What major event occurred during "February Days" in France in 1848?

answer

Louis Philippe abdicated.

question

During the "June Days" in France, why did they peasants attack protesting socialist workers?

answer

They feared the socialists would take their land.

question

Toussaint L'Ouverture led a revolt that eventually resulted in independence for:

answer

Haiti

question

Father Miguel Hidalgo's "el Grito de Dolores" was a:

answer

call to fight for Mexican independence

question

What event spurred Simon Bolivar and his followers to begin to begin the struggle for independence?

answer

Napoleon's occupation of Spain

question

What event in Europe in 1808 encouraged widespread rebellion in Latin America?

answer

Napoleon ousted the Spanish King

question

Conservatives of the early 1800s believed in

answer

the restoration of monarchies

question

Liberals strongly supported laissez-faire economics as the best way to:

answer

help businesses succeed.

question

Milos Obrenovie was able to win Russian support for Serb independence because:

answer

the Russians and the Serbs shared a common language and religion.

question

Louis Philippe was called the "citizen king" because:

answer

he owed his throne to the people.

question

The Second Republic in France ended when:

answer

Louis Napoleon became emperor

question

What was the result of the 1830 revolt in Poland?

answer

Russian forces crushed the revolt.

question

What contributed to the overwhelming majority of French voters that supported Louis Napoleon and his second empire?

answer

Many voters thought a monarchy was more stable than a republic

question

Uprising sparked by the dismantling of the Charter of French Liberties forced the abdication of:

answer

Charles X

question

In the 1700s, Latin American political and social life was dominated by:

answer

the peninsulares

question

What was a goal of revolutionaries in the Italian states in 1848?

answer

to end hapsburg domination and set up constitutional governments

question

For a short time after liberation from Spanish rule, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama were a part of a single nation called:

answer

Gran Colombia

question

Unlike revolutions in other Latin American countries, Haiti's fight for freedom was:

answer

carried out by slaves.

question

Which revolutionary leader helped Argentina win freedom from Spain?

answer

Jose de San Martin

World Studies Exam – Flashcards

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