World Religions Chapter 6 crossword puzzle – Flashcards
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What is a person called who renounces material comforts to live a self-disciplined life?
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Ascetic
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What is life filled with?
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Suffering
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What is the entire community of monks, nuns, and lay persons called?
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Sangha
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What is the Buddhist doctrine of "no soul" or "not self" that means permanent, unchanging, independent self does not exist, though people act as if it does?
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Anatma
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Where was Gautama's first sermon preached about the Four Noble Truths?
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Sarnath
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Who was the Trapist monk who attended a meeting of Buddhist and Catholic monks in Bangkok?
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Thomas Merton
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What is the Buddhist teaching that says liberation from samsara comes neither through severe ascetical practices nor through wild indulgences?
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Middle Way
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What is the most holy day of the year for Theravada Buddhists?
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Visakha, "Buddha Day"
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What is the Mahayana Buddhist text where Enlightenment is made available not only to monastics, but to all because of the great compassion of bodhisattvas?
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Lotus Sutra
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What is the process whereby the mind is cleared of all worldly concerns so that the person can concentrate on God?
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Meditation
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What empire controlled the Indian subcontinent from the 8th to 12th centuries?
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Pala Dynasty
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What is the authoritative Buddhism scripture of Theravada Buddhists?
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Pali Canon
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What empire ruled India with political peace and prosperity from 240 to 550 C.E.?
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Gupta Dynasty
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What is a being that compassionately refrains from entering nirvana in order to save others called?
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Bodhisattva
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What is the spiritual goal for all Buddhists?
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Nirvana
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What Tibetan book contains the more popular scripture within Vajrayana Buddhism?
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Book of the Dead
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What religion was Siddhartha Gautama born into?
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Hindu
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Who was the Christian missionary in China?
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Mateo Ricci
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Who is the head lama of Tibetan Buddhism who was the spiritual and political leader of Tibet until its takeover by Chinese communist leaders?
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Dalai Lama
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What are the items of religious devotion, especially a piece of the body or personal items of an important religious figure called?
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Relics
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What are the early Buddhist scriptures called?
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Tripitaka
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What did Siddhartha see that his father tried to shield from him?
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Four Sights 1. old age 2. illness 3. death 4. ascetic
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Where is the traditional place of the death of Gautama?
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Kushinara
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What was originally small mounds made of stone or brick that housed relics of the historical Buddha called?
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Stupas
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Where did Siddhartha the Buddha arrive at enlightenment?
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Bodhi Tree
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What is the basic moral standard by which all Buddhists are to live by called?
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Five Precepts
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What is a reminder of what good conduct brings?
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Incense
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What are conservative monks called?
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Sthaviras
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What points to the impermanence of life?
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Flowers
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Who is the founder of Buddhism?
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Siddhartha Gautama
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What is the worship service to honor the deity held in homes and temples called?
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Puja
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What is an offering that dispels the darkness of delusion and ignorance?
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Candlelight
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Where can the story of Buddha's birth and attainment of Nirvana found?
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Pitaka
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What branch of Buddhism accommodates a greater number of people from all walks of life?
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Mahayana Buddhism
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What is a sign of purity?
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Water
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What are the towers in eastern Asia, usually with roofs curving upward; erected as temples or memorials called?
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Pagodas
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What is the prominent branch of Buddhism in Tibet?
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Vajrayana Buddhism
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In Theravada Buddhism, what refers to one who has attained Nirvana in their resent lifetime?
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Arhat
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In Tibetan Buddhism, what are the teachers and often heads of monasteries called?
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Lamas
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What is a sacred place for Theravada Buddhists?
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Temples
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What are liberal monks called?
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Mahasanghikas
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What is a monastic form of Buddhism?
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Theravada
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In Theravada Buddhism, where do men spend part of their lives?
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Monasteries
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What is the center of all Buddhist beliefs?
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Four Noble Truths
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What is the sacred geometric symbolic of the universe?
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Mandala
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What is in accordance with the laws of the cosmos and of nature?
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Dharma
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Who was the Christian missionary in Japan?
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Francis Xavier
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What literally means "to wake up"?
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Buddha
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Where was the 1893 World Parliament of Religions held?
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Chicago
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What word describes Hindu literature written in Sanskrit and concerned with ritual acts of body, speech, and mind?
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Tantric
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What Saint translated the life of Buddha?
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Saint John of Damascus
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What is the cause of suffering?
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Desire
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What two people have striking similarities?
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Jesus and Siddhartha
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What are the Four Noble Truths in order?
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1. Life is filled with suffering. 2. The cause of suffering is desire. 3. To cease suffering, one must cease desiring. 4. The path to the end of suffering is the Noble Eightfold Path.
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What kind of rituals are the most important in Buddhism?
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Death Rituals
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Experiential
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Enlightenment, Nirvana
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Mythical
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Biography of the Buddha, stories and descriptions of the bodhisattva
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Doctrinal
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Middle Way, Four Noble Truths
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Ethical
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Five Precepts, Ideal of Compassion
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Ritual
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Mahayana acts of religious devotion and prayer to the bodhisattvas, chanting, and mandalas
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Social
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Sangha
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Material
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Bodhi Tree, Mandalas
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Theravada Buddhism
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- preserves close ties to the original teachings of Siddhartha - views Siddhartha as the ideal model to be imitated; he is man not a god; there is only one Buddha - limits nirvana to a select number of followers (mostly monks and nuns) - emphasizes wisdom (the arhat: a saint, having tasted nirvana only waits for death to achieve it fully) - one must attain enlightenment solely through one's own efforts - rejects many elements associated with religion - also known as the Lesser Vehicle
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Mahayana Buddhism
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- embrace changes adopting after the lifetime of Siddhartha - views Siddhartha as one of many Buddha's, as a savior, and often as a god - broadens nirvana to make it universal - that is, available to lay persons as well as monks and nuns - emphasizes compassion (the bodhisattva, having reached the doorway to nirvana, delays entering in order to care for others) - bodhisattva can help people along the path to enlightenment - accepts many religious elements - also known as the Great Vehicle
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Vajrayana Buddhism
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- also known as the Vehicle of the Diamond - followers believe that adherents can attain nirvana in this lifetime, here and now - homeland of Tibet (now claimed as the People's Republic of China) - prominent among the practices used to achieve enlightenment - mandalas: patterned icons that visually excite - Mudras: choreographed hand movements that draw on the energies of movement - Mantras: resonating chants that harness the spiritual potency of sound - Institution of Lamas: a hierarchy of clergy headed by he Dali Lama
