World Music Test 1B – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
An _______ is a short repeated figure that forms the foundation for improvisation or other variations
answer
ostinato
question
_______ refers to the relative pitch at which words are spoken, often indicating differences in meaning within a language
answer
inflection
question
The stressed beginning of a metrical cycle is called the _______
answer
downbeat
question
_______ refers to the superimposition of two distinct rhythmic patterns atop one another
answer
polyrhythm
question
When an instrument a buzz as a performance background sound is called the _______
answer
background shimmer
question
A drum that can imitate the rhythm and common pitch levels of speech is called what?
answer
talking drum
question
In many African cultures, what type of instruments primarily play music?
answer
percussion
question
Which of the following statements is true?
answer
Everyone participates in making music in traditional African societies
question
In most African cultures, what almost always accompanies music?
answer
dancing
question
endere
answer
flute from Uganda
question
balafon
answer
wooden xylophone of West Africa
question
inanga
answer
trough zither from Uganda
question
adungu
answer
bow harp from Uganda
question
endongo
answer
bridged lyre of Uganda
question
What is the distinctive African singing style that combines a breathy delivery with a growl-like tone?
answer
whisper singing
question
A common African instrument that has multiple strings attached to a curved stick is called what?
answer
bow harp
question
What is the style of ensemble performance in which a melody is divided among players?
answer
alternation playing
question
The angled implement that is used to strike the head of a drum with a straight and solid impact is called what?
answer
elbow stick
question
Which is not an idiophone?
answer
barrel drum
question
What is the name of the simple, chordophone type instrument consisting of a single string attached to a curved stick?
answer
musical bow
question
What is the function of the leader's drum cues in Atsia?
answer
signaling a pattern to the drummers and dancers
question
Name the instruments that accompany the hatsiatsia and describe their respective constructions
answer
atake-a small circular piece of iron folded in half; gankogui-double iron bell
question
Describe the interaction between the lead singer and the chorus during the suite.
answer
the chorus responds to the singer
question
What comprises a full performance of Atsia and how long does it take to perform?
answer
different songs and dances that can last for hours
question
How many pulses comprise the core rhythmic cycle of the hatsiatsia?
answer
12
question
What is the name of the drum played by the lead drummer?
answer
atsimewu
question
The axatse heard during Atsia is what kind of instrument?
answer
idiophone
question
What is wu-gbe?
answer
drumming language
question
kumbengo
answer
ostinato patterns that form the basis for kora pieces
question
kora
answer
a 21 stringed harp-lute
question
jalolu
answer
a caste of musicians that specialize in preserving history through song
question
birimintingo
answer
contrasting embellishments that interrupt the flow of ostinato patterns
question
Explain the musical interaction between the mbira players in Nhemasusasa
answer
they play interlocking polyrhythms
question
How is the basic melody organized in Nhemasusasa
answer
3 distinct melodies
question
What are the two singing styles heard in the excerpt, and how do they differ?
answer
yodeling- quick jumps between vibrational modes in the vocal chords; mahon'era-softer, breathy voices at the bottom of a singer's range
question
What are some possible topics for composed songs that accompany mbira music?
answer
poems about specific people or politics
question
What is the name of the rattle that sometimes accompanies an mbira ensemble?
answer
hosho
question
How many pulses does the basic melody of Nhemamusasa last?
answer
48
question
What is the classification for an mbira?
answer
idiophone
question
Which of the following is a small drum that sometimes added to an mbira ensemble?
answer
ngoma
question
_______ is the Nigerian style of music that combines traditional talking drum music, popular dance music, and Islamic praise songs
answer
fuji
question
The South African style of music that is played with pennywhistles and one-stringed basses is called _______ or _______
answer
pennywhistle jive or kwela
question
In Senegal, the _______ style popularized new combinations of traditional instruments, styles, and forms with pop characteristics
answer
mbalax
question
The introduction of Western harmony in the 1920's and 30's to African polyphony brought about an a capella style known as
answer
mbube
question
In the 1960's, kwela music was transformed into _______ or _______ through the use of saxophones, electric guitars, and female choruses
answer
sax jive or mbaqanga
question
What is the current name for a capella music in South Africa?
answer
iscathamiya
question
What is the African name for a dance style that originated with diamond mine workers?
answer
isicathulo
question
Which of the following is not represented in West African popular music?
answer
polyrhythms
question
Originally known as palm wine music, what is the name for the 1950's dance band style of music from West Africa?
answer
highlife
question
What is the name that Fela Kuti gave to his style of popular music?
answer
Afro-beat
question
What was the Jewish Diaspora and how has Jewish ethnicity been affected as a result?
answer
scattering of Jews from their ancestral homeland; Sephardic Jews settled in Spain, Portugal, and later the Mediterranean; Ashkenazi Jews settled in Central and Eastern Europe
question
What are the five pillars of Islam?
answer
confession of faith, prayer five times a day, fasting during Ramadan, almsgiving, pilgrimage to Mecca
question
What are dervishes and what is the makeup of the ensemble that accompanies them?
answer
dancers of the Melevi Sufi tradition, accompanied by nay flutes, daff drums, other instruments, and a chorus
question
What is a melisma?
answer
melodies with many notes to a syllable
question
_______ tones are those pitches that lie between the tones of the Western chromatic scale.
answer
quarter
question
Women who dance for entertainment in Egypt are called _______.
answer
ghawazi
question
_______, meaning "remembrance," is a Sufi ceremony in which cyclic rhythmic figures accompany repetitive chanting.
answer
dhikr
question
The _______ are the singers of the call to prayer, which can be heard five times a day in most Islamic cities.
answer
mu'adhdhin
question
What is the typical texture of Middle Eastern music?
answer
heterophony
question
Which of the following is not an accepted form of religious music?
answer
folk songs related to everyday life
question
Chanting of the Qur'an is known as what?
answer
tilawah
question
What is the name for the florid song that signals that it is time to pray?
answer
adhan
question
What is a zagharit , who typically practices it, and when is it usually heard?
answer
cry rapidly trilled with the tongue by North African women during celebrations
question
Describe the rabab.
answer
a bowed chordophone with a spike on the top, played by sliding the finger along the string
question
What are the typical features of Middle Eastern singing?
answer
elaborate melodies, improvisation based on basic tones, use of quarter tones
question
What is circular breathing? Name two instruments on which this practice is common.
answer
when the player blows out while simultaneously breathing through the nose, common with the zurna
question
What are the levers and intermediate bridges used for on the qanun?
answer
allow for quick tuning changes
question
saz
answer
long necked fretted lute with a tear shaped body and three or four strings
question
nay
answer
end blown notch flute that is played on the side of the mouth
question
daff
answer
shallow frame drum on which small cymbals may be attached
question
zurna
answer
a conical bore, double-reed aerophone, which the player takes the entire reed into the mouth to form an air chamber
question
ud
answer
a pear shaped lute with no frets and five or six courses, one of the most important art music instruments of the Islamic region
question
Which of the following is a hammered dulcimer?
answer
santur
question
What is the classification of a tar?
answer
plucked long-necked flute
question
What are the features of the kamanche?
answer
short-necked fiddle, fingerboard, pear shaped body
question
How many pipes does the single reed arghul have?
answer
2
question
What is the name of the goblet shaped drum that is played with the fingers and found in most Arabic countries?
answer
darabukkah
question
What is tarab?
answer
transcendent emotional experience
question
Describe the performance of the taqism.
answer
a journey through a sequence of emphasized pitches
question
What are the iqa' and how are they defined?
answer
Arabic rhythmic form, defined by duration, accents, and levels of accents so that different beats may have characteristic sounds
question
What are the two choral styles found in traditional Arabic music and how are they different?
answer
responsorial-alternating leader/group singing; antiphonal-two alternating groups singing
question
Who is the primary carrier of the iqa' during the dance performance?
answer
riqq player
question
How many pitches per octave are found in Arabic music?
answer
24
question
What is the name of the modal construct found in Arabic music?
answer
maqam
question
What are jins?
answer
small scalar segments
question
What is a tahkt and what instruments might it be a part of?
answer
ensemble of five musicians; qanum, ud, nay, riqq
question
Describe the sha'bi genre of music? Where did it start?
answer
propulsive rhythmic patterns of folk dances with monophonic or heterophonic melodies; started in Europe
question
qasida
answer
an instrumental piece with a refrain, often in a meter with 10 beats that shifts to triple meter to end the piece
question
sama'i
answer
a partly improvised song in colloquial Arabic and is introduced by a non-pulsitile vocal section
question
mawwal
answer
a song that sets a classical Arabic poem, including the meter, and often repeats the first line as a refrain
question
tahmilla
answer
an instrumental piece in which instruments trade solo improvisations, alternating with a refrain
question
What is the purpose of the daramad in Dastgah Mahur?
answer
establishes the tonic and explores the lower tetrachord of the scale
question
Describe the genre known as reng.
answer
ensemble music in a dance rhythm
question
What is a pishdaramad and what is its texture?
answer
introductory piece for ensemble in duple or triple meter; heterophonic
question
Describe the chahar mezrab section of the Dastgah Mahur.
answer
strongly metered and contrasting interlude
question
What is a tasnif and how does text setting relate to it?
answer
a composed song in a fixed meter accompanied by a soloist or ensemble, not set in a classical poetic setting
question
An entire collection of gusheh, which has been published in various formats is called a _______.
answer
dastgah
question
Light classical, dance, and traditional entertainment music is performed by musicians known as ________.
answer
motreb
question
Short related melodies called _______ are used by performers to construct improvisations.
answer
gusheh
question
The seven-note scale that characterizes a dastgah is called the _______.
answer
maye
question
What is cantillation and when did it evolve?
answer
chanting of Biblical text evolved in the 5th century BCE
question
What instruments are typically found in a klezmer band?
answer
violin, bass, dulcimer, clarinet
question
Who are the Ashkenazi and what musical feature did they retain from the Middle East?
answer
Jews settled in Central and Eastern Europe; nondiatonic tones
question
What are hazzunut?
answer
nonpulsitile songs based on certain scales and collections of melodic motives
question
Levites
answer
a hereditary caste of professional Jewish musicians
question
shteygers
answer
the modes of the Ashkenazi tradition
question
cantors
answer
singers who perform cantillation during public services
question
nigun
answer
Hasidic songs that express joy through the use of abstract syllables
question
The melodic formulas used for cantillation are indicated by signs called what?
answer
ta'amim
question
The Jews that settled in Spain, Portugal, and the Mediterranean following the split of the Roman Empire are considered what tradition?
answer
Sephardic
question
Which of the following is not a feature of Klezmer music?
answer
vocal oriented improvisation
question
What is the name of the ballad-type folk songs that emerged from the Sephardic tradition?
answer
romancero
